毕业论文外文资料翻译怎么写

毕业论文中的外文资料怎么写(毕业论文中的外文文献怎么写啊,我做的是访客通安全管理系统)

1.毕业论文中的外文文献怎么写啊,我做的是访客通安全管理系统

14.4.2 外文文献

各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文示例相同;为了计算机检索方便,建议题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写,期刊的刊名等可用全称或按ISO 4规定的缩写格式。为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差,建议以(SXXXX-XXXX)格式在刊名后加ISSN号。例:

[24]JONES R M.Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York:McGraw Hill Book Company,1975.

[25]Marcel Merle.Sociologie des Relations Internationales[M]. 4th ed. Paris: Dalloz,1988.

[26]CHERNIK B E. Introduction to Library Services for Library Technicians[M]. Littleton,Colo.:Libraries Unlimited,Inc,1982.

[27]International Federation of Library Association and Institutions.Names of Persons:National Usages for Entry in Catalogues[M]. 3rd ed.London:IFLA International Office for UBC,1977ر

[28]Klaus Hildbrand.Das Drite Reich[M].Müchen:Bund-Verlag GmbH,1979.

[29]Григорян С В.Рудничная Геохимия[M].Москва: Недра,1992.

2.毕业设计中的外文翻译到底写什么,文献综述呢

毕业设计中的外文翻译就是内容提要,有一些导师会要求写成摘要,把内容提要的中文版翻译成英文即可。

值得一提的是,内容提要下方的关键字也需要翻译成英文。内容提要是全文内容的缩影。

在这里,作者以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。内容提要是正文的附属部分,一般放置在论文的篇首。

写作内容提要的目的在于:1.为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时,先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解,知道研究所取得的主要成果,研究的主要逻辑顺序。2.为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要,就能大略了解作者所研究的问题,假如产生共鸣,则再进一步阅读全文。

在这里,内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。因此,内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。

论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。

报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面。指示性提要,只简要地叙述研究的成果(数据、看法、意见、结论等),对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。

毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。文献综述简称综述,是对某一领域,某一专业或某一方面的课题、问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料,然后通过分析、阅读、整理、提炼当前课题、问题或研究专题的最新进展、学术见解或建议,对其做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。

文献综述,一般都包含以下四部分:摘要、引言、主体和参考文献。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法、结果、动态和进展。

扩展资料:文献综述看似简单,其实是一项高难度的工作。在国外,宏观的或者是比较系统的文献综述通常都是由一个领域里的顶级“大牛”来做的。

在现有研究方法的著作中,都有关于文献综述的指导,然而无论是教授文献综述课的教师还是学习该课程的学生,大多实际上没有对其给予足够的重视。而到了真正自己来做研究,便发现综述实在是困难。

以下为注意事项:⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提,否则,随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。

⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同,有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异,因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。

⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析,因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容,不能篡改文献的内容。

引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。

如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来,这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当,有无谬误,综述作者是不知道的,所以最好不要间接转引文献。⒋ 参考文献不能省略。

有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略,但文献综述绝对不能省略,而且应是文中引用过的,能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。5.综述篇幅不可太长。

杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时,往往不注意这点,造成虚话、空话较多,重点不突出。

综述一般不宜超过4000字。综述并不是简单的文献罗列,综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。

有的综述只是将文献罗列,看上去像流水账,没有作者自己的综合与分析,使人看后感到重复、费解,材料与评述不协调。6.一些作者似乎把论文的引言看成是一种形式,是可有可无的部分,将引言的写作和正文的写作相分离,只是为了给论文加一顶帽子。

常见的现象是,一般化地论述研究的重要性,甚至从技术所涉及的行业在国民经济中的地位开始谈起,就像一篇领导的讲话稿。就是落脚于研究的主题,也是从宏观谈起到微观结束,停留在一般性的论述较多。

显然,这样做的结果是使读者无法准确地判断“论文命题”的具体价值,缺少对当前研究状况的概括和介绍,不知道作者的研究与以往的研究工作有什么不同?因此,科技论文的引言必须交代研究工作的背景,概括性地论述所研究问题的现状。对研究现状的论述,不仅是考查作者对资料的占有程度和熟悉程度,更重要的是从资料的全面程度和新旧程度可以判断研究工作的意义和价值,以及研究结果的可信度。

7. 引文罗列,缺少分析和概括。引言不仅要反映背景的广度,更重要的是要考查作者对研究背景了解的深度。

一般作者对研究的问题了解不深,在介绍研究现状时往往是列出一大堆参考文献,罗列出不同研究者的不同作法和结论,缺乏作者的分析和归纳,没有概括出研究的成果和存在的问题,有的甚至将一些与本文研究没有直接关系的文献也列在其中,片面地强调资料占有的丰富性。尽管有人认为,对研究现状的介绍不同的杂志有不同的要求,但从论文写作的角度出发,引言的目的是阐述论文命题的意义,而并非是研究资料的综述,尽管综述对读者查找资料提供了方便。

因此,应当用作者自己的语言概括出研究的现状,特别是存在的难点和不足。

3.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容

《关于毕业论文书写格式》 关于毕业论文书写格式 (参考某一学校的要求) 论文书写格式 论文全部要采用word 来书写,文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”,其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。

学位论文一般应包括下述几部分: 论文首页格式: 其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字,其余用宋体四号字 论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,简明、恰当,一般不超过25个字。 中文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要,应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。

学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影,尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和 新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出,通俗易懂,少用公式字母,语言力求精炼、准确。

4 在本页的最下方另起一行,注明本文的关键词3╠5个。 英文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 论文第三页为英文摘要,内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。

学校名称:东北师范大学 院(系)名称:计算机系 本科生学号: 学 位 论 文 题 目 学 科、专 业:计算机科学技术 本科生姓名: _____ _ 指导教师姓名:_________ 指导教师职称:___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会 年 月 摘 要(粗宋体居中四号字) (空一行) 摘要内容(宋体5号左对齐) (空一行) 关键词:词1、词2 目录: 论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下: 计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一 二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章 计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中:“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字;“节”部分采用宋体5号字 引言(或序言)(宋体5号字b5排版): 内容为本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题,该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。

正文是学位论文的主体: 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行,每行32个字。

页码打印在页面下方中间位置, 论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系 学士学位论文”,偶数页使用论文题目的名称。

4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续(或 分章)编号。图序及图名置于图的下方;表序及表名置于表的上方;论文中的公式编号, 用括弧括起写在右边行末,其间不加虚线。

4 学位论文一律在左侧装订,要求装订、剪切整齐,便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。

宋体3号字居中显示 (空一行) §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示 (空一行) 粗宋体5号字左起 正文部分宋体5号字,语言要简练,不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。

参考文献: 按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。 附录: 包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复 性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

4.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。

5.求毕业论文外文资料~

1. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach Wikil Kwak, Yong Shi and Kooyul Jung The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA。

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Volume 20, Number 3 / 2003年5月 PDF (77.4 KB) 2. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Corporate Social Reporting in the European Context and Human Resource Disclosures: An Analysis of Finnish Companies Taru Vuontisjärvi 。interface between HR reporting (especially as based on measurements such as Human Resource Accounting and Intellectual Capital schools) and corporate social reporting practices. The results。

Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 69, Number 4 / 2006年12月 PDF (220.8 KB) 3. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human resource accounting Carme Barcons-Vilardell, Soledad Moya-Gutierrez, Antonio Somoza-López, Josep Vallverdú-Calafell and Carlos Griful-Miquela Abstract Human resources is an old field of research in economics, as reflected by accounting treatments. This paper reviews this。International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3 / 1999年8月 PDF (571.7 KB) 4. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 A Machine Learning Application for Human Resource Data Mining Problem Zhen Xu and Binheng Song 。

for problems with changing conditions. Human resource allocation is a kind of。Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PDF (238.9 KB) 5. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Human Capital Management Peter Friederichs and Monika Labes Dieses einführende Kapitel geht zunächst auf den Begriff Human Capital und dessen unterschiedliche ein. In einem kurzen Problemaufriss wird die。

Human Capital Management, Teil I PDF (216.3 KB) 6. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Fuzzy Logic Experience Model in Human Resource Management Zhen Xu, Binheng Song and Liang Chen 。of most important functions in human resource management. It presents a new。

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems PDF (209.7 KB) 7. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert A. Mickler Environmental Management, Volume 33, Number 4 / 2004年8月 PDF (135.0 KB)HTML 8. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of stakeholder attitudes and implications for conflict management Keith Marshall, Rehema White and Anke Fischer Abstract Conflicts involving wildlife are, in essence, often conflicts between human parties with differing wildlife management objectives. However, the study and management of。Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16, Number 11 / 2007年10月 PDF (494.6 KB)HTML 9. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 For the Knowledge Society: How to Involve Human Resources in Gaming Arata Ichikawa and Mieko Nakamura Gaming, Simulations, and Society, Part IV PDF (179.4 KB) 10. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes Justyna M. Szamalek, Violaine Goidts, David N. Cooper, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki Abstract The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences。

Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。

6.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an importa。

7.写本科毕业论文要写外文文献,急

英语(科技/经贸英语)毕业论文

英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~

英文的毕业论文

或:)

英语毕业论文[1829]

毕业论文的引文[208]

毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]

毕业论文的评价[83]

教育论文网:)很多的

英语论文:)

UMI外文博硕论文库

Springer外文期刊

EBSCO外文期刊

OCLC NetLibrary图书

SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载

万方外文传递系统

西文期刊目次数据库(CCC)

两种外刊在线

美国石油工程师学会(SPE)会议论文

cnpLINKer(中图链接服务)

Socolar(教图链接服务)

以上网站也可以找到,只是收费的.

答案补充

你自己一点也不出力啊?自己找!!!

毕业论文中的外文资料怎么写

计算机毕业论文外文资料翻译

1.求计算机毕业论文要求的外文翻译

原发布者:ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、黑体字、居中打印;2.正文:采用小四号、宋体字,行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文:采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注:五号,TimesNewRoman,顺序为作者.题目.出处,五、封面格式由学校统一制作(注:封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目,封面中文小四号宋体,英文小四号TimesNewRoman),六、装订:左侧均匀装订,上下共两个钉,并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

2.毕业论文外文翻译是什么意思

毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求:

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文 。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。 

7、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

3.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容

《关于毕业论文书写格式》 关于毕业论文书写格式 (参考某一学校的要求) 论文书写格式 论文全部要采用word 来书写,文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”,其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。

学位论文一般应包括下述几部分: 论文首页格式: 其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字,其余用宋体四号字 论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,简明、恰当,一般不超过25个字。 中文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要,应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。

学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影,尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和 新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出,通俗易懂,少用公式字母,语言力求精炼、准确。

4 在本页的最下方另起一行,注明本文的关键词3╠5个。 英文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 论文第三页为英文摘要,内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。

学校名称:东北师范大学 院(系)名称:计算机系 本科生学号: 学 位 论 文 题 目 学 科、专 业:计算机科学技术 本科生姓名: _____ _ 指导教师姓名:_________ 指导教师职称:___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会 年 月 摘 要(粗宋体居中四号字) (空一行) 摘要内容(宋体5号左对齐) (空一行) 关键词:词1、词2 目录: 论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下: 计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一 二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章 计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中:“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字;“节”部分采用宋体5号字 引言(或序言)(宋体5号字b5排版): 内容为本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题,该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。

正文是学位论文的主体: 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行,每行32个字。

页码打印在页面下方中间位置, 论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系 学士学位论文”,偶数页使用论文题目的名称。

4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续(或 分章)编号。图序及图名置于图的下方;表序及表名置于表的上方;论文中的公式编号, 用括弧括起写在右边行末,其间不加虚线。

4 学位论文一律在左侧装订,要求装订、剪切整齐,便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。

宋体3号字居中显示 (空一行) §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示 (空一行) 粗宋体5号字左起 正文部分宋体5号字,语言要简练,不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。

参考文献: 按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。 附录: 包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复 性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

4.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找

先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英

文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文

献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。

第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。

第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。

第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证与步骤; d.结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一,选题要新颖。

这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。

二,大量文献做基础

仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗

三,一气呵成

做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。

四,尽量采用多的专业术语

可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。

五,用正规格式书写

参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。

六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程

如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。

七,成稿打印好交给导师

无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。

八,听取导师意见,仔细修改

导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。

5.求一篇外文翻译啊,带英语原文的,关于计算机的,3000字

You've probably been sick before. It's not fun.In many cases, like the flu, you're sick because of a virus…tiny germs ready to multiply and spread from person-to-person, via handshakes or sneezes。

你肯定生过病吧,很不爽,对吗?生病通常是因为感染了病毒。握手、打喷嚏都能让病毒繁殖传播。

Computer viruses are no different.Instead of germs, they are computer programs.These programs are usually designed by criminals to multiply and spread from computer-to-computer like a disease.If one makes it to your computer, it can erase your files, send emails without your permission or even communicate sensitive info to criminals。 电脑病毒亦然。

但不是微生物而是电脑程序。黑客设计的病毒程序会像疾病一样在电脑间传播一旦电脑感染了病毒,它会删除文件、私发邮件、甚至把私人信息泄露给犯罪分子。

Let's take a closer look, because what we call computer viruses can actually be Viruses, worms or trojanswe'll start with viruses.These bugs hitch a ride when something, like a file, is shared between computers. This often happens via attachments sent in email or shared USB drives.Once someone clicks to open the file, the damage is done.The virus is now on that computer, where it starts to multiply and look for chances to hitch a ride to a new computer。 电脑病毒可以细分为三种,普通病毒、蠕虫 、木马先来说说普通病毒。

它通过电脑之间的文件共享来传播。通常会在附件或U盘中出现,一打开这种文件,电脑就会中毒。

然后复制,等着感染下一台电脑。 Like a sick human, it's sometimes hard to to tell when a file has a virus.For this reason, the best defense is anti-virus software.It prevents viruses from getting to your computer and removes them when they are found。

和人生病一样,有时候文件是否感染病毒也很难”确诊”。所以,最好的防护措施就是安装杀毒软件能防止电脑中毒,也能在发现病毒时及时清除。

Now, worms are a little scarier.They are programs that spread to computers without humans doing anything.Criminals create worms to spread via computers that are connected in a network. They worm their way from computer-to-computer automatically.Whether it's a small office or a global network like the Internet。 蠕虫则更可怕,即使我们什么也没操作,它也能传播。

只有电脑联网,蠕虫就会感染网上的病毒。不管是局域网,还是在整个互联网中。

Usually, the worms find a back door.a way to trick the computer's software into letting them in.Once they're in, they look for the same backdoor in similar computers,wreaking havoc along the way。 蠕虫擅长走”后门”。

就是通过电脑软件的漏洞入侵。一旦被感染,蠕虫还会寻找其他电脑的”后门”,一路披荆斩棘地破坏下去。

The best defense is keeping your computer software up to date at work and home.This helps close the doors and prevent problems。 最好的防护措施是,更新系统、修复漏洞,门关好了,蠕虫就爬不进来了。

Trojans, our last example, are sneaky bugs.Like the real trojan horse, they're a trick.If you fall for it, you end up downloading a virus from the Internet.It may appear to be a game or useful software, but hidden inside is a program that can cause problems.For example, these programs can open new backdoors,giving criminals access to your computer and information over the Web。 木马则是最最阴险狡诈的病毒。

像传说中的特洛伊木马,它也善用诡计,一个不小心就可能从网上下载木马。木马病毒会伪装成游戏或者常用软件,有些木马还会给电脑开新的”后门”,让犯罪分子轻易侵入你的电脑获取信息。

Not fun.To avoid trojans, only download software from sites you trust.Just like washing your hands and covering your cough,you have to be aware of what causes problems to avoid them。 可怕吧?要防木马,你必须只在信任的网站上下载软件,提高警惕,时刻注意网络安全,就像咳嗽要掩口,饭前便后要洗手一样。

Keep your computer up to date and get anti-virus software.It will help prevent problems and help you recover.And please…don't click on links, attachments and downloadable files.unless you know they're legit。 还要经常更新电脑软件,安装杀毒工具。

一边防患于未然,一边“亡羊补牢”。另外,陌生的链接、附件、文件也不要碰。

除非能确认它们的安全性。 Through a little awareness, you and your computer will stay happy and healthy。

6.需要对有关计算机专业的外文文献进行翻译,字数大概在中文五千字

童鞋你好!这个估计需要自己搜索了!网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的!我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库:---------------------------------------------------------- ⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL) ⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会 ⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会 ⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库 ⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书 ⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 ⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库 ⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------中文翻译得自己做了,实在不成就谷歌翻译。

弄完之后,自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦!学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的!外文翻译不是论文的主要内容!所以,很容易过去的!祝你好运。

7.毕业论文中的外文翻译可以在什么网站找到

毕业论文中的外文翻译可以到学校图书馆电子资源库,利用图书馆资源查找。也可以提取论文关键词在网页搜索框中搜索,从你的论文题目提取,注意参考文献不需要完全和你的标题一致,有时候搜索不到外文的时候,记得放大你的关键词范围。

但是网站翻译出来的正文毕竟不是非常准确,需要人工润色一下,建议一段一段复制在翻译框对照。一般鼠标放在单词上或者选中单词都会出来翻译。

不过这两种方法还是不够完善,有时候会不够准确,因此推荐找正规专业的翻译公司,像国际科学编辑就是一家不错的翻译公司,国际科学编辑是最早在中国开展语言编辑服务并提供本地化支持的国际公司。20年来成功的为众多中国科技工作者发表论文提供语言支持。国际科学编辑拥有200位全职编辑,500名位兼职编辑,每篇文章润色都必须经过2轮润色和校对,确保语言没有问题。

8.计算机毕业设计外文参考文献

去百度文库,查看完整内容>内容来自用户:zg9wu2计算机毕业设计外文参考文献[1].Abdellatif, T. and F. Boyer. A node allocation system for deploying JavaEE systems on Grids. 2009. Hammemet, Tunisia.[2].Bharti, A.K. and S.K. Dwivedi, E-Governance in Public Transportation: U.P.S.R.T.C.——A Case Study. 2011: Kathmandu, Nepal. p. 7-12.[3].ChangChun, S.Z.C.S., et al., A Novel Two-stage Algorithm of Fuzzy C-Means Clustering. 2010: 中国吉林长春. p. 85-88.[4].Changchun, Z.Z.H.Q., Simulation of 3-C Seismic Records In 2-D TIM. 1991: 中国北京. p. 489-493.[5].CHINA, G.C.O.M., The trust model based on consumer recommendation in B-C e-commerce. 2011: 中国湖北武汉. p. 214-217.[6].ENGINEERING, W.C.H.X., H.T.S.H. PROPAGATION and XINXIANG, A C BAND SYSTEM FOR IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION OBSERVATION. 1991: 中国北京. p. 470-476.[7].Henriksson, K., K. Nordlund and J. Wallenius, Simulating model steels:An analytical bond-order potential for Fe-C. 2008: 中国北京. p. 138.[8].Jiansen, Y., et al., Suspension K&C Characteristics and the Effect on Vehicle Steering. 2010: 中国吉林长春. p. 408-411.[9].Jilin, W.G.D.O., C.W.S.D. Changchun and China, Realization and Optimization of Video Encoder Based on TMS320C6455 DSPs. 201。

计算机毕业论文外文资料翻译

ios毕业论文外文资料翻译

1.求分享一篇关于IOS软件开发的外文文献和翻译

iOS (originally iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as theiPod Touch (September 2007), iPad (January 2010), iPad Mini (November 2012) and second-generation Apple TVonward (September 2010). As of January 2015, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications, 725,000 of which are native for iPad.These mobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 75 billion times.[9] It had a 21% share of the smartphone mobile operating system units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind Google's Android.[10] By the middle of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated.[11] At WWDC 2014, Tim Cook said 800 million devices had been sold by June 2014.[12] During Apple's quarterly earnings call in January 27, 2015, Apple announced that they have now sold one billion iOS devices.The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it inthree dimensions (one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode).iOS shares with OS X some frameworks such as Core Foundation and Foundation; however, its UI toolkit isCocoa Touch rather than OS X's Cocoa, so that it provides the UIKit framework rather than the AppKitframework. It is therefore not compatible with OS X for applications. Also while iOS also shares the Darwinfoundation with OS X, Unix-like shell access is not available for users and restricted for apps, making iOS not fully Unix-compatible either.Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current release, iOS 8.3, was released on April 8, 2015. In iOS, there are four abstraction layers: the Core OS layer, the Core Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer. The current version of the operating system (iOS 8.0), dedicates 1.3 - 1.5GB of the device's flash memory for the system partition, using roughly 800 MB of that partition (varying by model) for iOS itself.[14][15] It runs on the iPhone 4S and later, iPad 2 and later, all models of the iPad Mini, and the 5th-generation iPod Touch.。

2.求分享一篇关于IOS软件开发的外文文献和翻译

iOS (originally iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as theiPod Touch (September 2007), iPad (January 2010), iPad Mini (November 2012) and second-generation Apple TVonward (September 2010). As of January 2015, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications, 725,000 of which are native for iPad.These mobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 75 billion times.[9] It had a 21% share of the smartphone mobile operating system units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind Google's Android.[10] By the middle of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated.[11] At WWDC 2014, Tim Cook said 800 million devices had been sold by June 2014.[12] During Apple's quarterly earnings call in January 27, 2015, Apple announced that they have now sold one billion iOS devices.The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internal accelerometers are used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it inthree dimensions (one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode).iOS shares with OS X some frameworks such as Core Foundation and Foundation; however, its UI toolkit isCocoa Touch rather than OS X's Cocoa, so that it provides the UIKit framework rather than the AppKitframework. It is therefore not compatible with OS X for applications. Also while iOS also shares the Darwinfoundation with OS X, Unix-like shell access is not available for users and restricted for apps, making iOS not fully Unix-compatible either.Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current release, iOS 8.3, was released on April 8, 2015. In iOS, there are four abstraction layers: the Core OS layer, the Core Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer. The current version of the operating system (iOS 8.0), dedicates 1.3 - 1.5GB of the device's flash memory for the system partition, using roughly 800 MB of that partition (varying by model) for iOS itself.[14][15] It runs on the iPhone 4S and later, iPad 2 and later, all models of the iPad Mini, and the 5th-generation iPod Touch.。

3.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。 

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文

4.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找,如:ELSEVIER数据库等检索技巧:选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词;包含常用词及专业词汇;如:kidney disease OR renal failure;包括同义词和缩写形式;如:mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;避免使用过于宽泛的词汇:如:influence;使用单词的单数形式;使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如:city---city,cities,city's,cities'一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用;优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT 例:genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning (genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning 运用临近符进行作者检索 例: raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and Raymond J。

ios毕业论文外文资料翻译

毕业论文产品组合外文资料

1.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。

2.跪求一篇关于产品质量管理的英文文献

论文可以吗?第一篇:谈产品质量管理On product quality management and improvement [Abstract] modern society, the quality of mechanical products is particularly important here for the quality of products, as well as measures to improve the management of the program was discussed. [Key words] product quality management to improve the quality of I. Overview And improve the quality of the sound system and maintain its effective operation of the fundamental purpose is to improve the quality of management and the quality of products, improving economic efficiency, reduce waste and maximize meet the needs of users. To achieve this goal, one of the main ways and means is to carry out continuous quality improvement, including its quality system and improve the product quality improvements. This article talk about the product quality control measures and improved. Second, product quality control measures (A) customer requirements In accordance with ISO9000-2000, in the eight quality management principles, the first principle of "customer-focus of attention." The requirements of customers, including product features, performance requirements, the current and future needs are to be taken into account. To meet the requirements of customers, products will have a true sense of quality. (B) regulations Product development and manufacturing, first of all, it should be noted that the "safety". It is to protect the safety of production, workers and the safety of state property security, the prevention of major accidents and regulations. In addition, countries should also pay attention to environmental protection laws and regulations on the product. (C) standards Product development and manufacturing must follow the national standard, the provisions of the subject by the national testing agencies authorized by the check only after the production and sale of investment. (D) specific standard products of control Comply with the People's Republic of China Standardization Law, in the absence of a specific product or industry standards for national standards, the development of enterprises should be the standard. The standards must be reported to local enterprises standardized administrative departments for the record. Standard products are product design, development, production, the basis for acceptance. Product standards, taking full account of customer requirements, regulations and safety standards on the basis of the technology should also be given to the advanced nature of economic rationality and the protection of the environment. (E) control of product design Control of product design, including design input, design output and design review, design verification, to confirm the design and design to improve control. ① designed to control the importation, which is based on standard products based on the formation of the document. Design is the importation of products that meet customers, laws and regulations required by the root, it should review the design input, and there is a written record. Design and Design ② output control assessment, design output is the product of design drawings. Design of output assessment should be carried out. Assessment of its compliance with the standards, advanced technology, economy, technology and standardization. Accreditation should have a written record. Design output should be approved before publication. ③ design verification control products in the formation of the appropriate phase of the implementation of the verification to prove that the input and design compliance. ④ confirmed that the design control, to verify the records and running to prove that the product is expected to meet the requirements. ⑤ sent to the national mandate for the inspection agency review. ⑥ to change the design of control, either from outside or within the requirements changes should be authorized to carry out the assessment and approval before the implementation of change. (F) raw materials, quality control ① suppliers selected by the Ministry of Technology, Engineering, procurement department, QC 4 responsible for the supply of test makers, the assessment confirmed that point. ② suppliers must have a quality assurance system, supply capacity, to deal with complaints and service capabilities in order to be included in the assessment of suppliers. ③ through the assessment of the use of qualified suppliers to send samples, a small number of trial, low-volume trial, the bulk of the trial all qualified and have the capacity to supply over the conditions of manufacturers in order to be included in the procurement unit fixed. ④ raw materials into 。

3.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。 

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文

4.毕业论文附件中的外文资料和翻译要检测吗

毕业论文附件如果是和论文在同一个world中出现是检测计算相似率的,如果是分开来给老师,不和论文出现在一个world文档中。是不计算的,因为那个检测是同只要出现在上面的所有内容都会与期刊数据库,和论文数据库进行对比。

抄袭之后最后修改一下,比如改下表达方式,

知网系统计算标准详细说明:

1.看了一下这个系统的介绍,有个疑问,这套系统对于文字复制鉴别还是不错的,但对于其他方面的内容呢,比如数据,图表,能检出来吗?检不出来的话不还是没什么用吗?

学术不端的各种行为中,文字复制是最为普遍和严重的,目前本检测系统对文字复制的检测已经达到相当高的水平,对于图表、公式、数据的抄袭和篡改等行为的检测,目前正在研发当中,且取得了比较大的进展,欢迎各位继续关注本检测系统的进展并多提批评性及建设性意见和建议。

2.按照这个系统39%以下的都是显示黄色,那么是否意味着在可容忍的限度内呢?最近看到对上海大学某教师的国家社科基金课题被撤消的消息,原因是其发表的两篇论文有抄袭行为,分别占到25%和30%. 请明示超过多少算是警戒线?

百分比只是描述检测文献中重合文字所占的比例大小程度,并不是指该文献的抄袭严重程度。只能这么说,百分比越大,重合字数越多,存在抄袭的可能性越大。是否属于抄袭及抄袭的严重程度需由专家审查后决定。

3.如何防止学位论文学术不端行为检测系统成为个人报复的平台?

这也是我们在认真考虑的事情,目前这套检测系统还只是在机构一级用户使用。我们制定了一套严格的管理流程。同时,在技术上,我们也采取了多种手段来最大可能的防止恶意行为,包括一系列严格的身份认证,日志记录等。

4.最小检测单位是句子,那么在每句话里改动一两个字就检测不出来了么?

我们对句子也有相应的处理,有一个句子相似性的算法。并不是句子完全一样才判断为相同。句子有句子级的相似算法,段落有段落级的相似算法,计算一篇文献,一段话是否与其他文献文字相似,是在此基础上综合得出的。

5.如果是从相关书籍上摘下来的原话,但是此话已经被数据库中的相关文献也抄了进去,也就是说前面的文章也从相关书籍上摘了相同的话,但是我的论文中标注的这段话来自相关的书籍,这个算不算学术抄袭?

检测系统不下结论,是不是抄袭最后还有人工审查这一关,所以,如果是您描述的这种情况,专家会有相应判断。我们的系统只是提供各种线索和依据,让人能够快速掌握检测文献的信息。

6.知网检测系统的权威性?

学术不端文献检测系统并不下结论,即检测系统并不对检测文献定性,只是将检测文献中与其他已发表文献中的雷同部分陈列出来,列出客观事实,而这篇检测文献是否属于学术不端,需专家做最后的审查确认。

你好,希望我们可以帮你。硕士本科毕业论文写作是我们特长,我们的服务特色:

支持支付宝交易,保证你的资金安全。3种服务方式,文章多重审核,保证文章质量。附送抄袭检测报告,让你用得放心。修改不限次数,再刁难的老师也能过。赞同20| 评论

5.写本科毕业论文要写外文文献,急

英语(科技/经贸英语)毕业论文

英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~

英文的毕业论文

或:)

英语毕业论文[1829]

毕业论文的引文[208]

毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]

毕业论文的评价[83]

教育论文网:)很多的

英语论文:)

UMI外文博硕论文库

Springer外文期刊

EBSCO外文期刊

OCLC NetLibrary图书

SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载

万方外文传递系统

西文期刊目次数据库(CCC)

两种外刊在线

美国石油工程师学会(SPE)会议论文

cnpLINKer(中图链接服务)

Socolar(教图链接服务)

以上网站也可以找到,只是收费的.

答案补充

你自己一点也不出力啊?自己找!!!

毕业论文产品组合外文资料

英语专业毕业论文外文资料翻译

1.毕业论文外文翻译是什么意思

毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求:

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文 。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。 

7、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

2.英语专业毕业论文最后的外文资料在哪里找啊

1.一般学校里的图书馆都会有关于自己数据库、论文库的链接的,比方万方 维普 清华等等。基本都是在电子阅览室里,你可以向图书馆的工作人员咨询。

然后用U盘拷走做参考。

2.历年师哥师姐的论文,这个你可以向论文老师,或者已经毕业的校友要。

3.图书馆的专业期刊, 这些上面也有很多不错的内容的,一般图书馆还有过刊检索库,可以试试,有时候也蛮管用的。

4.其实有不少专业点的书,比方翻译、文学,都是有中英文对照,或者全英文的,上面就有不少好的东西,可以做参照的。

如果楼主还有什么问题,尽管问我,我也是英语专业的,说不定能帮上忙。

朋友 如果你的论文题目过于生僻,你可以向指导老师寻求帮助。当年为了防止大家论文撞题,我们系里是由论文老师写好方向及参考题目,然后抽签。再由做某一方面研究的老师带,有些同学分到的题目很生僻,数据库也找不到,就是老师有资料,毕竟他们在搞学术研究的。

3.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。 

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文

4.英语专业毕业论文中 关于翻译著作的英文参考文献

没想到,还有人和我一样和找相关的参考文献:About Translation P. Newmark 《论翻译》A Practical Guide for Translators G. Samuelsson-Brown 《译者实用指南》Can Theory Help Translators? A Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface A. Chesterman & E. Wagner 《理论对译者有用吗?象牙塔与语言工作面之间的对话》Corpora in Translator Education F. Zanettin et al.《语料库与译者培养》Corpus-based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies S. Granger 《基于语料库的语言对比和翻译研究》Crosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in Translation studies Ⅱ, Historical and Ideological Issues T. Hermans 《跨文化侵越——翻译学研究模式(Ⅱ):历史与意识形态问题》Electronic Tools for Translators F. Austermuhl 《译者的电子工具》Intercultural Fautlines: Research Models in Translation Studies Ⅰ, Textual and Cognitive Aspects M. Olohan 《超越文化断裂——翻译学研究模式(Ⅰ):文本与认知的译学研究》Method in Translation History A.Pym 《翻译史研究方法》Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation- Orented Text Analysis(Second Edition) C. Nord 《翻译的文本分析模式:理论、方法及教学应用》(第二版) The Translator's Turn D. Robinson 《译者登场》Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies J.S. Holmes 《译稿杀青!文学翻译与翻译研究文集》Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context 《文学翻译:比较文学背景下的理论与实践》Translation and Empire : Postcolonial Theories Explained D. robinson 《翻译与帝国:后殖民理论解读》Translation and Language : Linguistic Theories Explained P.Fawcett 《翻译与语言:语言学理论解读》Translation and Literary Criticism: Translation as Analysis M.G. Rose 《翻译与文学批评:翻译作为分析手段》Translation and Nation : Towards a Cultural Politics of Englishness R. Ellis & L. Ley-Brown 《翻译与民族:英格兰的文化政治》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner 《翻译与规范》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner 《翻译,权力,颠覆》Translation Today: Trends and Perspectives G. Anderman & M.Rogers 《今日翻译:趋向与视角》Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies L. Bowker et al.《多元下的统一?当代翻译研究潮流》Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche D. Robinson 《西方翻译理论:从希罗多德到尼采》以上全是外研社的,建议你挑几个.千万别全写上,一定穿帮。

5.英语专业毕业论文最后的外文资料在哪里找啊

1.一般学校里的图书馆都会有关于自己数据库、论文库的链接的,比方万方 维普 清华等等。

基本都是在电子阅览室里,你可以向图书馆的工作人员咨询。 然后用U盘拷走做参考。

2.历年师哥师姐的论文,这个你可以向论文老师,或者已经毕业的校友要。 3.图书馆的专业期刊, 这些上面也有很多不错的内容的,一般图书馆还有过刊检索库,可以试试,有时候也蛮管用的。

4.其实有不少专业点的书,比方翻译、文学,都是有中英文对照,或者全英文的,上面就有不少好的东西,可以做参照的。 如果楼主还有什么问题,尽管问我,我也是英语专业的,说不定能帮上忙。

朋友 如果你的论文题目过于生僻,你可以向指导老师寻求帮助。当年为了防止大家论文撞题,我们系里是由论文老师写好方向及参考题目,然后抽签。

再由做某一方面研究的老师带,有些同学分到的题目很生僻,数据库也找不到,就是老师有资料,毕竟他们在搞学术研究的。

6.求英语专业教学类毕业论文外文参考文献

就要外文参考文献是吗

1] A S Hornby. Oxford Advanced learner's English-Chinese Dictionary [Z], Oxford: Oxford University Press, The Commercial Press, 2004.

[2] Baker, M. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[3] Fernando. C. Idioms and idiomatic [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.

[4] Judy Pearsall. The New Oxford dictionary of English [Z] Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.

[5] Nida, E.A. Language and Culture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

7.英语翻译 毕业论文外文翻译 作者和来源

您好,很高兴为您解答翻译:

Yang-Byung Park, Jun-Su Yoo

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, College of Engineering,Kyung Hee University (Republic of Korea)

(大韩民国)韩国庆熙大学工程学院工业与管理系统工程专业 朴阳炳 柳俊洙

(柳和朴在朝鲜族都是大姓。)

满意请记得采纳~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

英语专业毕业论文外文资料翻译

毕业论文外文资料翻译

1.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。 扩展资料: 外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。

  8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。  9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文。

2.毕业论文中的外文文献翻译,有什么要求

原发布者:ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、黑体字、居中打印;2.正文:采用小四号、宋体字,行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文:采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注:五号,TimesNewRoman,顺序为作者.题目.出处,五、封面格式由学校统一制作(注:封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目,封面中文小四号宋体,英文小四号TimesNewRoman),六、装订:左侧均匀装订,上下共两个钉,并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

3.毕业论文外文文献翻译重要吗

其实也只是考验一下你的英语能力

不是特别的重要

但是也是必须要翻译的

只翻译一部分是不行的

一般要求5000字以上

主要目的也是锻炼一下

另外这也是毕业设计的一个任务

翻译一下有可能以后工作的时候会遇到类似的安排

要你翻译了什么的

锻炼一下还是挺不错的

了解一下专业的英文论文是怎么写的

大多人翻译的还是比较中文式的

这不合规矩

外文文献有外文的规定

借此了解一下

5000字两三天就搞定了

认真的话可以多研究研究

4.论文 把外文文献翻译成中文并使用,会不会被查重

会的。

TMLC采用CNKI自主研发的自适应多阶指纹(AMLFP)特征检测技术,具有检测速度快,准确率,召回率较高,抗干扰性强等特征。支持篇章、段落、句子各层级检测;支持文献改写,多篇文献组合等各种文献变形检测;支持研究生学位论文、图书专著等超长文献的学术不端检测。

对任意一篇需要检测的文献,系统首先对其进行分层处理,按照篇章、段落、句子等层级分别创建指纹,而比对资源库中的比对文献,也采取同样技术创建指纹索引。扩展资料:论文查重的相关要求规定:1、若用户提交的论文是MS Word格式,且按照MS Word格式生成了文档目录,检测系统会自动识别论文章节,按论文实际章节信息显示论文内容。

2、若学位论文不存在明显的章节信息,或者不是MS Word格式论文,则系统会自动按照每段1万余字符切分学位论文,按照切分后的结果显示。3、重合字数为学位论文该章节与比对文献比较后,重合部分的字数。

不管文字复制比如何,重合字数越多,存在学术不端行为的可能性越大。参考资料来源:百度百科-学术不端行为检测系统。

5.毕业论文的外文翻译 直接抄已经翻译好的书可以么

可以的,外文翻译不查重,不计入论文抄袭。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料。 一般专业的学术网站,都会有相关的外文翻译,这个时候可以根据自己的论文话题,找到对应的学术网站去查找。

如果实在找不到相关的外文翻译,可以去请教有经验的老师,他们应该都会有相关的参考网站,自己也可以有方向地寻找。 扩展资料: 外文翻译需要注意的问题 一、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

二、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 三、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

四、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 五、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

六、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。  七、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

八、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。  九、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文。

6.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找

先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英

文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文

献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。

第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。

第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。

第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证与步骤; d.结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一,选题要新颖。

这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。

二,大量文献做基础

仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗

三,一气呵成

做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。

四,尽量采用多的专业术语

可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。

五,用正规格式书写

参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。

六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程

如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。

七,成稿打印好交给导师

无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。

八,听取导师意见,仔细修改

导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。

毕业论文外文资料翻译

毕业论文外文资料

1.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找,如:ELSEVIER数据库等

检索技巧:选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词;

包含常用词及专业词汇;如:kidney disease OR renal failure;

包括同义词和缩写形式;如:mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;

避免使用过于宽泛的词汇:如:influence;

使用单词的单数形式;

使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如:city---city,cities,city's,cities'

一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用;

优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT

例:genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning

(genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning

运用临近符进行作者检索

例: raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and

Raymond J.

2.求毕业论文外文资料~

1. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach Wikil Kwak, Yong Shi and Kooyul Jung The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA。

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Volume 20, Number 3 / 2003年5月 PDF (77.4 KB) 2. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Corporate Social Reporting in the European Context and Human Resource Disclosures: An Analysis of Finnish Companies Taru Vuontisjärvi 。interface between HR reporting (especially as based on measurements such as Human Resource Accounting and Intellectual Capital schools) and corporate social reporting practices. The results。

Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 69, Number 4 / 2006年12月 PDF (220.8 KB) 3. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human resource accounting Carme Barcons-Vilardell, Soledad Moya-Gutierrez, Antonio Somoza-López, Josep Vallverdú-Calafell and Carlos Griful-Miquela Abstract Human resources is an old field of research in economics, as reflected by accounting treatments. This paper reviews this。International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3 / 1999年8月 PDF (571.7 KB) 4. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 A Machine Learning Application for Human Resource Data Mining Problem Zhen Xu and Binheng Song 。

for problems with changing conditions. Human resource allocation is a kind of。Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PDF (238.9 KB) 5. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Human Capital Management Peter Friederichs and Monika Labes Dieses einführende Kapitel geht zunächst auf den Begriff Human Capital und dessen unterschiedliche ein. In einem kurzen Problemaufriss wird die。

Human Capital Management, Teil I PDF (216.3 KB) 6. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Fuzzy Logic Experience Model in Human Resource Management Zhen Xu, Binheng Song and Liang Chen 。of most important functions in human resource management. It presents a new。

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems PDF (209.7 KB) 7. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert A. Mickler Environmental Management, Volume 33, Number 4 / 2004年8月 PDF (135.0 KB)HTML 8. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of stakeholder attitudes and implications for conflict management Keith Marshall, Rehema White and Anke Fischer Abstract Conflicts involving wildlife are, in essence, often conflicts between human parties with differing wildlife management objectives. However, the study and management of。Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16, Number 11 / 2007年10月 PDF (494.6 KB)HTML 9. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 For the Knowledge Society: How to Involve Human Resources in Gaming Arata Ichikawa and Mieko Nakamura Gaming, Simulations, and Society, Part IV PDF (179.4 KB) 10. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes Justyna M. Szamalek, Violaine Goidts, David N. Cooper, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki Abstract The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences。

Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。

3.英文文献格式

[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧,是他们的成就的表现。

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。

呵呵 你看看,对你有帮助:毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.6.研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.7.条例 【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期 【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著 【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者,译.出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。

4.【急求

Role of Enterprise Strategy Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. Strategy should be a stretch exercise, not a fit exercise. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. Strategy is the way in which a company orients itself towards the market in which it operates and towards the other companies in the marketplace against which it competes. It is a plan an organization formulates to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition. The central strategic issue: why different companies, facing the same environment, perform differently. Strategy answers the following questions: what are the sources of the company's sustainable competitive advantage? how a company will position itself against competition in the market over the long run to secure a sustainable competitive advantage? what are the key strategic priorities? Strategy is an agreed-on guide to action that should lead business to success in the marketplace by satisfying customer needs better than the competition does. Strategy formulation is the major task for the company entrepreneur and CEO, but it is the task of middle managers and project managers to carry this strategy out and turn it into results. Strategic Leadership As a strategic leader your prime responsibility is to ensure that your organization is going in the right direction. To be able to identify the right strategy and pursue it to the desired result, you need to master two important functions: strategic thinking and strategic planning. Ten Major Schools of Strategic Management Ten deeply embedded, though quite narrow, concepts typically dominate current thinking on strategy. These range from the early Design and Planning schools to the more recent Learning, Cultural and Environmental Schools8 New Approaches to Strategy Formulation The currently dominant view of strategy is the resource-based theory. Traditional strategy models, such as Michael Porter's five forces model, focus on the company's external competitive environment. Most of them do not attempt to look inside the company. In contrast, the resource-based perspective highlights the need for a fit between the external market context in which a company operates and its internal capabilities. According to this view, a company's competitive advantage derives from its ability to assemble and exploit an appropriate combination of resources. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by continuously developing existing and creating new resources and capabilities in response to rapidly changing market conditions. In relation to the 10 traditional approaches, today, strategy formulation should also be a combination of them - judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it should be about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to involve individual cognition and social interaction, co-operative as well as conflictive; it must include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during; and all of this must be in response to what can be a demanding environment.8 Blue Ocean Strategy: 6 Principles Blue ocean strategy is about revolutionary value innovation. The six principles drive the successful formulation and execution of Blue Ocean Strategy. These principles attenuate the six risks。

More Balanced Organization: 5 Basic Elements Empowered Employees (Metal): Building Your Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is the prolonged benefit of implementing some unique value-creating strategy based on unique combination of internal organizational resources and capabilities that cannot be replicated by competitors。 More SWOT Analysis: Questions To Answer What is your strongest business asset? What unique resources do you have? What do you offer that makes you stand out from the rest?。

More Your Strategic Intent Strategic intent is a high-level statement of the means by which your organization will achieve its vision. It is a core component of your dynamic strategy. Strategic intent cannot be planned all in advance. It must evolve on the basis of experience during its implementation。 More Market Leadership Strategies The market leader is dominant in its industry and has substantial market share. If you want to lead the market, you must be the industry leader in developing new business models and new products or services. You must be on the cutting edge of new t。

5.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。

6.求毕业论文的英文文献

如需全文,请发邮箱过来Electronic trading platforms and the cost-effective distribution of open market option (OMO) pension annuities AbstractOver the next years, the ageing profile of the UK population will lead to a sharp increase in the volumes of pension annuity sales. Every individual that participates in a defined contribution occupational or a personal pension scheme is obliged to convert the capital accumulated into a regular post-retirement income by purchasing an annuity before the age of 75. To ensure a more competitive market the UK Financial Services Authority has ruled that from 1 September 2002 pensioners must be informed that they have the right to purchase their annuities from suppliers other than their current pension provider—this is termed exercising an open market option (OMO).However, the complicated nature of pensions and annuities means the purchase of an annuity is highly dependent upon the information provided by the sellers of these products and the advice received. Given that OMO's are supposed to encourage purchasers to be able to access information on a whole range of annuities from the various suppliers in the market, a single web-based hub that linked manufacturers, distributors and existing industry portals seemed the obvious solution to the challenges facing the industry following the government legislation. However, while the industry recognised that a single product purchasing and servicing system would meet the data management needs of all its stakeholders and carry enormous potential to realise cost and business process efficiencies, the competitive nature of the industry and the slow decision making processes within the individual companies has meant that the project to build 'The Annuity Exchange' has suffered a number of setbacks and delays.This article describes the business case for 'The Annuity Exchange', its objectives and design, and the technical/industry engagement issues it has faced.Keywords: E-commerce; Financial services; Pension annuitiesArticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background: the UK pensions system and the regulatory structure of advice2.1. Recent trends in the UK pensions system2.2. The changing structure of advice3. Previous information management strategies and their shortcomings4. An industry-wide dynamic quotations model4.1. Access to the intermediary portal4.2. Costs and benefits of The Annuity Exchange4.3. Issues with The Annuity Exchange project5. 。

7.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。 扩展资料: 外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。

  8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。  9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文。

8.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找,如:ELSEVIER数据库等检索技巧:选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词;包含常用词及专业词汇;如:kidney disease OR renal failure;包括同义词和缩写形式;如:mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;避免使用过于宽泛的词汇:如:influence;使用单词的单数形式;使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如:city---city,cities,city's,cities'一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用;优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT 例:genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning (genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning 运用临近符进行作者检索 例: raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and Raymond J。

毕业论文外文资料

毕业论文外文资料

1.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找,如:ELSEVIER数据库等

检索技巧:选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词;

包含常用词及专业词汇;如:kidney disease OR renal failure;

包括同义词和缩写形式;如:mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;

避免使用过于宽泛的词汇:如:influence;

使用单词的单数形式;

使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如:city---city,cities,city's,cities'

一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用;

优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT

例:genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning

(genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning

运用临近符进行作者检索

例: raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and

Raymond J.

2.求毕业论文外文资料~

1. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach Wikil Kwak, Yong Shi and Kooyul Jung The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA。

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Volume 20, Number 3 / 2003年5月 PDF (77.4 KB) 2. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Corporate Social Reporting in the European Context and Human Resource Disclosures: An Analysis of Finnish Companies Taru Vuontisjärvi 。interface between HR reporting (especially as based on measurements such as Human Resource Accounting and Intellectual Capital schools) and corporate social reporting practices. The results。

Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 69, Number 4 / 2006年12月 PDF (220.8 KB) 3. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human resource accounting Carme Barcons-Vilardell, Soledad Moya-Gutierrez, Antonio Somoza-López, Josep Vallverdú-Calafell and Carlos Griful-Miquela Abstract Human resources is an old field of research in economics, as reflected by accounting treatments. This paper reviews this。International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3 / 1999年8月 PDF (571.7 KB) 4. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 A Machine Learning Application for Human Resource Data Mining Problem Zhen Xu and Binheng Song 。

for problems with changing conditions. Human resource allocation is a kind of。Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PDF (238.9 KB) 5. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Human Capital Management Peter Friederichs and Monika Labes Dieses einführende Kapitel geht zunächst auf den Begriff Human Capital und dessen unterschiedliche ein. In einem kurzen Problemaufriss wird die。

Human Capital Management, Teil I PDF (216.3 KB) 6. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Fuzzy Logic Experience Model in Human Resource Management Zhen Xu, Binheng Song and Liang Chen 。of most important functions in human resource management. It presents a new。

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems PDF (209.7 KB) 7. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert A. Mickler Environmental Management, Volume 33, Number 4 / 2004年8月 PDF (135.0 KB)HTML 8. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of stakeholder attitudes and implications for conflict management Keith Marshall, Rehema White and Anke Fischer Abstract Conflicts involving wildlife are, in essence, often conflicts between human parties with differing wildlife management objectives. However, the study and management of。Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16, Number 11 / 2007年10月 PDF (494.6 KB)HTML 9. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 For the Knowledge Society: How to Involve Human Resources in Gaming Arata Ichikawa and Mieko Nakamura Gaming, Simulations, and Society, Part IV PDF (179.4 KB) 10. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes Justyna M. Szamalek, Violaine Goidts, David N. Cooper, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki Abstract The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences。

Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。

3.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。

4.【急求

Role of Enterprise Strategy Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. Strategy should be a stretch exercise, not a fit exercise. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. Strategy is the way in which a company orients itself towards the market in which it operates and towards the other companies in the marketplace against which it competes. It is a plan an organization formulates to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition. The central strategic issue: why different companies, facing the same environment, perform differently. Strategy answers the following questions: what are the sources of the company's sustainable competitive advantage? how a company will position itself against competition in the market over the long run to secure a sustainable competitive advantage? what are the key strategic priorities? Strategy is an agreed-on guide to action that should lead business to success in the marketplace by satisfying customer needs better than the competition does. Strategy formulation is the major task for the company entrepreneur and CEO, but it is the task of middle managers and project managers to carry this strategy out and turn it into results. Strategic Leadership As a strategic leader your prime responsibility is to ensure that your organization is going in the right direction. To be able to identify the right strategy and pursue it to the desired result, you need to master two important functions: strategic thinking and strategic planning. Ten Major Schools of Strategic Management Ten deeply embedded, though quite narrow, concepts typically dominate current thinking on strategy. These range from the early Design and Planning schools to the more recent Learning, Cultural and Environmental Schools8 New Approaches to Strategy Formulation The currently dominant view of strategy is the resource-based theory. Traditional strategy models, such as Michael Porter's five forces model, focus on the company's external competitive environment. Most of them do not attempt to look inside the company. In contrast, the resource-based perspective highlights the need for a fit between the external market context in which a company operates and its internal capabilities. According to this view, a company's competitive advantage derives from its ability to assemble and exploit an appropriate combination of resources. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by continuously developing existing and creating new resources and capabilities in response to rapidly changing market conditions. In relation to the 10 traditional approaches, today, strategy formulation should also be a combination of them - judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it should be about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to involve individual cognition and social interaction, co-operative as well as conflictive; it must include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during; and all of this must be in response to what can be a demanding environment.8 Blue Ocean Strategy: 6 Principles Blue ocean strategy is about revolutionary value innovation. The six principles drive the successful formulation and execution of Blue Ocean Strategy. These principles attenuate the six risks。

More Balanced Organization: 5 Basic Elements Empowered Employees (Metal): Building Your Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is the prolonged benefit of implementing some unique value-creating strategy based on unique combination of internal organizational resources and capabilities that cannot be replicated by competitors。 More SWOT Analysis: Questions To Answer What is your strongest business asset? What unique resources do you have? What do you offer that makes you stand out from the rest?。

More Your Strategic Intent Strategic intent is a high-level statement of the means by which your organization will achieve its vision. It is a core component of your dynamic strategy. Strategic intent cannot be planned all in advance. It must evolve on the basis of experience during its implementation。 More Market Leadership Strategies The market leader is dominant in its industry and has substantial market share. If you want to lead the market, you must be the industry leader in developing new business models and new products or services. You must be on the cutting edge of new t。

5.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找,如:ELSEVIER数据库等检索技巧:选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词;包含常用词及专业词汇;如:kidney disease OR renal failure;包括同义词和缩写形式;如:mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;避免使用过于宽泛的词汇:如:influence;使用单词的单数形式;使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如:city---city,cities,city's,cities'一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用;优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT 例:genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning (genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning 运用临近符进行作者检索 例: raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and Raymond J。

6.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的,只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。 扩展资料: 外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。

  8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。  9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文。

7.求毕业论文的英文文献

如需全文,请发邮箱过来Electronic trading platforms and the cost-effective distribution of open market option (OMO) pension annuities AbstractOver the next years, the ageing profile of the UK population will lead to a sharp increase in the volumes of pension annuity sales. Every individual that participates in a defined contribution occupational or a personal pension scheme is obliged to convert the capital accumulated into a regular post-retirement income by purchasing an annuity before the age of 75. To ensure a more competitive market the UK Financial Services Authority has ruled that from 1 September 2002 pensioners must be informed that they have the right to purchase their annuities from suppliers other than their current pension provider—this is termed exercising an open market option (OMO).However, the complicated nature of pensions and annuities means the purchase of an annuity is highly dependent upon the information provided by the sellers of these products and the advice received. Given that OMO's are supposed to encourage purchasers to be able to access information on a whole range of annuities from the various suppliers in the market, a single web-based hub that linked manufacturers, distributors and existing industry portals seemed the obvious solution to the challenges facing the industry following the government legislation. However, while the industry recognised that a single product purchasing and servicing system would meet the data management needs of all its stakeholders and carry enormous potential to realise cost and business process efficiencies, the competitive nature of the industry and the slow decision making processes within the individual companies has meant that the project to build 'The Annuity Exchange' has suffered a number of setbacks and delays.This article describes the business case for 'The Annuity Exchange', its objectives and design, and the technical/industry engagement issues it has faced.Keywords: E-commerce; Financial services; Pension annuitiesArticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background: the UK pensions system and the regulatory structure of advice2.1. Recent trends in the UK pensions system2.2. The changing structure of advice3. Previous information management strategies and their shortcomings4. An industry-wide dynamic quotations model4.1. Access to the intermediary portal4.2. Costs and benefits of The Annuity Exchange4.3. Issues with The Annuity Exchange project5. 。

8.毕业论文中的外文文献翻译,有什么要求

原发布者:ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、黑体字、居中打印;2.正文:采用小四号、宋体字,行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为:1.题目:采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文:采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注:五号,TimesNewRoman,顺序为作者.题目.出处,五、封面格式由学校统一制作(注:封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目,封面中文小四号宋体,英文小四号TimesNewRoman),六、装订:左侧均匀装订,上下共两个钉,并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

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