毕业论文外文资料翻译

1. 毕业论文内容外文资料(求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分)

2. 机械毕业论文外文翻(求一篇机械类外文翻译外文原文包含出处和参考文献)

3. 毕业论文外文资料怎么找(请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找)

4. 毕业论文外文要几片(毕业论文要求至少有三篇外文文献能不能是中国人用外文写的)

毕业论文内容外文资料(求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分)

1.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

Improve the urban medical service system of China's Countermeasures Community health service is to urbanization with Chinese characteristics with the health care system an important component of the. Community health services in community work as an important component of the various parts are actively promoting this work, and some have achieved good results. However, the construction of the current community health service there are still major problems to the following: First, the development of community awareness of the importance of health services is not in place. Community health services should be the basic medical insurance is a major commitment, and it can be a timely, convenient and economical way to provide insurance services, rational and effective use of medical insurance fund. Only do a good job of community building can be the most direct and convenient for the general population, a good, efficient service. However, some of the staff of local health services to develop community awareness of the importance of also not enough. Some think that hospitals, health centers, abundant resources, has been able to meet the need, and there is no need for further development of community health service organizations; Some think we should go with the flow development, it is not necessary to vigorously promote the development of awareness of less than urgency. In recognition of the bias, a number of local community health service lags behind the building of socio-economic development lags behind medical insurance and health, medicine circulation system reform, health services lags behind the demand for urban development. Secondly, the expansion of community health service functions are not in place. Community health service as a product of urbanization, the demand for its functions as the guide is based on the residents, for residents to provide preventive, medical, health, rehabilitation, health education, family planning, "Six in One" integrated health services. However, in actual operation, there is understanding in some areas of misunderstanding. Some believe that the community health services similar to the grass-roots hospitals, but is set by the district offices, for more than a brand; some believe that the community health services is only secondary and tertiary hospitals to district offices sent a number of branches. In the provision of services, and some believe that the main headache for the treatment of patients with influenza, vaccination for children, such as disease prevention. This function of community health services, one-sided understanding of the impact of a community health service institutions and functions of standardized construction brought into full play. Third, the community health care measures are not in place. The development of community health services, not only to keep up with the hardware construction, and the need for sound policies and measures. At present, the absence of a unified planning or planning is not scientific, in some areas of community health service agencies, hospitals or the streets from the hospital transfer form to send agencies, personnel, shortage of funds, facilities, backward, obsolete equipment; affected the normal work process. Not even a lot of community health services, development is very uneven. In terms of software development, taxation, prices and other preferential policies in place, two-way referral system is established, not covered by medical insurance institutions, the limited community health services, economic difficulties, the slow development. Fourth, inadequate personnel training mechanism. Community health service need is general practitioners, and the establishment of China's medical education system in general. At present, engaged in community health services, health care workers, mainly low-level specialist qualifications or other industries to switch from non-school medical staff, some staff had only received a small number of special education. Whether it is health care personnel or nursing staff, in terms of quantity and quality are far failed to meet the development needs of community health services. Strategies to address these problems: First, the practical importance of community health services building. The development of community health services, not only can effectively satisfy the growing urban demand for health services, but also conducive to urban health service system to adjust the structure, function and layout, to improve efficiency, reduce costs and at the same time, the stability of the urban basic medical insurance system operation, but also plays an 。

2.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容

《关于毕业论文书写格式》关于毕业论文书写格式（参考某一学校的要求）论文书写格式论文全部要采用word 来书写，文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”，其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。

学位论文一般应包括下述几部分：论文首页格式：其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字，其余用宋体四号字论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，简明、恰当，一般不超过25个字。中文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）： 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要，应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。

学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影，尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出，通俗易懂，少用公式字母，语言力求精炼、准确。

4 在本页的最下方另起一行，注明本文的关键词3╠5个。英文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）：论文第三页为英文摘要，内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。

学校名称：东北师范大学院（系）名称：计算机系本科生学号：学位论文题目学科、专业：计算机科学技术本科生姓名： _____ _ 指导教师姓名：_________ 指导教师职称：___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会年月摘要（粗宋体居中四号字）（空一行）摘要内容（宋体5号左对齐）（空一行）关键词：词1、词2 目录：论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下：计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中：“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字；“节”部分采用宋体5号字引言（或序言）（宋体5号字b5排版）：内容为本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题，该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。

正文是学位论文的主体： 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行，每行32个字。

页码打印在页面下方中间位置，论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系学士学位论文”，偶数页使用论文题目的名称。

4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续（或分章）编号。图序及图名置于图的下方；表序及表名置于表的上方；论文中的公式编号，用括弧括起写在右边行末，其间不加虚线。

4 学位论文一律在左侧装订，要求装订、剪切整齐，便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。

宋体3号字居中显示（空一行） §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示（空一行）粗宋体5号字左起正文部分宋体5号字，语言要简练，不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。

参考文献：按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

文献是图书时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。附录：包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

3.求毕业论文的英文文献

如需全文，请发邮箱过来Electronic trading platforms and the cost-effective distribution of open market option (OMO) pension annuities AbstractOver the next years, the ageing profile of the UK population will lead to a sharp increase in the volumes of pension annuity sales. Every individual that participates in a defined contribution occupational or a personal pension scheme is obliged to convert the capital accumulated into a regular post-retirement income by purchasing an annuity before the age of 75. To ensure a more competitive market the UK Financial Services Authority has ruled that from 1 September 2002 pensioners must be informed that they have the right to purchase their annuities from suppliers other than their current pension provider—this is termed exercising an open market option (OMO).However, the complicated nature of pensions and annuities means the purchase of an annuity is highly dependent upon the information provided by the sellers of these products and the advice received. Given that OMO's are supposed to encourage purchasers to be able to access information on a whole range of annuities from the various suppliers in the market, a single web-based hub that linked manufacturers, distributors and existing industry portals seemed the obvious solution to the challenges facing the industry following the government legislation. However, while the industry recognised that a single product purchasing and servicing system would meet the data management needs of all its stakeholders and carry enormous potential to realise cost and business process efficiencies, the competitive nature of the industry and the slow decision making processes within the individual companies has meant that the project to build 'The Annuity Exchange' has suffered a number of setbacks and delays.This article describes the business case for 'The Annuity Exchange', its objectives and design, and the technical/industry engagement issues it has faced.Keywords: E-commerce; Financial services; Pension annuitiesArticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background: the UK pensions system and the regulatory structure of advice2.1. Recent trends in the UK pensions system2.2. The changing structure of advice3. Previous information management strategies and their shortcomings4. An industry-wide dynamic quotations model4.1. Access to the intermediary portal4.2. Costs and benefits of The Annuity Exchange4.3. Issues with The Annuity Exchange project5. 。

4.毕业论文摘要英文

Nowadays, our domestic private enterprises have developed, and successively emerge a number of large and medium-sized private enterprise with abundant strength, and private enterprises in absorbing employment personnel, increase the fiscal revenue plays an increasingly important role. At present, however, the overall competitiveness of domestic enterprises is weak, plus a foreign-capital enterprise after China's entry into wto, China's entering domestic enterprises, especially private enterprises are faced with severe tests. How to improve the private enterprise of domestic enterprises, especially the synthesis competitive ability, the dilemma that has become a top priority. Now a general consensus of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is essentially the enterprise brand competition, promote enterprise's brand value, completes the brand strategy to improve the competitiveness of enterprises is one of the essential factors.Based on the combination of theory with case analysis method, different from the Angle of private enterprise of brand positioning and brand strategy, analyzes the problems faced by private enterprise of the form and the problems and solutions, and ultimately selected for different levels of strategy, and then give the private enterprise strategy of brand positioning and the research provides a reference.The letter divides into three parts, the first part of this enterprise and brand strategy: the second part of a concrete analysis of private enterprise and brand strategy: the third part of the above problems are summarized and realistic meaning of the comments and Suggestions.。

5.论文外文文献及翻译

去百度文库，查看完整内容>内容来自用户：秦园园毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级：学号：姓名：学院：软件学院专业：指导教师：2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者：Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。

6.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。

扩展资料：

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文

7.毕业论文附件中的外文资料和翻译要检测吗

毕业论文附件如果是和论文在同一个world中出现是检测计算相似率的，如果是分开来给老师，不和论文出现在一个world文档中。是不计算的，因为那个检测是同只要出现在上面的所有内容都会与期刊数据库，和论文数据库进行对比。

抄袭之后最后修改一下，比如改下表达方式，

知网系统计算标准详细说明：

1.看了一下这个系统的介绍，有个疑问，这套系统对于文字复制鉴别还是不错的，但对于其他方面的内容呢，比如数据，图表，能检出来吗？检不出来的话不还是没什么用吗？

学术不端的各种行为中，文字复制是最为普遍和严重的，目前本检测系统对文字复制的检测已经达到相当高的水平，对于图表、公式、数据的抄袭和篡改等行为的检测，目前正在研发当中，且取得了比较大的进展，欢迎各位继续关注本检测系统的进展并多提批评性及建设性意见和建议。

2.按照这个系统39%以下的都是显示黄色，那么是否意味着在可容忍的限度内呢？最近看到对上海大学某教师的国家社科基金课题被撤消的消息，原因是其发表的两篇论文有抄袭行为，分别占到25%和30%. 请明示超过多少算是警戒线？

百分比只是描述检测文献中重合文字所占的比例大小程度，并不是指该文献的抄袭严重程度。只能这么说，百分比越大，重合字数越多，存在抄袭的可能性越大。是否属于抄袭及抄袭的严重程度需由专家审查后决定。

3.如何防止学位论文学术不端行为检测系统成为个人报复的平台？

这也是我们在认真考虑的事情，目前这套检测系统还只是在机构一级用户使用。我们制定了一套严格的管理流程。同时，在技术上，我们也采取了多种手段来最大可能的防止恶意行为，包括一系列严格的身份认证，日志记录等。

4.最小检测单位是句子，那么在每句话里改动一两个字就检测不出来了么？

我们对句子也有相应的处理，有一个句子相似性的算法。并不是句子完全一样才判断为相同。句子有句子级的相似算法，段落有段落级的相似算法，计算一篇文献，一段话是否与其他文献文字相似，是在此基础上综合得出的。

5.如果是从相关书籍上摘下来的原话，但是此话已经被数据库中的相关文献也抄了进去，也就是说前面的文章也从相关书籍上摘了相同的话，但是我的论文中标注的这段话来自相关的书籍，这个算不算学术抄袭？

检测系统不下结论，是不是抄袭最后还有人工审查这一关，所以，如果是您描述的这种情况，专家会有相应判断。我们的系统只是提供各种线索和依据，让人能够快速掌握检测文献的信息。

6.知网检测系统的权威性？

学术不端文献检测系统并不下结论，即检测系统并不对检测文献定性，只是将检测文献中与其他已发表文献中的雷同部分陈列出来，列出客观事实，而这篇检测文献是否属于学术不端，需专家做最后的审查确认。

你好，希望我们可以帮你。硕士本科毕业论文写作是我们特长，我们的服务特色：

支持支付宝交易，保证你的资金安全。3种服务方式，文章多重审核，保证文章质量。附送抄袭检测报告，让你用得放心。修改不限次数，再刁难的老师也能过。赞同20| 评论

8.毕业论文外文文献翻译

去百度文库，查看完整内容> 内容来自用户：秦园园毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级：学号：姓名：学院：软件学院专业：指导教师：2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者：Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。

毕业论文内容外文资料

机械毕业论文外文翻(求一篇机械类外文翻译外文原文包含出处和参考文献)

1.求一篇机械类外文翻译（外文原文包含出处和参考文献）

不同期刊上的外文文献格式并不完全一致，但大多都是在边角处页码的前面显示期刊名称和卷号，写法多样。

比如：

The Journal of Hand Surgery / Vol. 21A No. 2 March 1996

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Vol.29 No.2

Journal of Cell Science 122 (17)

前面的英文是期刊名称（即出处），后面的是卷号。

在写参考文献时，格式要依据你想投稿的期刊而调整，按对方的常用格式来。可以使用Endnote等文献管理软件来调整格式，会方便不少。

1、有些期刊的格式是在文中标注数字，然后在全文结束后附上参考文献，按顺序写。

例如：

[1] Kunz-Schughart LA,Heder P.Schroeder J.et al. A heterologous 3-D coculture modeI of breast tumor cells and fibroblasts to study tumor-associated fibroblast differentiation[J].Exp

Cell Res, 2001.266(1):74-86.

（作者、文献标题、出处、年份、卷数、页码）

2、有些期刊会在文中引用部分后直接加括号，在括号里写参考文献。

例如：

……Previously, we showed that retinal progenitors, photoreceptors and RPE cells can be generated from ES cells by mimicking developmental processes in a stepwise fashion in vitro (Ikeda et al., 2005; Osakada et al.,2008; Osakada et al., 2009).

然后在全文结束后写对应的详情（常按首字母顺序排列）：

Ikeda, H., Osakada, F., Watanabe, K., Mizuseki, K., Haraguchi, T., Miyoshi, H., Kamiya, D., Honda, Y., Sasai, N., Yoshimura, N. et al. (2005). Generation of Rx+/Pax6+ neural retinal precursors from embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 11331-11336.

以上为我自己的经验，纯手打，望采纳~

2.求助：谁有机械方面毕业设计英语翻译的英文文章

Provided that underground work is much dangerous, we developed a mining top surface layer（顶板离层）automatic detecting system which is called KZL-300 aiming for backuping the safety of mining work. This system includes 4 parts which are SUBSTATION CONNECTION PART, DATA DISPLAY PART, DATA SAVE PART and ALARM PART. 1.SUBSTATION CONNECTION PART: The function of this part is connecting system with each substation 2.DATA DISPLAY PART:This part is used for displaying data got from serial-port 3.DATA SAVE PART:In this part, current data and alarm data would be saved 4.ALARM PART:Alarm data would be displayed in this part According to run this system, manager could observe the condition of top surface layer（顶板离层） in time, whenever the abnormal condition occer effective method would be determined and offered timely, as a result, the damage would be reduced.面对目前日益增加的计算机外围设备，各类设备驱动程序的编写就变的尤为重要。

本文介绍了操作系统下的设备驱动机制，WDM驱动程序的基本设计思路和重要思想，以及DriverStudio等开发工具的使用。 In the face of the increasing Computer Peripheral Equipments(CPE),the writing of the drivers of all kinds of equipment becomes particularly important.In this paper,I introduced the driving mechanism of the equipment in the operating system,the basic design concept and the important philosophy of the driving program of WDM,and the using of the development tools such as DriverStudio. 通过基础的驱动程序知识，利用开发工具生成一个简单的驱动程序的框架，包括即插即用、电源管理、WMI和读写操作等模块。

并通过此驱动程序中几个关键例程的分析，加深对WDM驱动程序开发的了解，以便对框架细节的添加，对USB驱动程序进行更深一步的设计，以做出满足自己需要的USB驱动程序。 A simple driving program frame will be created,which including the modes of plug and play,power management,WMI and read and write operation etc. by using the basic driving program knowledge and the development tools.And by analysing some key routines in this driving program,the comprehension of the WDM driving program development is intensified,so as to add details to the frame,make further design to the driving program of USB,and work out the USB driving program which will meet the demands of ourselves.。

3.跪求一篇关于机械类的外文文献附带中文翻译~~

You will learn about the effect of mold cooling, position of cooling channel, and cooling method for each part.The temperature of a mold has a great impact on molding.For example, if the temperature of the mold is too low, molten plastic will not flow smoothly through the runner or the gate, thus may not fill up in the cavity.On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, it will take too long to cool down and solidify the molten plastic, so the molding cycle will be longer.Therefore, by controlling the temperature of the mold, the following effects can be expected. Molding cycle can be shortened by reducing time for cooling and solidification of molten plastic. The surface quality or measurement accuracy of parts can be improved by better mold ability. Warp or stress in a part can be avoided that is caused when mold shrinkage varies due to different thickness, leading internal stress difference. Effective mold cooling is done by pouring cold water into the mold through a cooling channel. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Let''s see the detailed explanations of a cooling channel. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Position of Cooling Channel To effectively cool down a mold, decide on a position of the cooling channel considering the following remarks.Adjust the mold temperature by pouring a large amount of water having a temperature close to the temperature required for molding. Increase the number of the cooling channels rather than enlarge the diameter of one cooling channel. Make sure to cool a cores (insert) which are difficult to cool, such as a thick core, a large size slide core, or a loose core. Use mold material that has high heat conductivity to improve effectiveness of cold water. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cavity Cooling Position a cooling channel as shown in the figure below for cavity cooling.Since the numbers shown are for a general case, it is necessary to consider the position of a cooling channel according to molding material, molding shape, or mold material type.Also, the cold water should flow from where the temperature of molten plastic is higher (closer to the gate) in the same direction as the molten plastic flows. Example of 2 dimensional cooling channel Pour cold water over the top side of parts. Example of 3 dimensional cooling channel Pour cold water to wrap parts.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Core (Insert) Cooling The cooling methods of core (insert) are listed below: If the core is too small for a cooling channel to go through:Cools down the core by inserting a copper rod or heat pipe that is highly efficient in heat conduction into the core and then cooling down the copper rod or heat pipe. If the core is large enough to go through a cooling channel.Cools down by jet method in which cold water is flushed through a pipe attached to the channel. Regular core cooling:Cools down by baffle method in which a dividing plate is attached in the cooling channel on the core and cold water is poured to cross over the plate. If there is a large cooling channel in a core:Coolds down by inserting metal fittings in the cooling channel and pouring cold water in a spiral stream.If the core is too small for a cooling channel or heat pipe to go through:Make a core of beryllium copper and cool it down.。

4.求一篇机械毕业设计英文翻译

英文翻译：

One kind of full-automatic sole wash machine

INTRODUCTION

The originally pragmatic new model is clean machinery of one kind of brand-new household , bothering being used to scrub a sole , dispensing with to take off self's shoes entering a house, keeps the interior floor cleaning , applies to family room ，，在皮带毛刷下面设有一排托滚，与皮带毛刷相间的两侧设有支撑条，支撑条垂直的下面是固定支撑条的横向，横条固定在支架上，皮带托板和滚子轴穿过支撑条形成网状结构，水箱的前后两侧设有进出水口，水箱内设有挡板。本实用新型新颖，置于宾馆、商场、写字楼等公共场地门口，人们步行通过时，可避免鞋底污物、灰尘带入室内，既减轻保洁人员劳动强度，又保持卫生洁净空间。本实用新型有嵌入地面式和台阶式两种类型。

自动鞋底清洗机的用途

这种自动鞋底清洗机，将帮人们解除频繁拖擦地板的烦恼和脚臭带来的尴尬，以及病菌传播的危害。只需将脚往自动鞋底清洗机除尘轮上一靠，该机就自动转动洗刷，几秒钟后鞋底就干干净净。该机不仅实用于家庭，还实用于办公室、实验室、微机室、宾馆、影楼等。除此之外，该机还具有消毒功能，实用于医院、制药、食品生产等。有了自动鞋底清洗机后，进出房间不需换鞋，不用擦地板，以上诸多烦恼及危害都被解除。该产品上市后，家庭、企事业单位、宾馆、工厂等无处不需。目前国内外市场均是空白，该机的市场前景是无法估量的。

5.机械论文英文翻译

The thermodynamic calculation is the basis of the compressor calculation. With the help of the compressor-aided design system, the ordinary compressor is able to speed up its progress in calculation, which in turn reasonablizes the design; while the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor caused errors or inaccuracy when pictures are retrieved by hand and figures are not best chosen. It is towards this problem that the compressor-aided design system for the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor is made by digitalizing all the pictures and figures. This system will simplize the calculating process of the thermodynamic non-oil lubrication compressor, enable to select data on line, retrieve pictures and figures intelligently, output, save and print them and improve the accuracy and reliability of the calculating parameters as well.

Key words:compressor , thermodynamic calculation, aided design system, non-oil

6.机械论文英文翻译

Calculation of thermodynamic calculation is the basis of the compressor. General the calculation of the compressor in heat-aided design systems have a compressor to help would greatly speed up the design process so that a more rational design. Compressor lubricating oil and has no thermodynamic calculation, the calculation in manual access map errors, data are not consistent with the calculation of the selected request, the result of incorrect calculations or inaccurate. At present there is no response to any oil-lubricated compressor-assisted calculation system. By the calculation of the required number of charts, prepared without oil lubricated compressor Thermodynamics-aided design system, simplifies the success of any oil-lubricated compressor thermodynamic calculation process, the realization of the data required to calculate the line selection, Chaturvedi smart look-up table, the output of data, save and print, and to improve the accuracy of the calculation parameters and reliability.Key words thermal calculation compressor oil-free-aided design system希望能帮到你。

7.谁有机械毕业设计方面的英文和翻译

机械的资料.sg/books?hl=en&id=LmAV8q_OOOgC&dq=Mechanics&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=cG5UPfTZht&sig=-----------------------华文版本passes the movement of all matter in the universe under the four fundamental interactions (or forces): gravity, the strong and weak interactions, and the electromagnetic interaction.Mechanics also constitutes a central part of technology, the application of physical knowledge for humanly defined purposes. In this connection, the discipline is often known as engineering or applied mechanics. In this sense, mechanics is used to design and analyze the behavior of structures, mechanisms, and machines. Important aspects of the fields of mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering, materials engineering, biomedical engineering and biomechanics were spawned from the study of mechanics.Classical versus quantumThe major division of the mechanics discipline separates classical mechanics from quantum mechanics.Historically, classical mechanics came first, while quantum mechanics is a comparatively recent invention. Classical mechanics originated with Isaac Newton's Laws of motion in Principia Mathematica, while quantum mechanics didn't appear until 1900. Both are commonly held to constitute the most certain knowledge that exists about physical nature. Classical mechanics has especially often been viewed as a model for other so-called exact sciences. Essential in this respect is the relentless use of mathematics in theories, as well as the decisive role played by experiment in generating and testing them.Quantum mechanics is of a wider scope, as it encompasses classical mechanics as a sub-discipline which applies under certain restricted circumstances. According to the correspondence principle, there is no contradiction or conflict between the two subjects, each simply pertains to specific situations. Quantum mechanics has superseded classical mechanics at foundational level and is indispensable for the explanation and prediction of processes at molecular and (sub)atomic level. However, for macroscopical processes classical mechanics is able to solve problems which are unmanageably difficult in quantum mechanics and hence remains useful and well used.Einsteinian versus NewtonianAnalogous to the quantum versus classical reformation, Einstein's general and special theories of relativity have expanded the scope of mechanics beyond the mechanics of Newton and Galileo, and made small corrections to them. Relativistic corrections were also needed for quantum mechanics, although relativity is categorized as a classical theory.There are no contradictions or conflicts between the two, so long as the specific circumstances are carefully kept in mind. Just as one could, in the loosest possible sense, characterize classical mechanics as dealing with "large" bodies (such as engine parts), and quantum mechanics with "small" ones (such as particles), it could be said that relativistic mechanics deals with "fast" bodies, and non-relativistic mechanics with "slow" ones. However, "fast" and "slow" are subjective concepts, depending on the state of motion of the observer. This means that all mechanics, whether classical or quantum, potentially needs to be described relativistically. On the other hand, as an observer, one may frequently arrange the situation in such a way that this is not really required.Types of mechanical bodiesThus the often-used term body needs to stand for a wide assortment of objects, including particles, projectiles, spacecraft, stars, parts of machinery, parts of solids, parts of fluids (gases and liquids), etc.Other distinctions between the various sub-disciplines of mechanics, concern the nature of the bodies being described. Particles are bodies with little (known) internal structure, treated as mathematical 。

机械毕业论文外文翻

毕业论文外文资料怎么找(请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找)

1.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找

先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英

文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文

献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。

第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。

第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。

第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。

1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）

3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一，选题要新颖。

这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。

二，大量文献做基础

仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗

三，一气呵成

做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。

四，尽量采用多的专业术语

可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。

五，用正规格式书写

参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。

六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程

如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。

七，成稿打印好交给导师

无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。

八，听取导师意见，仔细修改

导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。

2.本科毕业外文翻译的外文文献在哪找呢

去你们学校网站上进入图书馆的主页，里面找到知网的入口，在里面搜索跟你做的毕业设计相关的关键词，搜索硕士博士论文，下载下来，硕士博士论文的参考文献里引用有外文文献题目（入果想要没被翻译过的，就看文献的发表日期，发表日期越新就越不容易被人翻译过），然后看看你们学校图书馆有没有购买SCI、EI等外文数据库，有的话直接将刚才的外文文献题目复制到外文数据库里，搜索就可以下载了，如果没有购买外文数据库的话，那就试试百度、谷歌等网站上能不能搜到这个题目，或者找外校的同学求助。

3.毕业论文的外文文献去哪里能找到比较好的

1、手工查找图书馆外文期刊

2、检索图书馆外文数据库

推荐两个外文数据库，分别是EBSCOhost()和WSN(）或SCIRUS()等外文搜索引擎。

4.英语专业毕业论文最后的外文资料在哪里找啊

1.一般学校里的图书馆都会有关于自己数据库、论文库的链接的，比方万方维普清华等等。基本都是在电子阅览室里，你可以向图书馆的工作人员咨询。

然后用U盘拷走做参考。

2.历年师哥师姐的论文，这个你可以向论文老师，或者已经毕业的校友要。

3.图书馆的专业期刊，这些上面也有很多不错的内容的，一般图书馆还有过刊检索库，可以试试，有时候也蛮管用的。

4.其实有不少专业点的书，比方翻译、文学，都是有中英文对照，或者全英文的，上面就有不少好的东西，可以做参照的。

如果楼主还有什么问题，尽管问我，我也是英语专业的，说不定能帮上忙。

朋友如果你的论文题目过于生僻，你可以向指导老师寻求帮助。当年为了防止大家论文撞题，我们系里是由论文老师写好方向及参考题目，然后抽签。再由做某一方面研究的老师带，有些同学分到的题目很生僻，数据库也找不到，就是老师有资料，毕竟他们在搞学术研究的。

毕业论文外文资料怎么找

毕业论文外文要几片(毕业论文要求至少有三篇外文文献能不能是中国人用外文写的)

1.毕业论文要求至少有三篇外文文献能不能是中国人用外文写的

1 我院内科门诊抗高血压药应用分析安徽医药 2007/01 中国期刊全文数据库 2 抗高血压药的应用分析现代中西医结合杂志 2007/07 中国期刊全文数据库 3 2003年~2005年我院口服抗高血压药应用分析中国医院用药评价与分析 2007/01 中国期刊全文数据库 4 2003年~2005年我院门诊抗高血压药应用分析海峡药学 2007/01 5 抗高血压药的合理应用中国药物应用与监测 2007/02 6 我院门诊2003~2005年抗高血压药利用分析中国药房 2007/11 7 浅谈抗高血压药的应用中外健康文摘（医药月刊） 2007/04 8 我院2003~2006年抗高血压药利用分析中国药房 2007/08 9 加强抗高血压药基因组学研究岭南心血管病杂志 2007/03 10 我院2002~2005年抗高血压药利用分析中国药房 2007/17 11 2003—2005年太原市中心医院抗高血压药应用分析中国药物与临床 2007/08 12 抗高血压药奥美沙坦酯临床军医杂志 2007/04 13 我院门诊特保处方中抗高血压药使用分析海峡药学 2006/01 中国期刊全文数据库 14 常用抗高血压药的分类及应用军医进修学院学报 2006/01 中国期刊全文数据库 15 抗高血压药的临床应用与评价中国初级卫生保健 2006/02 中国期刊全文数据库 16 邹平县中医院2002~2004年度抗高血压药使用情况分析中国乡村医药 2006/05 中国期刊全文数据库 17 血压和抗高血压药的应用医药产业资讯 2006/16 中国期刊全文数据库 18 2003~2005年我院抗高血压药应用分析齐鲁药事 2006/05 中国期刊全文数据库 19 2003~2005年我院口服抗高血压药的应用分析医学理论与实践 2006/07 中国期刊全文数据库 20 两种抗高血压药协同作用研究的方法学中国药理学会第八次全国代表大会暨全国药理学术会议论文摘要汇编 2002 中国重要会议论文全文数据库 21 抗高血压药佐芬普利钙的合成研究吉林大学 2007 22 抗高血压药奥美沙坦酯合成新路线和相关杂质的研究药学学报 2006/06 中国期刊全文数据库 23 抗高血压药临床应用分析实用医技杂志 2006/15 中国期刊全文数据库 24 联用缬沙坦及其它抗高血压药治疗原发性高血压中国医药导报 2006/17 中国期刊全文数据库 25 比较我院干部科、内科住院病人抗高血压药应用趋势海峡药学 2006/03 中国期刊全文数据库 26 中医辨证分型选用抗高血压药的临床研究辽宁中医药大学学报 2006/05 中国期刊全文数据库 27 沙坦类抗高血压药的药理作用及其临床应用基层医学论坛 2006/18 中国期刊全文数据库 28 提防抗高血压药引发的性功能障碍开卷有益.求医问药 2006/11 中国期刊全文数据库 29 抗高血压药联合应用的临床研究现代中西医结合杂志 2006/24 中国期刊全文数据库 30 我院2005年度抗高血压药的应用分析海峡药学 2006/06 中国期刊全文数据库。

2.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

扩展资料：

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文

毕业论文外文要几片

外文资料关于毕业论文提交系统

1.英语专业毕业论文最后的外文资料在哪里找啊

1.一般学校里的图书馆都会有关于自己数据库、论文库的链接的，比方万方维普清华等等。

基本都是在电子阅览室里，你可以向图书馆的工作人员咨询。然后用U盘拷走做参考。

2.历年师哥师姐的论文，这个你可以向论文老师，或者已经毕业的校友要。 3.图书馆的专业期刊，这些上面也有很多不错的内容的，一般图书馆还有过刊检索库，可以试试，有时候也蛮管用的。

4.其实有不少专业点的书，比方翻译、文学，都是有中英文对照，或者全英文的，上面就有不少好的东西，可以做参照的。如果楼主还有什么问题，尽管问我，我也是英语专业的，说不定能帮上忙。

朋友如果你的论文题目过于生僻，你可以向指导老师寻求帮助。当年为了防止大家论文撞题，我们系里是由论文老师写好方向及参考题目，然后抽签。

再由做某一方面研究的老师带，有些同学分到的题目很生僻，数据库也找不到，就是老师有资料，毕竟他们在搞学术研究的。

2.本科毕业论文需要的外文文献去哪查

英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文或：） /education/reference/papers/ 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] /Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1398 教育论文网：）很多的 /lw/list3-1.htm 英语论文：） /lw/list3-1.htm UMI外文博硕论文库Springer外文期刊EBSCO外文期刊OCLC NetLibrary图书SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载万方外文传递系统西文期刊目次数据库（CCC）两种外刊在线美国石油工程师学会（SPE）会议论文 cnpLINKer（中图链接服务） Socolar（教图链接服务）以上网站也可以找到，只是收费的.。

3.英语专业毕业论文最后的外文资料在哪里找啊

1.一般学校里的图书馆都会有关于自己数据库、论文库的链接的，比方万方维普清华等等。基本都是在电子阅览室里，你可以向图书馆的工作人员咨询。

然后用U盘拷走做参考。

2.历年师哥师姐的论文，这个你可以向论文老师，或者已经毕业的校友要。

3.图书馆的专业期刊，这些上面也有很多不错的内容的，一般图书馆还有过刊检索库，可以试试，有时候也蛮管用的。

4.其实有不少专业点的书，比方翻译、文学，都是有中英文对照，或者全英文的，上面就有不少好的东西，可以做参照的。

如果楼主还有什么问题，尽管问我，我也是英语专业的，说不定能帮上忙。

外文资料关于毕业论文提交系统

市场营销毕业论文外文资料

1.市场营销的论文（英文）

We have no and naked, no natural born poor. Life is up to grab is accepted, the old man, all is the guide, the heart of choice. Someone to heal old daughter, dissolved, To support the old people, not hesitate heavy gold. Someone believes in "good filial first", Someone ran XiaoYi ShengSiGuan "a". Some old people choose to choose, Shan refused. Beauty and ugliness, good and evil, all in a deathless, science, or, in the twinkling. Show filial obedience so much, just want to tell you, choose filial piety, don't let cloud cover, and let bilge blind eyes, for old people, for himself, and holding a pure, filial piety. Filial piety and sentenced to between inverse for pushing, pion, choose die, LiKui split between mother tiger newspaper alone, choose DE zhao later, Father: for the incense is warm, age WangWenYi body feed mosquitoes. Father can help you a lot. Make a valuable, the real life social conscience of conscience, people will donative you return. A man in the storm, will survive their lives to save the old man, A journey in the desert will resolutely solution under a pot of water to his last old man. But the old man ride in some apparent pride; and under, Someone from a degenerate into key son, That old man to save someone variable labor, Someone is playing time points, old man, scold, short pleasure, long lament. Standing in the crossroads in my life, don't go the wrong way! Land and buildings, money, don't take it with, want so much why? End, but nothing, even old man, even life, even if again, even turn, whereby the sympathy and earned a few tears? No one to help you. If you are the eagle, choose to respect, If you are ShaOu, knew support, If you are a sparrow, will consciously serve elder, If you are a person, he should know filial respect parent, old man. If you are a reluctant to lose your personality, a mediocre, will not corrode your, do a pure matchless you, holding on as snow filial piety, clean and beautiful, despite all filthiness and all society, selfish, filial piety to man. If the father, the world will become more beautiful tradition. You will find himself very beautiful, the old man is beauty. You will know, father is satisfied, pay is happy. Choose filial old man! Action is the proof!。

2.市场营销的论文（英文）

3.急需市场营销方面的英文文献

1.Phillip. Kotler: "Marketing Management", Shanghai People's Publishing House 2003

2. Ji: "Marketing Guide", published by Renmin University of China, 1989

3. Michael. Porter: "competitive advantage", Huaxia Publishing House 2001

4. Hoang steel made: "Marketing", the Shanghai Financial Publishing 2003

5. Tai Wang: "Marketing in China", Guangzhou Publishing House, 2001 Edition

6. Lan Ling, editor-in-chief "of Marketing", the Central Radio and Television University Press

7. Wu and: "Marketing", Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Publishing House 2002

8.song xiaomin: "marketing case examples and analysis," Wuhan University Press, 1992

9.qu yunbo: "marketing strategy planning," China Business Press, 1994

10. Mr Chan Kin-ping, such as: "Planning and design planning book" The Chinese People's University Press .2002

11. Li: "planning Wang," Capital University of Economics Press, 1997

12.kotler ,Armstrong Principles of Marketing (9th ed),prentice-Hall,inc,2001

13. Philip Kotler Marketing Management (10th ed), prentice-Hall,inc,2000

14. Payne,A.chritopher,M.and Peck,H.(1998)Relationship Mketing For

Competitive.Oxford,CIM/Butterworth-Heinemaan.

15. Perreault,McCarthy.Basic Marketing (12th ed),Richard D Irwin 1996

16. Warren J.Keegan.Global Marketing Management (5th ed) prentice-Hall,inc,1995

17. Valued Prduct Attributes in an Emerging Market-A Comparison Between French and Malaysian Consumers

18. Executive Insights-Global Marketing Management-at the Dawn of the New Millennium

19. Global standardization as a success formula for marketing in central eastern Europe

20. Heterogeneity of regional trading blocs and global marketing strategies

21.

22. Lessons for pan-European marketing

4.求一篇有关市场营销英文的论文5000字

First, services marketing. Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service industry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service products, product creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, products, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the product's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the product can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible products); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the product can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, products, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of product marketing, how to promote the exchange of product services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible products. However, both services product marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth. Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update product or price adjustments; reduce printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qudao, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions. It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend. Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software industry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising industry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introduction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage. Third, green marketing. The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free products based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and 。

5.急求市场营销方面外文文献

The competitive nature of the automobile industry has prompted the companies to take up new and innovative marketing strategies to thwart the competition. The B segment of cars is the segment which sees maximum competition as the consumer has a number of models to choose from and it's the volumes which drive the margins. All the companies as a part of their marketing strategy offers a range of vehicles in all the segment to make sure that the customer is driving one of their vehicles only. Advertisements on the Audio visual medium are a rage as it gives the car makers an opportunity to flaunt their cars. Flashy cars can be demonstrated on television but when it comes to the finer prints of the cars, print and online media comes to the rescue.The online medium offers a greater flexibility to the car companies since they come with a lot of interactive features like demonstrating the interiors of the car with its salient features. The print medium on the other hand provides an opportunity to the car makers to explain the function of a car in detail.Celebrity endorsements and testimonial advertisements have come a long way and they are also doing their bit to sell the cars. Super star Shahrukh Khan has been associated with Hyundai Motor Company for a long time and he comes regularly on television to promote the Santro car. Similarly Ford has roped in Junior Bachan for the promotion of the latest offering from the company Ford Fiesta. On a similar note Saif Ali Khan and Rani Mukherjee is shown chasing each other with a Chevrolet aveo. Aamir Khan who is considered to be one of the most talented actors in the industry is frequently seen changing roles on screen to promote the Toyota Innova, a car which is generations ahead of its predecessor Toyota Qualis.Cricketers haven't been left behind in the race of promoting cars; Fiat Palio had received a great thrust when the promotion of the car was taken up by the batting maestro Sachin Tendulkar.In addition to the publicity and advertisement which is done by the companies there are certain innovative strategies which are taken up by the companies to beat the competition from time to time.。

6.急求市场营销方面外文文献

7.市场营销英文文献翻译成中文3000字

一、服务营销。

现代经济发展的一个显著特征是服务业的蓬勃发展，其在国民经济中的地位愈来愈重要，服务营销的重要性日益突出，中国已经加入WTO ，外资企业纷纷抢滩中国，中外服务市场营销大战将出现白热化的态势。现实经济生活中的服务可以区分为两大类。

一种是服务产品，产品为顾客创造和提供的核心利益主要来自无形的服务。另一种是功能服务，产品的核心利益主要来自形成的成分，无形的服务只是满足顾客的非主要需求。

贝瑞认为，在产品的核心利益来源中，有形的成分比无形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“商品”（有形产品）；如果无形的成分比有形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“服务”。与服务的这种区分相一致，服务营销的研究形成了两大领域，即服务产品的营销和顾客服务营销。

服务产品营销的本质是研究如何促进作为产品的服务的交换；顾客服务营销的本质则是研究如何利用服务作为一种营销工具促进有形产品的交换。但是，无论是服务产品营销，还是顾客服务营销，服务营销的核心理念都是顾客满意和顾客忠诚，通过取得顾客的满意和忠诚来促进相互有利的交换，最终实现营销绩效的改进和企业的长期成长。

网络营销的特性包括；可24 小时随时随地地提供全球性营销服务；电脑可储存大量的信息，代消费者查询，可传送的信息数量与精确度，远超过其他媒体；能因应市场需求，及时更新产品或调整价格；减少印刷与邮递成本；且无店面租金，节约水电与人工成本；可避免推销员强势推销的干扰；可经由信息提供与互动交谈，与消费者建立长期良好的关系。互联网络是一种功能最强大的营销工具，它同时兼具渠道、促销、电子交易、互动顾客服务以及市场信息分析与提供的多种功能。

它以声光互动沟通的特质，作为跨越时空的媒体，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具备的一对一营销能力，正是符合[ 分众营销]与[ 直效营销]的未来趋势。

网络营销可视为一种新兴的营销渠道，它并非一定要取代传统的渠道，而是经由信息科技发展，来创新与重组营销渠道。但不可否认的是，网络营销必然会给传统营销造成冲击，因此商业界必须要注意这种趋势，并与软件产业作密切的联系与合作。

以广告业为例，在最新媒体时代，销售是从开始到完成的一贯作业，就是说由吸引注意、引发兴趣、造成购买欲、进行采购，一气而成，而广告公司将参与营销的全程。商业企业也有必要改变传统的组织形态，提升新媒体部门的功能，引进兼具营销素养与电脑科技的人才，未来才能具备市场的竞争优势。

Second, network marketing. Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer 。

8.市场营销英文版论文 20000英文字符

市场营销 Marketing 市场营销（Marketing）又称为市场学、市场行销或行销学。

简称“营销”，台湾常称作“行销”，是指个人或集体通过交易其创造的产品或价值以获得所需之物实现双赢或多赢的过程。权威定义美国市场营销协会下的定义是：行销是创造、沟通与传送价值给顾客，及经营顾客关系以便让组织与其利益关系人受益的一种组织功能与程序菲利普·科特勒下的定义强调了营销的价值导向：市场营销是个人和集体通过创造，提供出售，并同别人交换和价值，以获得其所需所欲之物的一种社会和管理过程。

而格隆罗斯给的定义强调了营销的目的：营销是在一种利益之上下，通过相互交换和承诺，建立、维持、巩固与消费者及其他参与者的关系，实现各方的目的）。 [编辑] 新式定义台湾的江亘松在中强调行销的变动性，利用行销的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定义「什麽是行销？」就字面上来说，「行销」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 这个字拆成 Market（市场）与 ing（英文的现在进行式表示方法）这两个部分，那行销可以用「市场的现在进行式」来表达产品、价格、促销、通路的变动性导致供需双方的微妙关系。

ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理财文化， 2007.08 出版 [编辑] 市场营销理论发展的四个阶段初创阶段（1900年—1920年）功能研究阶段（1921年—1945年）现代市场营销学形成和发展阶段（1945年—1980年）营销扩展阶段（1980年以后） [编辑] 市场与需求市场营销学中的市场可以等同于需求，即研究消费者的现实需求和潜在需求。美国市场营销协会（AMA）的定义委员会1960年对市场提出以下的定义： “ 市场是指一种货物或劳务的潜在购买者的集合需求。

” 菲利普·科特勒把市场定义为 “ 市场是指某种产品的所有实际的和潜在的购买者的集合。 ” [编辑] 市场的类型市场从不同角度，可以划分为不同的类型。

其中按商品的基本属性可划分为一般商品市场和特殊商品市场。一般商品市场指狭义的商品市场，即货物市场，包括消费品市场和工业品市场；特殊商品市场指为满足消费者的资金需要和服务需要而形成的市场，包括资本市场，劳动力市场和技术信息市场。

对以上两种市场作分析时一般要研究消费者市场，产业市场和政府市场。市场营销环境分析常用的方法为SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength（优势）、Weakness（劣势）、Opportunity（机会）、Threaten（威胁）的意思。

从内部环境分析优劣势，从外部环境分析机会与威胁。 [编辑] 市场营销策略营销组合的四个因素常称作4P，即：产品（Product）价格（Price）推广（Promotion）通路与配销（Place&Distribution）这四个因素应用到营销过程中，就形成了四方面的营销策略。

加上政治POLITICS和公共关系PUBLIC，是为6P。 1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特纳（Bitner）建议在传统市场营销理论4Ps的基础上增加三个“服务性的P”，即：人员（People）、流程（Process）、环境（或是或实体环境；Physical evidence）。

根据与市场竞争对手对抗的需要而制定富有竞争力的产品、价格、渠道和促销政策。这一时期诞生了著名的4P理论。

当时还是大众媒体盛行的时代，依靠大众媒体促进销售，无差异化策略成为这一阶段的明显特征。 [编辑] 产品产品策略主要研究新产品开发，产品生命周期，品牌策略等，是价格策略，促销策略和分销策略的基础。

[编辑] 价格价格策略又称定价策略，主要研究产品的定价、调价等[[市场营销工具] [编辑] 推广推广是将组织与产品讯息传播给目标市场的活动，它主要的焦点在於沟通。透过推广，企业试图让消费者知晓、了解、喜爱或购买产品，进而影响产品的知名度、形象、销售量，乃至於企业的生长与生存。

有了推广，消费者才可得知产品提供何种利益、价格多少、可以到什麽地方购买及如何购买等，而这些消费者反应会进一步协助推动其他行销组合（产品、价格、通路）。 [编辑] 通路又称渠道策略，也称为促销。

它代表企业（机构）在将自身产品送抵最终消费者之前，所制定的与各类分销商之间的贸易关系、成本分摊和利益分配方式的综合体系。这里的分销商既包含批发商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直销公司的直销人员。

企业制定分销政策的目的是：让产品更顺畅地到达顾客手中，既要保证分销成本低廉，又要保证顾客对送货期、送货量、装配服务、疑难咨询等方面的要求。在产品日益丰富的情况下，分销政策可能变得越来越难制定，因为相对于产品和品牌的过量，分销商则显得稀少，因而后者拥有了大量讨价还价的权力，力图从制造商或上游企业那里获得更大的利益分成比例。

零售商在最近10年的表现尤其令人瞩目，它们不仅从事零售，也开始插手于产品的上游生产过程，并以自己的店铺名称或独创名称作为自己所产新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店铺品牌（store brand/label）。这更深地威胁到了纯粹的制造企业的利润空间，当然也大大增加了后者制定分销策略的难度。

[编辑] 人员（People）所有的人都直接或间接地被卷入某种服务的消费过程中，这是7P营销组合很重要的。

市场营销毕业论文外文资料

毕业论文产品组合外文资料

1.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

2.跪求一篇关于产品质量管理的英文文献

论文可以吗？第一篇：谈产品质量管理On product quality management and improvement [Abstract] modern society, the quality of mechanical products is particularly important here for the quality of products, as well as measures to improve the management of the program was discussed. [Key words] product quality management to improve the quality of I. Overview And improve the quality of the sound system and maintain its effective operation of the fundamental purpose is to improve the quality of management and the quality of products, improving economic efficiency, reduce waste and maximize meet the needs of users. To achieve this goal, one of the main ways and means is to carry out continuous quality improvement, including its quality system and improve the product quality improvements. This article talk about the product quality control measures and improved. Second, product quality control measures (A) customer requirements In accordance with ISO9000-2000, in the eight quality management principles, the first principle of "customer-focus of attention." The requirements of customers, including product features, performance requirements, the current and future needs are to be taken into account. To meet the requirements of customers, products will have a true sense of quality. (B) regulations Product development and manufacturing, first of all, it should be noted that the "safety". It is to protect the safety of production, workers and the safety of state property security, the prevention of major accidents and regulations. In addition, countries should also pay attention to environmental protection laws and regulations on the product. (C) standards Product development and manufacturing must follow the national standard, the provisions of the subject by the national testing agencies authorized by the check only after the production and sale of investment. (D) specific standard products of control Comply with the People's Republic of China Standardization Law, in the absence of a specific product or industry standards for national standards, the development of enterprises should be the standard. The standards must be reported to local enterprises standardized administrative departments for the record. Standard products are product design, development, production, the basis for acceptance. Product standards, taking full account of customer requirements, regulations and safety standards on the basis of the technology should also be given to the advanced nature of economic rationality and the protection of the environment. (E) control of product design Control of product design, including design input, design output and design review, design verification, to confirm the design and design to improve control. ① designed to control the importation, which is based on standard products based on the formation of the document. Design is the importation of products that meet customers, laws and regulations required by the root, it should review the design input, and there is a written record. Design and Design ② output control assessment, design output is the product of design drawings. Design of output assessment should be carried out. Assessment of its compliance with the standards, advanced technology, economy, technology and standardization. Accreditation should have a written record. Design output should be approved before publication. ③ design verification control products in the formation of the appropriate phase of the implementation of the verification to prove that the input and design compliance. ④ confirmed that the design control, to verify the records and running to prove that the product is expected to meet the requirements. ⑤ sent to the national mandate for the inspection agency review. ⑥ to change the design of control, either from outside or within the requirements changes should be authorized to carry out the assessment and approval before the implementation of change. (F) raw materials, quality control ① suppliers selected by the Ministry of Technology, Engineering, procurement department, QC 4 responsible for the supply of test makers, the assessment confirmed that point. ② suppliers must have a quality assurance system, supply capacity, to deal with complaints and service capabilities in order to be included in the assessment of suppliers. ③ through the assessment of the use of qualified suppliers to send samples, a small number of trial, low-volume trial, the bulk of the trial all qualified and have the capacity to supply over the conditions of manufacturers in order to be included in the procurement unit fixed. ④ raw materials into 。

3.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

扩展资料：

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文

4.毕业论文附件中的外文资料和翻译要检测吗

抄袭之后最后修改一下，比如改下表达方式，

知网系统计算标准详细说明：

3.如何防止学位论文学术不端行为检测系统成为个人报复的平台？

4.最小检测单位是句子，那么在每句话里改动一两个字就检测不出来了么？

6.知网检测系统的权威性？

你好，希望我们可以帮你。硕士本科毕业论文写作是我们特长，我们的服务特色：

5.写本科毕业论文要写外文文献,急

英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文

英语论文类文章1001篇，里面有很多的：）~

英文的毕业论文

或：）

英语毕业论文[1829]

毕业论文的引文[208]

毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]

毕业论文的评价[83]

教育论文网：）很多的

英语论文：）

UMI外文博硕论文库

Springer外文期刊

EBSCO外文期刊

OCLC NetLibrary图书

SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载

万方外文传递系统

西文期刊目次数据库（CCC）

两种外刊在线

美国石油工程师学会（SPE）会议论文

cnpLINKer（中图链接服务）

Socolar（教图链接服务）

以上网站也可以找到，只是收费的.

答案补充

你自己一点也不出力啊？自己找！！！

毕业论文产品组合外文资料

毕业论文外文资料

1.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找，如：ELSEVIER数据库等

检索技巧：选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词；

包含常用词及专业词汇；如：kidney disease OR renal failure;

包括同义词和缩写形式；如：mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;

避免使用过于宽泛的词汇：如：influence;

使用单词的单数形式；

使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如：city---city,cities,city's,cities'

一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用；

优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT

例：genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning

(genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning

运用临近符进行作者检索

例： raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and

Raymond J.

2.求毕业论文外文资料~

1. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach Wikil Kwak, Yong Shi and Kooyul Jung The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA。

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Volume 20, Number 3 / 2003年5月 PDF (77.4 KB) 2. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Corporate Social Reporting in the European Context and Human Resource Disclosures: An Analysis of Finnish Companies Taru Vuontisjärvi 。interface between HR reporting (especially as based on measurements such as Human Resource Accounting and Intellectual Capital schools) and corporate social reporting practices. The results。

Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 69, Number 4 / 2006年12月 PDF (220.8 KB) 3. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Human resource accounting Carme Barcons-Vilardell, Soledad Moya-Gutierrez, Antonio Somoza-López, Josep Vallverdú-Calafell and Carlos Griful-Miquela Abstract Human resources is an old field of research in economics, as reflected by accounting treatments. This paper reviews this。International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 5, Number 3 / 1999年8月 PDF (571.7 KB) 4. 添加入标记条目中图书章节 A Machine Learning Application for Human Resource Data Mining Problem Zhen Xu and Binheng Song 。

for problems with changing conditions. Human resource allocation is a kind of。Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PDF (238.9 KB) 5. 添加入标记条目中图书章节 Human Capital Management Peter Friederichs and Monika Labes Dieses einführende Kapitel geht zunächst auf den Begriff Human Capital und dessen unterschiedliche ein. In einem kurzen Problemaufriss wird die。

Human Capital Management, Teil I PDF (216.3 KB) 6. 添加入标记条目中图书章节 Fuzzy Logic Experience Model in Human Resource Management Zhen Xu, Binheng Song and Liang Chen 。of most important functions in human resource management. It presents a new。

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems PDF (209.7 KB) 7. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert A. Mickler Environmental Management, Volume 33, Number 4 / 2004年8月 PDF (135.0 KB)HTML 8. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of stakeholder attitudes and implications for conflict management Keith Marshall, Rehema White and Anke Fischer Abstract Conflicts involving wildlife are, in essence, often conflicts between human parties with differing wildlife management objectives. However, the study and management of。Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16, Number 11 / 2007年10月 PDF (494.6 KB)HTML 9. 添加入标记条目中图书章节 For the Knowledge Society: How to Involve Human Resources in Gaming Arata Ichikawa and Mieko Nakamura Gaming, Simulations, and Society, Part IV PDF (179.4 KB) 10. 添加入标记条目中期刊文章 Characterization of the human lineage-specific pericentric inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 1 from the homologous chromosomes of the great apes Justyna M. Szamalek, Violaine Goidts, David N. Cooper, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki Abstract The human and chimpanzee genomes are distinguishable in terms of ten gross karyotypic differences。

Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。

3.英文文献格式

[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧，是他们的成就的表现。

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。

呵呵你看看，对你有帮助：毕业论文参考文献规范格式一、参考文献的类型参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983:1-7.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院， 1997:9-10.7.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

4.【急求

Role of Enterprise Strategy Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. Strategy should be a stretch exercise, not a fit exercise. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. Strategy is the way in which a company orients itself towards the market in which it operates and towards the other companies in the marketplace against which it competes. It is a plan an organization formulates to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition. The central strategic issue: why different companies, facing the same environment, perform differently. Strategy answers the following questions: what are the sources of the company's sustainable competitive advantage? how a company will position itself against competition in the market over the long run to secure a sustainable competitive advantage? what are the key strategic priorities? Strategy is an agreed-on guide to action that should lead business to success in the marketplace by satisfying customer needs better than the competition does. Strategy formulation is the major task for the company entrepreneur and CEO, but it is the task of middle managers and project managers to carry this strategy out and turn it into results. Strategic Leadership As a strategic leader your prime responsibility is to ensure that your organization is going in the right direction. To be able to identify the right strategy and pursue it to the desired result, you need to master two important functions: strategic thinking and strategic planning. Ten Major Schools of Strategic Management Ten deeply embedded, though quite narrow, concepts typically dominate current thinking on strategy. These range from the early Design and Planning schools to the more recent Learning, Cultural and Environmental Schools8 New Approaches to Strategy Formulation The currently dominant view of strategy is the resource-based theory. Traditional strategy models, such as Michael Porter's five forces model, focus on the company's external competitive environment. Most of them do not attempt to look inside the company. In contrast, the resource-based perspective highlights the need for a fit between the external market context in which a company operates and its internal capabilities. According to this view, a company's competitive advantage derives from its ability to assemble and exploit an appropriate combination of resources. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by continuously developing existing and creating new resources and capabilities in response to rapidly changing market conditions. In relation to the 10 traditional approaches, today, strategy formulation should also be a combination of them - judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it should be about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to involve individual cognition and social interaction, co-operative as well as conflictive; it must include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during; and all of this must be in response to what can be a demanding environment.8 Blue Ocean Strategy: 6 Principles Blue ocean strategy is about revolutionary value innovation. The six principles drive the successful formulation and execution of Blue Ocean Strategy. These principles attenuate the six risks。

More Balanced Organization: 5 Basic Elements Empowered Employees (Metal): Building Your Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is the prolonged benefit of implementing some unique value-creating strategy based on unique combination of internal organizational resources and capabilities that cannot be replicated by competitors。 More SWOT Analysis: Questions To Answer What is your strongest business asset? What unique resources do you have? What do you offer that makes you stand out from the rest?。

More Your Strategic Intent Strategic intent is a high-level statement of the means by which your organization will achieve its vision. It is a core component of your dynamic strategy. Strategic intent cannot be planned all in advance. It must evolve on the basis of experience during its implementation。 More Market Leadership Strategies The market leader is dominant in its industry and has substantial market share. If you want to lead the market, you must be the industry leader in developing new business models and new products or services. You must be on the cutting edge of new t。

5.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

6.求毕业论文的英文文献

7.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。扩展资料：外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文。

8.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找，如：ELSEVIER数据库等检索技巧：选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词；包含常用词及专业词汇；如：kidney disease OR renal failure；包括同义词和缩写形式；如：mri OR magnetic resonance imaging；避免使用过于宽泛的词汇：如：influence；使用单词的单数形式；使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如：city---city,cities,city's,cities'一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用；优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT 例：genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning (genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning 运用临近符进行作者检索例： raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and Raymond J。

毕业论文外文资料

1.毕业论文外文资料

外文资料可以到外文数据库找，如：ELSEVIER数据库等

检索技巧：选择与检索主题密切相关的检索词；

包含常用词及专业词汇；如：kidney disease OR renal failure;

包括同义词和缩写形式；如：mri OR magnetic resonance imaging;

避免使用过于宽泛的词汇：如：influence;

使用单词的单数形式；

使用单数单词将可以检索到大多数单词单数、复数和所有格如：city---city,cities,city's,cities'

一般这一规则对不规则单词可能不适用；

优先顺序 OR AND AND NOT

例：genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing OR cloning

(genes OR chromosomes W/5 splicing) OR cloning

运用临近符进行作者检索

例： raymond W/3 smith 可检索到Raymond Smith, Raymond J. Smith and

Raymond J.

2.求毕业论文外文资料~

Human Genetics, Volume 120, Number 1 / 2006年8月。

3.求一篇毕业论文的相关外文资料,高分

4.【急求

5.毕业论文外文资料

6.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文。

7.求毕业论文的英文文献

8.毕业论文中的外文文献翻译,有什么要求

原发布者：ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、黑体字、居中打印；2.正文：采用小四号、宋体字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文：采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注：五号，TimesNewRoman，顺序为作者.题目.出处，五、封面格式由学校统一制作（注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目，封面中文小四号宋体，英文小四号TimesNewRoman），六、装订：左侧均匀装订，上下共两个钉，并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

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