众文网文学硕士毕业论文英文(急求毕业论文英文摘要翻译古代文学)
1.急求毕业论文英文摘要翻译（古代文学）
Abstract:Fierce of the female that powder cleans up when original is jealous of Ming Dynasty becoming a common social problem, the male sex man of letters face to face fierce Great Harmony being jealous of kind subject matter realizes in Ming and Qing Dynasty when especially outstanding. Xanthippe in the main body of a book being passed "Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio" and "vinegar bottle gourd " is jealous of woman image analysis , the cause of formation exploration , the value excavating , reach a plural marriage being indeed fierce the origin being jealous of , discomposed psychological deeply worried author lurking Ming and Qing Dynasty man of letters puzzle having reflected to entire tradition order and anxiety, absolute authority of the male sex and feudalism the Confucian School ethics moral concept are overturned。
2.英文写的有关文学或者教育的毕业论文
文学课期末论文：撒旦的个性分析 Analyses of the Character Satan in The Mysterious Stranger In The Mysterious Stranger, Satan claimed himself an angel. But the misfortunes that haunted the village thereafter aroused suspect on him—is he simply an angle named Satan or the devil that no mortal mouth could have dare to spell his name? Angels in bible are messengers from god and they sometimes appear as warriors or guardians. But the angel named Satan in The Mysterious Stranger doesn't seem to carry any of these missions. Satan the Rebel As an angel, Satan is, ironically, the anti-god and anti-Christian power in the short story. He never mentioned in the story that he was sent by god. On the contrary, he is behaving according to his own interest. The finger-size men and women made by Satan in Chapter 2 reminded the readers the splendid bible story of God creating the world and human. But Satan, the creator of the crowd of little human, killed them without mercy when they locked themselves in quarrels and fighting and finally annoyed him. The bloody scene sent chill to the three little witnesses as well as the readers—Is human race also the result of god's impulse? Are we doomed to be smashed into dirt when the Creator grew tired of us? Satan here is not others but an ironic image of the Creator, creating fears in the readers and arousing suspect of God's existence. With the presence of Satan, comes the misfortune for the villagers. And the villains are those who have been closest to god—Father Adolf and the astrologer. Father Adolf the god's server, who claims to have met Satan the devil more than once, spends most of his time find fault in father peter instead of serving the villagers. Another priest, Father Peter, though being respected by the villagers and helped by Satan, ran into ill-fortunes and was finally insane, which Satan said to be the best career for him. Satan's existence here displays the underlying questioning to the Christian church. Throughout the story, however, Satan himself is the mysterious power that controls the lives of the human race. He told Theodor Fischer that human life is a chain in which a tiny move will wholly changed one's life and that “a man will never drop a link in his chain” (Mark Twain, The Mysterious Stranger, Ch7) and that it wasn't God that order human's career. But at the same time, he himself changed people's life chains. He said that Nicholas will die in 12days of intending to save a drowning girl, and the boy died exactly the time he told Theodor Fischer. And he changed the career of a number of the villager to be better, he claims. But to a human, the better life in Satan's words is only shorter life span and sudden deaths.。
3.求英语论文题目 是文学方向的 要不太热门的 但是资料也不难找的
本人不才，下面为楼主介绍几部英文原著作为论文题材（7和8本来是法文，但目前英文版本和中文版本相当普遍）：
1.Oliver Twist written by Charles Dickens;
2.David Copperfield written by Charles Dickens;
3.A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens;
4.Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe;
5.Emma written by Jane Austen;
6.Pride And Prejudice written by Jane Austen;
7.Around The World In Eighty Days written by Jules Verne;
8.Five Weeks In A Balloon written by Jules Verne;
9.Treasure Island written by Robert Louis Stevenson.
除此之外尚有许多耐人寻味的作品，这里不予一一列出. 还有，莎士比亚的作品更是多达几十部，不过以此作为题材的人恐怕相当多，所以也不曾列出.
4.想写一篇关于文学的英文毕业论文,求题目和提纲,急
论文名称： 简.奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》与《爱玛》中的婚姻与女性挣扎论文名称： Marriage and Female Struggle in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Emma关键词：简.奥斯丁 Jane Austen 傲慢与偏见 Pride and Prejudice 埃玛 Emma 浪漫时期 Romantic period 婚姻 marriage [摘要] 奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》与《爱玛》中婚姻为其中心议题。
小说情节与人物行为萦绕在此主题上。就书中的人物而言，婚姻并非意味着男女间无法控制的热情而是双方与社会间的契约产物。
小说人物全然融入其社会现实，依循社会规则，谱出故事情节。由于明白婚姻关系可提供阶级提升与经济改善的机会，财力与社会地位为决定结婚对象的相关条件。
本文以社会女性主义观点切入，检视奥斯汀的社会背景，探索社会环境如何影响女性在面临婚姻时，内心的焦虑与挣扎。就社会女性主义者而言，物质环境为塑造女性婚姻意识的决定因素。
对于当时男性阶级与女性地位的探索，将可助于理清为何婚姻为奥斯汀小说议题的原因。事实上，婚姻，就小说人物而言，为一个阶级交换与经济交流的市场。
为了达成结婚的目的，女性人物擅于把自己转化成商品，展示其外貌与才艺，吸引男性目光。此一时期女性受到社会价值的鼓励，利用其女性特质来赢得婚姻伴侣。
然而，奥斯汀的女性人物在面临婚姻伴侣的抉择时往往呈现对婚姻无意识的不安。本文根据奥斯汀当时的英国社会环境，揭露《傲慢与偏见》与《爱玛》中女性婚姻观点，其内在的焦虑与挣扎。
[摘要] Marriage is the central topic in Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Emma: the plots of the novels and the actions of the characters revolve around marriage. For Austen's characters, marriage does not mean the act of ungoverned passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society. Austen's characters are completely integrated into society and play out the stories within the social rules. They realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and class are thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners. Based on Socialist-feminism, this thesis examines social background in Austen's time and explores how social conditions influence females' psychological struggle and anxiety toward marriage. For Socialist-feminists, material factors shape women's marital consciousness in determinate ways. The discussions of male class and female status in the end of the eighteenth century are helpful for understanding why marriage is the central topic in Austen's novels. In a sense, marriage is regarded as a market place to exchange upward class mobility and financial support for Austen's characters. In order to achieve the goal of marriage, females are good at transforming themselves into commodities by displaying their appearances and accomplishments to appeal to male gazers. Women at the time were encouraged by the social value of performing manners of femininity to win husbands. However, when Austen's female characters face mate selections, an unconscious apprehension toward marriage can be observed. From the social consideration of Austen's time, this thesis will reveal female marital perspectives, anxieties, and inner struggle in Pride and Prejudice and Emma.。
5.1500字英语论文范文
How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third Edition To be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard either. Before you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation". To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right track. After mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, etc。
. and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, etc。
. It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school. *************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. ******************* Speaking: In China, you won't have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and grammar. Listening: Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words accumulations. Writing: It is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (e.g. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences). Reading: It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even better. Putting four elements together: I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and speaking. The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad): In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak English. On Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you significantly. You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English. My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed. Summing up the activities: I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc。
. Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring. 文章由 /yylw/ 提供。
6.全英语论文3000字
Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "。
my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really 。
7.跪求2000字英语论文一份
"Gone with the wind" is based on the American civil war south the social reality of unrest in the background. The novel romance novels in Atlanta and the nearby a plantation for story background, described the American people's life before and after the civil war. In "gone with the wind" scarlett as the main line, describes a few for the youth love entanglement.
First read "gone with the wind", the heroine of the novel is the feeling of the contradiction, both some hate, but they have to admire her. Hate is to the utility, such as for money by any means available, and the choice of a marriage. Even at the damage your younger sister and stole her fiance; Hate her face BaiRui's love, that stupid stubborn. But her brave and strong and that of the spirit of hard work and had to let I admire.
To read, when suddenly feel: scarlett that kind of to money and land cultish is understandable. In that the outbreak of war of social unrest, her a woman has to take responsibility for their support including alone lover and rival in love, the burden of a large family, that is what a heavy burden!!!!! Moreover, in Atlanta, as a woman, usually go out and%
8.求一篇8000到10000字左右的英语论文,关于文学题材的就行,要全英
1.苏东坡的文学背景和他的赋 SU TUNG-PO'S LITERARY BACKGROUND AND HIS PROSE-POETRY by Qian Zhongshu (Primarily written as a foreword to “Su Tung-Po's Prose-poems” translated into English With Notes and Commentaries by C. D. Le Gros Clark, this is published here by kind permission of Mr. Le Gros Clark. Those who are interested in textual criticism may consult Mr. Wu Shih-ch'ang's review in Chinese which appeared in The Crescent Monthly, Vol. IV, No. 3. –Ed.) Of the Sung dynasty, it may be said, as Hazlitt said of himself, that it is nothing if not critical. The Chinese people dropped something of their usual wise passiveness during the Sung dynasty, and “pondered, searched, probed, vexed, and criticized”. This intellectual activity, however, is not to be compared with that of the Pre-Chin period, the heyday of Chinese philosophy. The men of the Sung dynasty were inquisitive rather than speculative, filled more with a sense of curiosity than with a sense of mystery. Hence, there is no sweep, no daring, no roominess or margin in their intellectualism. A prosaic and stuffy thing theirs is, on the whole. This critical spirit revealed itself in many directions, particularly in the full flourish of literary criticism and the rise of the tao-hsüeh （道学）， that mélange adultere of metaphysics, psychology, ethics and casuistry.Literary criticism in China is an unduly belated art. Apart from a handful of obiter dicta scattered here and there, Liu Hsieh's Literary Mind （刘勰文心雕龙） and Lo Chi's A Prose-poem on Literature （陆机文赋） are the critical writings that count up to the Sung dynasty. There is Chung Yung's Classification of Poets （钟嵘诗品） of course. But Chung Yung is a literary genealogist rather than a critic, and his method of simply dividing poets into sheep and goats and dispensing praise or dispraise where he thought due, is the reverse of critical, let alone his fanciful attempts to trace literary parentages(1). Ssu-Kung Tu's Characterisations of Poetry （司空图诗品） is a different matter(2). Ssu-Kung Tu seeks to convey purely with imagery the impressions registered by a sensitive mind of twenty four different kinds of poetry: “pure, ornate, grotesque,” etc. His is perhaps the earliest piece of “impressionistic” or “creative criticism” ever written if any language, so quietly ecstatic and so autonomous and self-sufficient, as it were, in its being but it fails on that very account to become sober and proper criticism. It is not until the Sung dynasty that criticism begins to be practiced in earnest. Numerous “causeries on poetry” （诗话）are written and principles of literature are canvassed by way of commentaries on individual poets. Henceforth, causeries on poetry become established as the vehicle for Chinese criticism. One must note in passing that there do not appear professional critics with the rise of criticism. In those good old days of China, criticism is always the prerogative of artists themselves. The division of labour between critics and artists in the West is something that the old Chinese literati would scoff at. The criticism of Sung dynasty, like all Chinese criticismsbefore the “New Literature Movement” with the possible exception of Hsieh's Literary Mind, is apt to fasten upon particulars and be given too much to the study of best words in best places. But it is symptomatic of the critical spirit, and there is an end of it.The Chinese common reader often regards the men of the Sung dynasty as prigs. Their high seriousness and intellectual and moral squeamishness are at once irritating and amusing to the ordinary easy-going Chinese temperament. There is something paralyzing and devitalizing in their wire-drawn casuistry which induces hostile critics to attribute the collapse of the Sung dynasty to its philosophers. There is also a disingenuousness in their attempts at what may be called for want of a better name, philosophical masquerade: to dress up Taoism of Buddhism as orthodox Confucianism. One need but look into Sketches in a Villa（阅微草堂笔记）and Causeries on Poetry in a Garden（随园诗话） to see what a good laugh these two coxcombs of letters, Chi Yuen （纪昀） and Yuan Mei （袁枚） have had at the expense of the Sung philosophers and critics respectively. Nevertheless ofe is compelled to admit that the Sung philosophers are unequalled in the study of mental chemistry. Never has human nature been subject to a more rigorous scrutiny before or since in the history of Chinese thought. For what strikes one most in the tao-hsüeh is the emphasis on self-knowledge. This constant preying upon itself of the 。
9.推荐关于文学的英文论文题目
我也是英语专业（翻译方向），我有十多篇好的英语毕业论文，有中西文化差异的，广告翻译的 ，化妆品翻译的形美.教学的方面，跨文化交际的。
..都是写的比较好的论文，我现在在读硕士，可以交流哈，我的QQ582111675.还给你些题目做参考.选自己擅长的：1.《红字》中海丝特 • 白兰不理智的一面（The Irrational Side of Hester Prynne of The Scarlet Letter）2. 《董贝父子》中的矛盾冲突（The Conflict in Donbey and Son）3. 论文化不同对联想意义及翻译的影响（On Influence of Cultural Differences on Associative Meanings and Translation）4. 美国教育的衰弱（The Drop of American Education）5. 19世纪欧洲移民对美国工业化的积极影响（The Positive Impacts of European Immigration on American Industrialization in the 19th Century）6. 朱丽叶之人物分析（Character Studies in Juliet）7. 主述理论在文学中的运用（The Application of the Thematic Theory in Literature）8. 语用学中的会话含义理论（Conversational Implicature Theory in Pragmatics）9. 英语语音简析及对提高初学者口语的指导（A Brief Analysis of English Phonetics as well as a Guide to Improve Learners' Oral English）10. 比较两种对于哈姆雷特复仇的评论（Comparison on Two Kinds of Comments on Hamlet's Revenge）11. 英语语言中的性别歧视 （Sexism in English Language）12. 英语的学与教 （English Learning and Teaching）13. 由美国2004年总统选举所想到的 （More than 2004 Presidential Election）14. 论腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——关于《雾都孤儿》的赏析 （The Purity in a Corrupt World—An Analysis of Oliver Twister）15. 论理智与情感之关系——对《理智与情感》的人物分析 16. 入世对中国银行业的挑战 （Challenges on Chinese Banking Sector after Entering the WTO）17. 西进运动对美国的影响 （The Influences of Westward Movement on America）18. 史蒂芬•克拉申的听读假设和二语习得 （Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition）19. 艾•巴•辛格——犹太文化的守护者 （L. B. Singer—the Patron of Jewish Civilization）20. 二十世纪60年代美国妇女运动的派别 （The Politics of American Women's Movement in the 1960's） 21. 论《红字》的模糊性 （Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter）22.《嘉莉姐妹》中无心的欲望 （The Limitless Desires in Sister Carrie）23. 英语广告语言修辞特点 （Rhetorical Features in Advertising English）24.《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结 （Pau Morel's Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers）25. 造成苔丝悲剧命运的原因 （The Reasons for Tess's Tragic Fate）26. 论恐怖主义的根源 （On the Root of Terrorism）27. 2003： 中印关系新纪元 （2003: A New Era of Sino-India Relationship）28. 希兹克利夫的复仇 （The Revenge of Heathcliff）29. 弗洛伊德理论对美国现代文学的影响 （The Influence of Freudian Theory on Modern American Literature）30. 论萨姆一家人之“变形” （The Etamoephosis of the Samsas）31. 亚伯拉罕 • 林肯的民主思想初探 （A Preliminary Research on Abraham Lincoln's Thought of Democracy）32. 评析《傲慢与偏见》的男主人公达西 （Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice）33.《简爱》的圣经情书 （The Relationship Between Jane Eyre and the Bible）34. 库区三角浮出水面——万州、开县、云阳经济宏图 （The Triangle of Reservoir Region Is Surfacing—Wanzhou, Kaixian and Yunyang Open a Great Diagram of Economy）35. 会话中的合作原则和礼貌原则 （Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Conversation）36. 浅析海明威笔下圣地亚哥与其它主人公之异同 （Analysis of the Similarities and Differences Between Santiago and Other Heroes by Hemingway）37. 对嘉尔曼的偏见 （The Prejudice Against Carmen）38. 简爱——关于简爱的性格评论 （Jane Eyre—A Review of Jane Eyre's Character in Jane Eyre）39. 《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳和希斯克力夫之间的苦痛恋情 （The Suffering Love Between Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights）40. 简评妥协——研究《傲慢与偏见》（A Brief Comment on the Compromise—A Study of Pride and Prejudice）41. 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观 （Analysis of the Marriages in Pride and Prejudice）42. 试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 （On the Impact of Jane Austen's Life on Her Novels）43. “真实的诺言”与传统文化的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 （When True Lies Challenge Tradition—An Analysis of the Reality and Localization of Reality TV）44. 从台湾问题看中美关系 （The Sino-US Relation—The Taiwan Issue）45.《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 （The Great Vitality of Pride and Prejudice）46. 平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》（Significance in Commonplace—Pride and Prejudice）47. 萨皮尔沃夫理论 （Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis）4。
文学硕士毕业论文研究类别(硕士论文类型有哪些)
1.硕士论文类型有哪些
毕业设计（论文）撰写规范 为了确保毕业设计（论文）质量，特制定毕业设计（论文）撰写规范。
一、毕业设计（论文）资料的填写与打印： 毕业设计（论文）统一使用学校印制的毕业设计（论文）资料袋、毕业设计（论文）任务书、毕业设计（论文）评语、毕业设计（论文）封面、毕业设计（论文）用纸。 毕业设计（论文）任务书、毕业设计（论文）评语按要求认真填写，字体要工整，卷面要整洁，手写一律用黑或蓝黑墨水。
任务书由指导教师填写并 签字，经院长（系主任）签字后发出。毕业论文（设计）必须用仿宋体打印于学校统一的毕业论文专用纸上。
二、论文撰写主要格式及要求： 1、标题： 论文题目--黑体小二 2、中英文摘要：（中文在前、英文在后）： "摘要"字样--加粗仿宋体小三号 摘要正文--仿宋小四 关键词--加粗仿宋小四 3、论文正文： （1）论文正文部分主要包括：选题背景、方案论证、过程（设计或实验）论述、结果分析、结论或总结。 （2）论文正文打印要求： 第一层次（章）题序和标题用小三号加粗仿宋体字 第二层次（节）题序和标题用四号加粗仿宋体字 第三层次（条）题序和标题用小四号加粗仿宋体字 正文用仿宋体小四号（英文用新罗马体12号） （3）论文页面设置注意装订线，页码一律用小5号字标明；正文采用单倍行距，标准字符间距。
三、毕业设计（论文）撰写的内容与要求： 1、标题： 标题应该简短、明确、有概括性。标题字数要适当，不宜超过20个字，如果有些细节必须放进标题，可以分成主标题和副标题。
2、论文摘要或设计总说明： 论文摘要以浓缩的形式概括研究课题的内容，中文摘要在300字左右，外文摘要以250个左右实词为宜。 设计总说明主要介绍设计任务来源、设计标准、设计原则及主要技术资料，中文字数要在1500~2000字以内，外文字数以1000个左右实词为宜。
3、目录： 目录按三级标题编写（即：一、……、1、……、（1）、……），要求标题层次清晰。 目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致。
4、正文： 毕业设计（论文）正文包括： （1）选题背景：说明本设计课题的来源、目的、意义、应解决的主要问题及应达到的技术要求；简述本课题在国内外发展概况及存在的问题，本设计的指导思想。 （2）方案论证：说明设计原理并进行方案选择，阐明为什么要选择这个设计方案（包括各种方案的分析、比较）以及所采用方案的特点。
（3）过程（设计或实验）论述：指作者对自己的研究工作的详细表述。要求论理正确、论据确凿、逻辑性强、层次分明、表达确切。
（4）结果分析：对研究过程中所获得的主要的数据、现象进行定性或定量分析，得出结论和推论。 （5）结论或总结：对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合，阐述本课题研究中尚存在的问题及进一步开展研究的见解和建议。
结论要写得概括、简短。 5、谢辞： 谢辞应以简短的文字对在课题研究和论文撰写过程中曾直接给予帮助的人员（例如指导教师、答疑教师及其他人员）表示自己的谢意，这不仅是一种礼貌，也是对他人的尊重，是治学者应有的思想作风。
6、参考文献与附录： 参考文献是毕业设计（论文）不可缺少的组成部分，它反映毕业设计（论文）的取材来源、材料的广博程度和材料的可靠程度，也是作者对他人知识成果的承认和尊重。一份完整的参考文献可向读者提供的一份有价值的信息资料。
一般做毕业设计（论文）的参考文献不宜过多，但应列入主要的文献可10篇以上，其中外文文献在2篇以上。 附录是对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入毕业设计（论文）的附录中，例如公式的推演、编写的程序等；如果文章中引用的符号较多时，便于读者查阅，可以编写一个符号说明，注明符号代表的意义。
四、不同类别毕业设计（论文）具体要求 我校毕业设计（论文）大致有工程设计类、理论研究类、实验研究类、计算机软件设计类及综合类等（文科类参照执行），具体要求如下： 1、工程设计类：学生必须独立完成一定数量的工程图，其中工程图必须要有不少于1张是计算机绘图；一份15000字以上的设计计算说明书（论文）；参考文献不低于10篇，其中外文文献要在2篇以上。 2、理论研究类：对该类课题工科学生一般不提倡，各院（系）要慎重选题，除非题目确实有实际意义。
该毕业设计报告或论文字数要在20000字以上；根据课题提出问题、分析问题，提出方案、并进行建模、仿真和设计计算等；参考文献不低于15篇，其中外文文献要在4篇以上。 3、实验研究类：学生要独立完成一个完整的实验，取得足够的实验数据，实验要有探索性，而不是简单重复已有的工作；要完成15000字以上的论文，其包括文献综述，实验部分的讨论与结论等内容；参考文献不少于10篇，包括2篇以上外文文献。
4、计算机软件类：学生要独立完成一个软件或较大软件中的一个模块，要有足够的工作量；要写出10000字以上的软件说明书和论文；毕业设计（论文）中如涉及到有关电路方面的内容时，必须完成调试工作，要有完整的测试结果和给出各种参数指标；当涉及到有关计算机软件方面的内容时，要进行计算机演示程序运行和给出运行结果。
2.硕士论文的论文种类
根据第10批硕士学位授权学科、专业名单”的规定，将招生门类分为哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、军事学、管理学等12大类，12大类下面再分为89个一级学科，89个一级学科下面再细分为385个二级学科，并列出招生单位自主设立的903个二级学科，总计22660个。
即硕士论文的种类有哲学硕士论文、经济学硕士论文、法学硕士论文、教育学硕士论文、文学硕士论文、历史学硕士论文、理学硕士论文、工学硕士论文、农学硕士论文、医学硕士论文、军事学硕士论文、管理学硕士论文等12大类的硕士论文。
3.硕士论文的硕士分类
硕士研究生可分为普通硕士和专业硕士两类。
【普通硕士】根据我国的有关规定，普通硕士教育以培养教学和科研人才为主，授予学位的类型主要是学术型学位。目前，我国学术型学位按招生学科门类分为哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、军事学、管理学等12大类，12大类下面再分为88个一级学科，88个一级学科下面再细分为300多个二级学科，同时还有招生单位自行设立的760多个二级学科。
普通硕士的招生考试主要是年初的全国硕士研究生统一入学考试（简称统考）， 被录取后，获得研究生学籍。毕业时，若课程学习和论文答辩均符合学位条例的规定，可获毕业证书和学位证书。
【专业硕士】专业硕士对大家来说或许很陌生，但说到MBA、MPA却是耳熟能详。其实，MBA、MPA正是专业学位中的两种类别。
目前，我国经批准设置的专业硕士已达15类。专业硕士学位主要包括：工商管理硕士专业学位（MBA）、公共管理硕士专业学位（MPA）、工程硕士（ME）、法律硕士（J.M）、会计硕士专业学位（MPACC）、公共卫生硕士专业学位（MPH）、农业推广硕士专业学位、兽医硕士专业学位、教育硕士专业学位等。
2005年年初，又新增了艺术硕士、体育硕士、风景园林硕士3个专业学位。专业硕士是我国研究生教育的一种形式。
根据国务院学位委员会的定位，专业学位为具有职业背景的学位，培养特定职业高层次专门人才。专业硕士教育的学习方式比较灵活，大致可分为在职攻读和全日制学习两类。
比较简单的区分办法是：招收在职人员、以业余时间学习为主的专业学位考试通常在每年的10月份进行，名为“在职人员攻读硕士学位全国联考”，简称“联考”；招收全日制学生的专业学位考试与每年年初举行的“全国硕士研究生统一入学考试”（简称“统考”）一起举行。【普通硕士与专业硕士的区别】培养方向不同普通硕士教育以培养教学和科研人才为主；而专业硕士是具有职业背景的硕士学位，为培养特定职业高层次专门人才而设置。
招生条件不同专业硕士要求报考者有一定年限的工作经历，而普通硕士则不需要。绝大多数专业硕士还要求在职人员报考需经所在单位或相应管理部门的同意，有的甚至要求所在单位推荐等。
招生考试不同对学生来说，普通硕士的招生考试只有年初的“统考”，而统考以外的专业考试则由各招生单位自行命题、阅卷。专业硕士的招生考试有10月份的“联考”和年初的“统考”两次机会，考生可以自行选择，而这两大国家级别的考试的专业考试，也由各招生单位自行命题、阅卷。
入学难度不同全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（统考）完全是严进宽出的代表。据统计，2005年研究生考试考生人数为117万，招生人数只有32万，录取比例为3.7:1。
北大、清华、复旦等名牌大学，以及微电子、信息科学、生物医药、世界经济、国际金融等热门专业，由于报考者众多，录取率更低。据了解，一些名校热门专业的录取比例甚至为70:1。
而一些二流学校的冷门专业却年年招不满。因此，入学难度取决于考生报考的学校和专业。
这两大国家级别考试的专业考试，是由各招生单位自行命题、阅卷。不同专业的入学难度各不相同，热门专业相对难一些。
例如，2004年上海复旦、交大、财大三所高校MBA的录取比例在6:1左右；2004年全国法律硕士录取率则不到10%。此外，“联考”和“统考”的难度也不一样，由于“统考”考生远多于“联考”考生，考试竞争激烈程度自然也大。
不过，“联考”的考试虽容易，但录取时更看重申请者的工作背景和经验。学习方式不同普通硕士： 全日制学习。
一般为3年。专业硕士： 半脱产，学制2-3年。
学习费用不同：普通硕士录取为国家计划内（非定向、定向）的硕士 生按国家规定享受免学费待遇。录取为国家计划外（委托培养、自筹经费）的硕士生须缴纳学费，一般为8000元/年，不同专业有所不同。
对于自筹经费生、特困生等考生可通过申请国家助学贷款或者商业贷款缓解学费的压力。专业硕士学费按照不同专业类别差别较大。
例如，MBA的学费要十几甚至几十万元，而工程硕士的学费一般为3-4万元。专业硕士学位一般不能申请国家助学贷款。
文凭颁发不同与普通硕士不同，大多数专业硕士只授予学位证书，没有学历证书。但也有例外，例如工商管理硕士、法律硕士、临床医学硕士、建筑学硕士等，就同时颁发学位和学历证书。
大体来看，“统考”生拿“双证”，“联考”生拿“单证”。认可度不同普通硕士：由于是全日制正规大学硕士毕业，拥有学历、学位双证，因此社会对这样的毕业生的认可度非常高。
但企业在招聘时也会考虑到全日制硕士研究生的弱点：光有理论，经验不足。特别对于硕士专业与本科专业方向完全不同，又从无相关工作经验的求职者，企业会有所顾忌。
建议这类毕业生通过实习、兼职或考职业证书来加强自身的竞争力。专业硕士：参加1月份统考的MBA能拿双证，而工程硕士目前只能拿学位证，因此对专业硕士的市场认可程度略有差异。
当然，随着近几年专业硕士种类不断增多，报考人数连年上升，因此人气带动了市场效应，其认可。
4.研究论文可以分为哪两类
毕业论文的类型：
1、理论性问题研究论文
学生在校期间，学习了多门公共基础课、专业基础课和专业课，涉及大量的基础理论和原理性问题。学生可在指导教师的指导下，选择自己比较熟悉并有较深理解的某一理论问题，进行探讨和研究.要求学生有较好的理论基础，对某一理论掌握比较扎实，逻辑思维及分析问题能力强，同时能够做到理论联系实际，用所掌握的理论原理分析、解决实践问题。学生应当围绕所选定的理论问题，在广泛收集资料，大量阅读有关文献的基础上，总结前人的成就，分析前人的观点，找出以往研究的薄弱之处，提出自己的见解，也可对某些理论原理的应用进行更深层的研究和探讨，寻求更合理的成果和结论。
2、应用性问题研究论文
无论哪一类专业，都有大量的应用性课程和专题，甚至专业本身就属于应用性很强的专业。特别是管理学科的各类专业，学生可就不同管理领域的实际问题，运用在校期间所学的各种原理、方法和技术研究解决实际问题。这是对学生素质能力的考核和锻炼。撰写应用性问题的研究论文，要求学生具有较扎实的理论和原理基础，较熟练地掌握所学技术和方法，熟悉所掌握原理、技术和方法的应用环境和问题，能够把握该应用领域的发展变化趋势，并能提出该原理、技术和方法的应用难点、问题和措施保证。
3、实践问题研究论文
改革实践中有大量的具体问题需要研究和解决，特别是与学生所学专业有关的实践问题更容易引起学生的关注和研究兴趣。学生可就自己熟悉并能运用所学原理和方法提出合理解决方案的实践问题进行研究和探讨。对这类问题的研究实践性强，实用价值高，要求学生对所研究的问题有透彻的了解和深刻认识，能够清楚问题的症结所在，并能在自己所学习和掌握的原理和方法中找到解决的方法和答案。实践性问题研究论文与应用性问题研究论文的最大区别在于从实践中寻找问题撰写论文。有些学生的论文选题就直接来源于自身的社会实践和毕业实习。
4、指定性问题研究论文
有些学生的毕业论文选题来源于某些部门或企业对学校的委托项目或调研任务，还有的来源于指导教师的科研课题和咨询策划项目。围绕这些问题撰写毕业论文，对学生来讲都属于指定性问题，有些问题并不一定是学生最有基础和研究兴趣的问题。但对这些问题的研究，老师的专项研究能力强，对学生的指导性强，更有针对性。选择参与这些问题研究并以此为题撰写毕业论文的学生，也会具备一定的知识和能力基础，再加上老师的言传身教和悉心指导，对问题的研究深度较深，实践性强，有助于学生研究问题和分析、解决问题能力的培养。
5.论文类型怎么填
论文类型一般根据发表刊物和内容来填。
论文著作权实行自愿登记，论文不论是否登记，作者或其他著作权人依法取得的著作权不受影响。我国实行作品自愿登记制度的在于维护作者或其他著作权人和作品使用者的合法权益，有助于解决因著作权归属造成的著作权纠纷，并为解决著作权纠纷提供初步证据。
根据国家新闻出版署1999-01-12印发《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范 ——CAJ-CD B/T 1-1998》文献标识码（WM） Document code 置分类号之后。
1、A类为理论与应用研究学术论文（包括综述报告）。
2、B类为实用性技术成果报告（科技）、理论学习与社会实践总结（社科）。
3、C类为业务指导与技术管理性文章（包括领导讲话、特约评论等）。
4、D类为一般动态性信息（通讯、报道、会议活动、专访等）。
5、E类为文件、资料（包括历史资料、统计资料、机构、人物、书刊、知识介绍等）。
扩展资料：
学术论文的特点：
1、学术性
学术论文的学术性，要求作者在立论上不得带有个人好恶的偏见，不得主观臆造，必须切实地从客观实际出发，从中引出符合实际的结论。
2、科学性
学术论文在形式上是属于议论文的，但与一般议论文不同，必须是有自己的理论系统的，不能只是材料的罗列，应对大量的事实、材料进行分析、研究，使感性认识上升到理性认识。
3、创造性
科学研究是对新知识的探求。创造性是科学研究的生命。学术论文的创造性在于作者要有自己独到的见解，能提出新的观点、新的理论。
4、理论性
要用通俗易懂的语言表述科学道理，不仅要做到文从字顺，而且要准确、鲜明、和谐、力求生动。
参考资料来源：百度百科-论文
6.论文的种类分为哪几种
1、专题型
这是分析前人研究成果的基础上，以直接论述的形式发表见解，从正面提出某学科中某一学术问题的一种论文。
2、论辩型
这是针对他人在某学科中某一学术问题的见解，凭借充分的论据，着重揭露其不足或错误之处，通过论辩形式来发表见解的一种论文。
3、综述型
这是在归纳、总结前人或今人对某学科中某一学术问题已有研究成果的基础上，加以介绍或评论，从而发表自己见解的一种论文。
4、综合型
这是一种将综述型和论辩型两种形式有机结合起来写成的一种论文。
扩展资料：
论文结构：
1、论文题目
要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录
目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、内容提要
是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。
4、关键词定义
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
5、论文正文
(1)引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
(2)论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。
6、参考文献
一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
参考资料来源：百度百科-论文
7.毕业论文综合型的分类分为几类
1.专题型论文。
这是分析前人研究成果的基础上，以直接论述的形式发表见解，从正面提出某学科中某一学术问题的一种论文。
2.论辩型论文。
这是针对他人在某学科中某一学术问题的见解，凭借充分的论据，着重揭露其不足或错误之处，通过论辩形式来发表见解的一种论文。
3.综述型论文。
这是在归纳、总结前人或今人对某学科中某一学术问题已有研究成果的基础上，加以介绍或评论，从而发表自己见解的一种论文。
4.综合型论文。
这是一种将综述型和论辩型两种形式有机结合起来写成的一种论文。
编辑本段学年论文
学年论文就是高等院校要求学生每学年完成的一篇学术论文，这是一种初级形态的学术论文。其目的在于指导学生初步学会对一学年所学专业知识进行科学研究。每学年写一篇，逐步培养学生的科研能力，为将来写毕业论文打基础。撰写学年论文要在导师的指导下进行。 在一些学校，各个专业执行的情况不同。这个是学位条例规定要这么做的，教育部规定先要写学年论文，逐步逐步积累经验以后，在毕业的时候撰写毕业论文就不会成为一件太难的事了。但是有很多学校没有把学年论文当作是一个培养学生研究能力的一个途径或者是工具。那么，临近毕业的时候，学生还不知道毕业论文该怎么写。当然还是有相当一部分高等院校，特别是重点院校是很注重学年论文的撰写的，因为只有训练学年论文的写作才能顺理成章的过渡到毕业论文的写作。每一门课的授课到最后的考试，从某种意义上来说实际上就是在训练一学期或一学年论文的写作。因为任课老师都是从自己的课程的角度出发给大家考一点知识题，再考一个论述题。那么对于论述题，应该说有经验的老师是可以很好的利用论述题来训练学生写论文的。有一部分学校这样做了，但还有部分学校没有将其提到日程上来。还是由各个老师具体要求，让学生当一次作业来做的，没有强调学术性。 北京师范大学原来的中文系，现在的文学院要求学生从大学二年级开始训练写学年论文，在“五四”或者“七一”、“一二九”等特殊的日子进行论文竞赛，对学生进行论文写作训练。那么在每学年，每一位任课老师都有责任去训练学生撰写学年论文，为将来毕业论文打基础。那么这是一个概念和相关的状况。
一、撰写学年论文的目的
在本科三年级下学期至大四上学期，学生必须结合自己专业课的学习，练习撰写学术论文（专业调研报告、审计案例或工程管理实务），作为全面提高本科生素质的一个重要环节。其目的是： 1.培养学生综合运用所学的理论和方法，分析解决实践中某一理论问题和实际问题的能力； 2.通过对审计或工程管理过程中某一课题的调查研究和对比分析，进一步了解我国经济管理工作的实际情况，在理论与实践的结合中巩固、充实和深化所学的专业理论知识； 3.通过学习撰写学年论文，掌握调查研究和搜集资料的方法和手段，熟悉学术论文的基本规范和写作方法，掌握案例编写技术。
二、撰写学年论文的要求
大学三年级或大四的本科生，根据专业培养计划的要求，在该学年末完成一篇研究论文（鼓励撰写调查报告、实证分析或编写案例）。学生要根据自己选定的课题，充分搜集有关信息资料，进行认真分析论证，独立思考，形成自己的见解和观点，然后据此撰写学年论文，并为撰写毕业论文打基础。每篇学年论文不得少于3000个汉字。
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