众文网1.毕业论文中的外文文献怎么写啊,我做的是访客通安全管理系统
14.4.2 外文文献
各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文示例相同；为了计算机检索方便，建议题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写，期刊的刊名等可用全称或按ISO 4规定的缩写格式。为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差，建议以（SXXXX-XXXX）格式在刊名后加ISSN号。例：
[24]JONES R M.Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York:McGraw Hill Book Company,1975.
[25]Marcel Merle.Sociologie des Relations Internationales[M]. 4th ed. Paris: Dalloz,1988.
[26]CHERNIK B E. Introduction to Library Services for Library Technicians[M]. Littleton,Colo.:Libraries Unlimited,Inc,1982.
[27]International Federation of Library Association and Institutions.Names of Persons:National Usages for Entry in Catalogues[M]. 3rd ed.London:IFLA International Office for UBC,1977ر
[28]Klaus Hildbrand.Das Drite Reich[M].Müchen:Bund-Verlag GmbH,1979.
[29]Григорян С В.Рудничная Геохимия[M].Москва： Недра，1992.
2.毕业设计中的外文翻译到底写什么,文献综述呢
毕业设计中的外文翻译就是内容提要，有一些导师会要求写成摘要，把内容提要的中文版翻译成英文即可。
值得一提的是，内容提要下方的关键字也需要翻译成英文。内容提要是全文内容的缩影。
在这里，作者以极经济的笔墨，勾画出全文的整体面目；提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。内容提要是正文的附属部分，一般放置在论文的篇首。
写作内容提要的目的在于：1.为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时，先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解，知道研究所取得的主要成果，研究的主要逻辑顺序。2.为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要，就能大略了解作者所研究的问题，假如产生共鸣，则再进一步阅读全文。
在这里，内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。因此，内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。
论文提要要求写得简明而又全面，不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋，缺乏说明观点的材料。内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。
报道性提要，主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等，对文章内容的提示较全面。指示性提要，只简要地叙述研究的成果（数据、看法、意见、结论等），对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。
毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。文献综述简称综述，是对某一领域，某一专业或某一方面的课题、问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料，然后通过分析、阅读、整理、提炼当前课题、问题或研究专题的最新进展、学术见解或建议，对其做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。
文献综述，一般都包含以下四部分：摘要、引言、主体和参考文献。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法、结果、动态和进展。
扩展资料：文献综述看似简单，其实是一项高难度的工作。在国外，宏观的或者是比较系统的文献综述通常都是由一个领域里的顶级“大牛”来做的。
在现有研究方法的著作中，都有关于文献综述的指导，然而无论是教授文献综述课的教师还是学习该课程的学生，大多实际上没有对其给予足够的重视。而到了真正自己来做研究，便发现综述实在是困难。
以下为注意事项：⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提，否则，随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。
⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同，有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异，因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。
⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析，因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容，不能篡改文献的内容。
引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。
如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来，这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当，有无谬误，综述作者是不知道的，所以最好不要间接转引文献。⒋ 参考文献不能省略。
有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略，但文献综述绝对不能省略，而且应是文中引用过的，能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。5.综述篇幅不可太长。
杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时，往往不注意这点，造成虚话、空话较多，重点不突出。
综述一般不宜超过4000字。综述并不是简单的文献罗列，综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。
有的综述只是将文献罗列，看上去像流水账，没有作者自己的综合与分析，使人看后感到重复、费解，材料与评述不协调。6.一些作者似乎把论文的引言看成是一种形式，是可有可无的部分，将引言的写作和正文的写作相分离，只是为了给论文加一顶帽子。
常见的现象是，一般化地论述研究的重要性，甚至从技术所涉及的行业在国民经济中的地位开始谈起，就像一篇领导的讲话稿。就是落脚于研究的主题，也是从宏观谈起到微观结束，停留在一般性的论述较多。
显然，这样做的结果是使读者无法准确地判断“论文命题”的具体价值，缺少对当前研究状况的概括和介绍，不知道作者的研究与以往的研究工作有什么不同？因此，科技论文的引言必须交代研究工作的背景，概括性地论述所研究问题的现状。对研究现状的论述，不仅是考查作者对资料的占有程度和熟悉程度，更重要的是从资料的全面程度和新旧程度可以判断研究工作的意义和价值，以及研究结果的可信度。
7. 引文罗列，缺少分析和概括。引言不仅要反映背景的广度，更重要的是要考查作者对研究背景了解的深度。
一般作者对研究的问题了解不深，在介绍研究现状时往往是列出一大堆参考文献，罗列出不同研究者的不同作法和结论，缺乏作者的分析和归纳，没有概括出研究的成果和存在的问题，有的甚至将一些与本文研究没有直接关系的文献也列在其中，片面地强调资料占有的丰富性。尽管有人认为，对研究现状的介绍不同的杂志有不同的要求，但从论文写作的角度出发，引言的目的是阐述论文命题的意义，而并非是研究资料的综述，尽管综述对读者查找资料提供了方便。
因此，应当用作者自己的语言概括出研究的现状，特别是存在的难点和不足。
3.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容
《关于毕业论文书写格式》 关于毕业论文书写格式 （参考某一学校的要求） 论文书写格式 论文全部要采用word 来书写，文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”，其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。
学位论文一般应包括下述几部分： 论文首页格式： 其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字，其余用宋体四号字 论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，简明、恰当，一般不超过25个字。 中文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）： 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要，应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影，尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和 新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出，通俗易懂，少用公式字母，语言力求精炼、准确。
4 在本页的最下方另起一行，注明本文的关键词3╠5个。 英文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）： 论文第三页为英文摘要，内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。
学校名称：东北师范大学 院（系）名称：计算机系 本科生学号： 学 位 论 文 题 目 学 科、专 业：计算机科学技术 本科生姓名： _____ _ 指导教师姓名：_________ 指导教师职称：___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会 年 月 摘 要（粗宋体居中四号字） （空一行） 摘要内容（宋体5号左对齐） （空一行） 关键词：词1、词2 目录： 论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下： 计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一 二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章 计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中：“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字；“节”部分采用宋体5号字 引言（或序言）（宋体5号字b5排版）： 内容为本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题，该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。
正文是学位论文的主体： 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行，每行32个字。
页码打印在页面下方中间位置， 论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系 学士学位论文”，偶数页使用论文题目的名称。
4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续（或 分章）编号。图序及图名置于图的下方；表序及表名置于表的上方；论文中的公式编号， 用括弧括起写在右边行末，其间不加虚线。
4 学位论文一律在左侧装订，要求装订、剪切整齐，便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。
宋体3号字居中显示 （空一行） §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示 （空一行） 粗宋体5号字左起 正文部分宋体5号字，语言要简练，不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。
参考文献： 按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。
文献是图书时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。 附录： 包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复 性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。
4.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分
Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。
5.求毕业论文外文资料~
1. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach Wikil Kwak, Yong Shi and Kooyul Jung The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA。
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Volume 20, Number 3 / 2003年5月 PDF (77.4 KB) 2. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Corporate Social Reporting in the European Context and Human Resource Disclosures: An Analysis of Finnish Companies Taru Vuontisjärvi 。interface between HR reporting (especially as based on measurements such as Human Resource Accounting and Intellectual Capital schools) and corporate social reporting practices. The results。
Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 69, Number 4 / 2006年12月 PDF (220.8 KB) 3. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Human resource accounting Carme Barcons-Vilardell, Soledad Moya-Gutierrez, Antonio Somoza-López, Josep Vallverdú-Calafell and Carlos Griful-Miquela Abstract Human resources is an old field of research in economics, as reflected by accounting treatments. This paper reviews this。International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3 / 1999年8月 PDF (571.7 KB) 4. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 A Machine Learning Application for Human Resource Data Mining Problem Zhen Xu and Binheng Song 。
for problems with changing conditions. Human resource allocation is a kind of。Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PDF (238.9 KB) 5. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Human Capital Management Peter Friederichs and Monika Labes Dieses einführende Kapitel geht zunächst auf den Begriff Human Capital und dessen unterschiedliche ein. In einem kurzen Problemaufriss wird die。
Human Capital Management, Teil I PDF (216.3 KB) 6. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 Fuzzy Logic Experience Model in Human Resource Management Zhen Xu, Binheng Song and Liang Chen 。of most important functions in human resource management. It presents a new。
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems PDF (209.7 KB) 7. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert A. Mickler Environmental Management, Volume 33, Number 4 / 2004年8月 PDF (135.0 KB)HTML 8. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of stakeholder attitudes and implications for conflict management Keith Marshall, Rehema White and Anke Fischer Abstract Conflicts involving wildlife are, in essence, often conflicts between human parties with differing wildlife management objectives. However, the study and management of。Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16, Number 11 / 2007年10月 PDF (494.6 KB)HTML 9. 添加入标记条目中 图书章节 For the Knowledge Society: How to Involve Human Resources in Gaming Arata Ichikawa and Mieko Nakamura Gaming, Simulations, and Society, Part IV PDF (179.4 KB) 10. 添加入标记条目中 期刊文章 Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes Justyna M. Szamalek, Violaine Goidts, David N. Cooper, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki Abstract The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences。
Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。
6.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分
Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an importa。
7.写本科毕业论文要写外文文献,急
英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文
英语论文类文章1001篇，里面有很多的：）~
英文的毕业论文
或：）
英语毕业论文[1829]
毕业论文的引文[208]
毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]
毕业论文的评价[83]
教育论文网：）很多的
英语论文：）
UMI外文博硕论文库
Springer外文期刊
EBSCO外文期刊
OCLC NetLibrary图书
SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载
万方外文传递系统
西文期刊目次数据库（CCC）
两种外刊在线
美国石油工程师学会（SPE）会议论文
cnpLINKer（中图链接服务）
Socolar（教图链接服务）
以上网站也可以找到，只是收费的.
答案补充
你自己一点也不出力啊？自己找！！！