毕业论文用英语怎么说

毕业论文序号层次英语怎么说(oa是什么的英文简称缩写)

1.oa是什么的英文简称缩写

OA

在有些地区，会把OA当作email使用~

2，办公软件

OA是Office Automation的缩写，指办公室自动化或自动化办公。但是有100个人会说出100种不同层次、不同内容的解说；有100家单位会有100种不同层次、不同内容的应用需求！100个厂商会有100种不同技术类型、不同层次、不同定义的系统！这主要是因为随着计算机技术、通信技术和网络技术的突飞猛进，关于OA的描述也在不断充实，但至今还没有人对OA下过最权威、最科学、最全面、最准确的定义。

其实OA的概念是动态的，进化论是其外延还是内涵，已与十几年前的OA发生了很大的变化。

如果将企业比作人的生命体，那么：OA系统就是人体中的神经网络系统，传递领导理念、指令，协调全身肌肉、四肢和谐运行，愉快工作，使企业充满生命力和战斗力，为企业提供一种管理新境界。

总体上讲，它是指一切可满足于企事业单位的、综合型的、能够提高单位内部信息交流、共享、流转处理的和实现办公自动化和提高工作效率的各种信息化设备和应用软件；它不是孤立存在的，而是与企事业单位其它各类管理系统（如电子政务系统、电子商务系统、CRM系统、ERP系统、财务系统）密切相关、有机整合。一个独立存在的OA办公自动化系统生命力及作用是薄弱的。——这也是目前最全面、最被认可的OA的概念。

OA是OFFICE AUTOMATION的缩写，本意为利用技术的手段提高办公的效率，进而实现办公的自动化处理。采用Internet/Intranet技术，基于工作流的概念，使企业内部人员方便快捷地共享信息，高效地协同工作；改变过去复杂、低效的手工办公方式，实现迅速、全方位的信息采集、信息处理，为企业的管理和决策提供科学的依据。一个企业实现办公自动化的程度也是衡量其实现现代化管理的标准。OA从最初的以大规模采用复印机等办公设备为标志的初级阶段，发展到今天的以运用网络和计算机为标志的现阶段，对企业办公方式的改变和效率的提高起到了积极的促进作用。

OA软件解决企业的日常管理规范化、增加企业的可控性、提高企业运转的效率的基本问题，范围涉及日常行政管理、各种事项的审批、办公资源的管理、多人多部门的协同办公、以及各种信息的沟通与传递。可以概括的说，OA软件跨越了生产、销售、财务等具体的业务范畴，更集中关注于企业日常办公的效率和可控性，是企业提高整体运转能力不可缺少的软件工具。

毕业论文日文怎么说(大家帮忙用日语翻译一下我毕业论文用有悬赏谢谢各位)

1.大家帮忙用日语翻译一下 我毕业论文用 有悬赏 谢谢各位

虚心に外国の进んだ文化を学ぶことは、日本民族が进歩していく出発点であり，日本人の谦虚で礼仪正しい学习态度にそのほとばしる気持が现れている。

中华文化の学习と模仿にについては言うまでもなく、有名な右翼反中国分子さえ唐诗や宋词を开けば心の中に郷愁がこみ上げてくる。それは文化的郷愁であり、文化の根である。

今日に至るまで、日本の年号、皇族の名前などは、なお全て中国の典籍に由来している。例えば、现在の年号「平成」は、书経の「地平天成」と史记の「内平外成」からとられている。

私は前に日本の中学生の国语の教科书を见たことがあるが、彼らは中一から论语と李白、杜甫を勉强している。最も惊いたことは、大学入试に汉文の试験があることである。

试みに1999年の问题を解いてみたが、耻ずかしいことに全问正解ではなかった。また、教科书を贷してくれた学生に「このようなものを勉强するのは好きですか？」と闻いてみたところ、「李白の诗は好きだけれど、そのほかのものにはあまり兴味はないし、それほど力を入れて勉强していない。

英语により多くの时间をかける方が重要です。」と答えた。

この学生の英语学习への情热から、ふと150年前の福沢谕吉の感慨を思い出した。福沢谕吉は日本近代の著名な启蒙思想家であり、日本の「思想の父」と崇（あが）められることもある。

著书に「脱亜论」があり、その肖像は现在日本で额面が最大の1万円札に印刷されている。彼は1862年に中国には英语を教えられる者が十数人しかいないことを知って（当时の日本にはすでに五百人余りが英语教师の任に着くことができた）、一言言った、「终わった、清国は终わった」と。

このことから、私はまた、西洋列强が日本を开国させた时、天皇が国民に申し渡した一言を思い出した。それは、过去に中国人を尊重したように西洋人を尊重するように」というものであった。

それ以后、日本は西洋の模仿を始め、「脱亜入欧」を进めていった。日本の典籍「菅家遗戒」の中で最も有名な论述は「和魂汉才」であり、千年近く伝えられてきたが、明治维新后は、直ちに新语「和魂洋才」が出现した。

この言叶は今日に至るまで広く使用されている。 以上のことから、日本人の学习は选択的なものであり、日本人の谦虚さにも【必ず彼より强くならなければならない】という前提があることがわかる。

2.我的日语毕业论文该怎么写啊

哈哈，看看这些吧，也可以做下参考的哦 1、[日语毕业论文]中日文化近代化的比较研究（以梁启超和福泽谕吉为中心） [日语毕业论文]中日文化近代化的比较研究（以梁启超和福泽谕吉为中心）目次要旨2はじめに4一 梁啓超と福沢谕吉の时代的背景の特徴の异同について.5二 梁啓超と福沢谕吉の思想の形成及び、福沢谕吉が梁啓超に。

类别：外语论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2008-09-27 2、[日语毕业论文]岩井俊二の映画（极端な美学の魅力） [日语毕业论文]岩井俊二の映画（极端な美学の魅力）目次1.はじめに.12.「唯美」から岩井式の极端な美学を见る32.1「唯美」を表す代表作品.32.2「唯美」を表す色彩.42.3细い点の描写について。. 类别：外语论文 大小：127 KB 日期：2008-09-27 3、[日语毕业论文]山部赤人の叙景歌における「静と动」の世界 [日语毕业论文]山部赤人の叙景歌における「静と动」の世界はじめに第一章、山部赤人の叙景歌第一节山部赤人の叙景歌第二节「静と动」という角度からの考察の可能性第二章、赤人の叙景歌における「静と动」の世界第。

类别：外语论文 大小：132 KB 日期：2008-09-27 4、[日语毕业论文]日本语における外来语の発音と元母音の発音に関する研究 [日语毕业论文]日本语における外来语の発音と元母音の発音に関する研究はじめに1. 外来语の歴史1.1 外来语の定义1.2 外来语の由来1.2.1 室町时代から江户时代初期まで1.2.2 江户时代の后半。 类别：外语论文 大小：82 KB 日期：2008-09-27 5、インタビューにおけるポライトネスストラテジーの考察（日本语と中国语の対照を中心に）[关于礼貌的日语毕业论文] インタビューにおけるポライトネスストラテジーの考察（日本语と中国语の対照を中心に）[日语毕业论文]要旨ポライトネスは、人间が円滑なコミュニケーションを行うために使う重要な手段である。

カ。 类别：外语论文 大小：245 KB 日期：2008-09-27 6、[日语毕业论文]日本漫画の影响について（中国に対する影响を中心に） 日本漫画の影响について（中国に対する影响を中心に）[日语毕业论文]要旨本论文は、日本现代文化を代表するものの一つである日本漫画の影响力について総合的に検讨する。

特に、日本の漫画事业とその関连事业がわれ。 类别：外语论文 大小：147 KB 日期：2008-09-27 7、暧昧语から见る日本人[日语毕业论文] 暧昧语から见る日本人[日语毕业论文]目 次はじめに1.暧昧语の言语表现1.1 日常会话の类1.2 言外の意味の类1.3 多义语の类1.4 婉曲法の类1.5 省略形式の暧昧さ2. 暧昧语と日本人2.1 。

类别：外语论文 大小：122 KB 日期：2008-09-27 8、中日両国は神话に対する研究[日语论文] 中日両国は神话に対する研究[日语论文]目 次0.はじめに 11中国と日本の「创世神话」1.1中国の创世神话1.1.1盘古1.1.2女娲1.1.3伏羲と女娲の创世神话1.2日本の创世神话2中日両国创世神。 类别：外语论文 大小：56 KB 日期：2008-09-27 9、日本の英语教育（口语能力育成について）[日语论文]开题报告+任务书+文献综述+正文 日本の英语教育（口语能力育成について）[日语论文]开题报告+任务书+文献综述+正文目 次0.はじめに 11.先行研究と本研究の立场 11.1英语教育に関する従来の研究 1 1.2本研究の立场 2。

类别：外语论文 大小：240 KB 日期：2008-09-27 10、[日语专业毕业论文]日本のドラマから日中の文化の差别を见る [日语专业毕业论文]日本のドラマから日中の文化の差别を见る要旨 私の小学校の时、日本のドラマは中国でとっても流行でした。课も知れなくてこともの好きだったでしょう。

第一回が异国のドラマを受けるのはとて。 类别：毕业论文 大小：122 KB 日期：。

毕业论文封面讲师英语怎么说(大学里的“讲师”应该怎样翻译成英语?)

1.大学里的“讲师”应该怎样翻译成英语?

讲师的英文翻译是lecturer，在句中作为名词使用，具体释义如下：

lecturer

英 [ˈlektʃərə（r）] 美 [ˈlɛktʃəɚ]

n.演讲者；（大学或学院中的）讲课者，授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师

相关短语：

1、Senior Lecturer 高级讲师 ； 资深讲师 ； 初级讲师 ； 高讲师

2、lecturer synopsis 讲师资历 ； 讲师简介 ； 讲师资力量历

3、University Lecturer 大学讲师 ； 讲师 ； 正在翻译

4、Principal Lecturer 首席讲师

5、professional lecturer 讲座教授

扩展资料

相关例句：

1、Rainey was an unimpressive, rather dull lecturer.

雷尼是个平庸而且相当乏味的老师。

2、He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US.

他的讲座在美国很受欢迎。

3、A lecturer was engaged as an associate professor.

一名讲师被高聘为副教授。

4、The lecturer used to do well, but he seems to have gone off now.

这个讲师以前挺好，但如今似乎讲得差了。

5、The lecturer spouted for hours.

讲师滔滔不绝地讲了几个小时。

2.大学里的讲师用英语怎么说

讲师 lecturer以下是常用的职称翻译：教授 professor副教授 associate professor讲师 lecturer助教 teaching assistant高级讲师 senior lecturer助理讲师 assistant lecturer教员 teacher研究员 professor副研究员 associate professor助理研究员 assistant professor研究实习员 assistant engineer高级实验师 senior engineer实验师 engineer助理实验师 assistant engineer实验员 technician高级工程师 senior engineer工程师 engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer技术员 technician高级农艺师 senior agronomist农艺师 agronomist助理农艺师 assistant agronomist农业技术员 agrotechnician高级兽医师 senior veterinarian兽医师 veterinarian助理兽医师 assistant veterinarian兽医技术员 technician高级畜牧师 senior engineer畜牧师 engineer助理畜牧师 assistant engineer畜牧技术员 technician高级经济师 senior economist经济师 economist助理经济师 assistant economist经济员 technician高级会计师 senior certified public accountant会计师 certified public accountant助理会计师 assistant certified public accountant会计员 accountant高级统计师 senior statistician统计师 statistician助理统计师 assistant statistician统计员 statistical worker编审 professor副编审 associate professor编辑 editor助理编辑 assistant editor技术编辑 technical editor助理技术编辑 assistant technical editor技术设计员 technician研究馆员 professor副研究馆员 associate professor馆员 librarian助理馆员 assistant librarian管理员 library staff主任医师 professor副主任医师 associate professor主治医师 attending doctor医师 doctor医士 medical assistant主任药师 chief pharmacist副主任药师 associate chief pharmacist主管药师 pharmacist药师 pharmacist药士 assistant pharmacist主任护师 chief nurse副主任护师 associate chief nurse主管护师 nurse护师 nurse护士 nurse主任技师 chief technician副主任技师 associate chief technician主管技师 technician技师 technician技士 assistant technician博士后 post doctor博士生 doctor student硕士生 master student。

毕业论文有没有英语(本科毕业论文需要英文摘要吗)

1.本科毕业论文需要英文摘要吗

本科毕业论文需要英文摘要，一般中文与英文并存。

论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。 中文摘要一般不宜超过300字，外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。

除了实在迫不得已，摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。摘要可用另页置于题名页（页上无正文）之前，学术论文的摘要一般置于题名和作者之后，论文正文之前，与关键字置于上下。

扩展资料： 毕业论文撰写意义： 1、撰写毕业论文是检验学生在校学习成果的重要措施，也是提高教学质量的重要环节。大学生在毕业前都必须完成毕业论文的撰写任务。

申请学位必须提交相应的学位论文，经答辩通过后，方可取得学位。可以这么说，毕业论文是结束大学学习生活走向社会的一个中介和桥梁。

毕业论文是大学生才华的第一次显露，是向祖国和人民所交的一份有分量的答卷，是投身社会主义现代化建设事业的报到书。 一篇毕业论文虽然不能全面地反映出一个人的才华，也不一定能对社会直接带来巨大的效益，对专业产生开拓性的影响。

但是，实践证明，撰写毕业论文是提高教学质量的重要环节，是保证出好人才的重要措施。 2、通过撰写毕业论文，提高写作水平是干部队伍“四化”建设的需要。

党中央要求，为了适应现代化建设的需要，领导班子成员应当逐步实现“革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化”。这个“四化”的要求，也包含了对干部写作能力和写作水平的要求。

3、提高大学生的写作水平是社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设的需要。在新的历史时期，无论是提高全族的科学文化水平，掌握现代科技知识和科学管理方法，还是培养社会主义新人，都要求我们的干部具有较高的写作能力。

在经济建设中，作为领导人员和机关的办事人员，要写指示、通知、总结、调查报告等应用文；要写说明书、广告、解说词等说明文；还要写科学论文、经济评论等议论文。 在当今信息社会中，信息对于加快经济发展速度，取得良好的经济效益发挥着愈来愈大的作用。

写作是以语言文字为信号，是传达信息的方式。信息的来源、信息的收集、信息的储存、整理、传播等等都离不开写作。

参考资料来源：百度百科——论文摘要 参考资料来源：百度百科——毕业论文。

2.本科毕业论文是不是一定要用中文写,不能用英文写

我感觉根本就没有这方面的规定，我刚才查了好多地区教育部门下发的关于毕业论文的红头文件，里没根本没有规定毕业论文必须是中文，但毕业论文中都提到字数，我想所谓“字数”就是论文中中文的字数，我英文不是很好，不太会数英文的字数，只能数出字母数来。。所以即使你在这件事上要叫针的话，然估计教育部门给你的答复肯定是用中文写。

中国人嘛，还是用中国文字写比较好吧。。只是可怜你还得把英文翻译过来了。。我想等你翻译过来后，你的英文水平也会有不小的提高的。。这可是两全齐美的事啊！！！

3.毕业论文 用英语怎么说

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。

thesis

n.论文，毕业论文；论点，论题；命题

扩展例句

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗？

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

发表毕业论文英语(英语毕业论文范文“howtoimprovetheabilityofenglishreading”)

1.英语毕业论文范文“how to improve the ability of english reading ”

Some people think that reading is a verysimple matter. You move your eyes along the line, and the author's message appears somehow in your mind. When a person is highly skilled as a reader, it does seem that something like that takes place. However, the actual reading process is quite complicated. Try to think back when you were first learning to read, or observe a young child learning to read. It is a very difficult, complex, sometimes, painful process. Reduced to its simplest elements, we might say that comprehension is a part of the communication process of getting the thoughts that were in the author's mind into the reader's, but how does one reader can get the idea clearly? It depends on the reading ability of the reader's. How can the readers make improvements in reading? There are many skills to improve one's ability of reading comprehension. One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .The number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. If you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. Obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. The more words you memorize, the faster you read the article. So, it is necessary to memorize words as much as you can. By the way, it should be realized that approximately half of all written English material is composed of the 300 commonest words. Certain words then have a very high occurrence and are used over and over again. Since the English vocabulary is so vast, you cannot hope to master vocabulary only by learning your lessons in the classroom. Reading of course involves much more than simply knowing the dictionary meaning of individual words. When coping with unknown vocabulary. You have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. One of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. Guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. While reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. You can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. To be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. In order to improve reading ability. It's essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. Sentences are the basic building blocks for writing something that will be read. A sentence, as a larger unit of meaning, is always about something--its subject--and always has a statement about the subject. The form of a sentence may be vary, but the subject and the statement about it are always there. The idea conveyed by a sentence will always come to you as a whole. So being familiar with various sentence patterns and being able to have a good sense of what is conveyed by a sentence, even a very long one with some clauses inside, will be helpful for a more mature and efficient reading. So do the paragraph and passage. But the paragraph and passage are more complex than the sentence. A paragraph has sentences that are connected with each other in some logical ways and a passage is the connection of the paragraphs.。

2.英语毕业论文的范文和格式

Generally speaking, a speech may have the following stylistic characteristics: To begin with, it must be very persuasive. Thus the sentence patterns are very well-organized, with repetitions, parallelism and contrasts frequently used. Secondly, it should be emotional so as to be convincing, because the speaker should face the audience directly and his words should not only be orderly and informative but also be expressive and inspiring. Therefore, the stylistic devices such as similes and metaphors are often involved. Finally, in many cases, written-conversational style is usually used with not very formal diction and not very complicated sentence structure. Bibliography: [1]. Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, August 28, 1963 [2]. Wang Shouyuan, Essentials of English Stylistics, Shandong University Press, July, 2000 [3]. Pan Shaozhang, English Rhetoric and Writing, Shanghai Transportation University Press, December, 1998 [4]. Widdowson, H. G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1975 [5]. Leech, G. N. “ 'This bread I break' Language and interpretation”. In D.C. Freeman. (ed.). Linguistics and Literature Style. New York:Holt, Rinhart & Winston. Acknowledgements: It was really a laborious task to accomplish a B.A thesis. Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I'd like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, vice professor Mr. Liu Fagong, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I'd like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English College, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future. A Brief Introduction to the Author: Su Zhanghai, a student in Class One 1988 Grade, majoring in English Education, and a well-to-be teacher in Shandong Agricultural University, who whole-heartedly gives his best wishes to all the teachers in Qufu Normal University.Article resource :。

3.英语专业怎么发表学术论文,有没有小tips

1.先请身边的同学或者教授阅读你的研究论文。他们应该检查你论文的语法，拼写错误，排字，数据。他们会告诉你什么是清楚的易于理解的你的受众群体。让两三个人审阅你的论文，但是至少有一位的研究领域一个和你的要有区别，他们的“局外人观点”可能特别有价值，因为并不是所有的论文评审员都是你指定领域的专家。

2.选择最适合你论文的出版社。每一种出版物都有自己的读者和写作基调。“适合”在这里是至关重要的，在你的研究领域中最著名的杂志可能不是最适合你的，同时，不要认为你的论文永远都不适合于那个最好的出版社。

3.当你觉得准备好了就可以去投稿了。访问期刊网站上的指导原则和提交要求。一旦你确信你的论文符合所有的指导原则，通过适当的渠道提交论文。一次只将文章提交一个地方，别想着撒网捞鱼。在网上提交时，可以使用您的大学电子邮件帐户。这将你与学术机构联系起来，这增加了你论文的可信度。

4.在一段时间后你就会得到答复。一般很少有论文能立即得到接受的答复，冷静地处理你得到的答复。比如：接受修改，修改和重新提交那就说明在考虑出版之前，需要不同程度修改，但仍然对您的论文非常感兴趣。拒绝和重新提交说明论文目前不考虑，除非进行大工程的修改。拒绝说明不适合出版。

5.接受评论和批评并加以修改。仔细研究他们的评论，并做出必要的改变。不要过分地依附于你的原始意见书，保持灵活性，并根据你收到的反馈重新加工文件。然而有时候你对你的论文观点十分的坚持，平静地跟评论员的谈论，你觉得你的论文是正确的。与编辑展开对话，恭敬而自信地解释你的想法。

4.英文论文的详细格式

英文论文的详细格式：一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文（如英语毕业论文）一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下：第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行（通常为by，居中）的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期（均居中）。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名（如：Dr./Prof.C.Prager）及本门课程的编号或名称（如：English 734或British Novel）。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为0.6cm（论文其他部分行距同此）。

二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下：先在第一行（与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右）的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。

各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。

如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。

（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。

段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码（但应计算其页数），自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角（即空出第一行，在其后部）打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字（或其最后一位）应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。

美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。

美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited， 其格式须注意下列几点：目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码（但必须计算页数），其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。

在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料：发表论文作用：论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。

不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生 毕业需要；教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。2、申报基金、课题 ：教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的。

5.英语专业论文Introduction和Abstract要怎么写

Abstract字数少，内容笼统，包复括：

1. background position

2.aim and thesis of the article

3.method of research

4.results of research

Introduction要写的更细一些，在background在里要写之前别人的研究，你对实验制结果的假设，在Aim里写你的research的具体详细的目标，zhidao还有针对这个目标，那几个问题是最有价值的，并把它们写下来。

毕业论文的英语怎么说(毕业论文用英语怎么说?)

1.毕业论文 用英语怎么说?

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。

thesis

n.论文，毕业论文；论点，论题；命题

扩展例句

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗？

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

2.毕业论文 用英语怎么说?

毕业论文是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。

thesisn.论文，毕业论文；论点，论题；命题 扩展例句1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis. 他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。 2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination？ 这个命题经得起推敲吗？ 3、He has finished his thesis. 他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis. 她那篇论文写出来了。 5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕. 请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning. 文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

3.急!毕业论文的英文翻译

On Hong Kong after the reunification of Hong Kong films in the direction of the ups and downs

Abstract:

Hailed as "Oriental Hollywood" in Hong Kong, Asia has created a film of a miracle. 11 handover, Hong Kong has quietly changed many aspects. Hong Kong and the film has undergone enormous changes. Hong Kong's economy is closely related with Hong Kong film, after the handover of Hong Kong's economic ups and downs continue to decline, so after the handover of Hong Kong films must change, must be gone from a stagnant, declining to changes in the transition process, this process is difficult. But after the transformation of Hong Kong films that will usher in a new spring.

Key words: Hong Kong film; regression; development of fusion

4."论文"用英语怎么说

“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。

*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论

*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式

*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文

*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文

*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的

5.毕业论文 英语翻译

Fourth, related party transactions of listed companies standardize recommendations China's listed companies on disclosure of related party transactions, and would only require disclosure of related party transactions, related party transactions of the content, quantity, the amount of the transaction, as well as the impact of the company, but the lack of a basis for pricing of related party transactions. The lack of an independent third party (independent director or financial advisor) for the transaction is fair and reasonable opinions. China's related party transactions of the imperfect system of information disclosure, non-normative transactions that can be boring legal loopholes. First, to improve the disclosure of related party transactions of the accounting standards. China's "Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises?? Related parties and its easy to disclosure" provisions of the disclosure of related party transactions should be guided by the principle of importance, but because of the importance of the application of the principle, and more to rely on professional judgments, only the contents of the disclosure guidance, so that there are some companies for some of the more sensitive the disclosure of related party transactions not disclosed. Disclosure standards in determining when the amount of transaction is often used as the basis, rather than related party transactions of an enterprise's financial situation and operating results to determine the extent of the impact that these issues need to be refined system. Associated pricing policy is a key issue, the guidelines only suggest that the pricing policy should be disclosed, but what it does not spell out the pricing policy, some listed companies in the purchase and sale prices are usually linked to disclose "price in accordance with the price of the implementation of the agreement," but the price What is the number of investors still do not know. Therefore, the transaction should continue to improve the relevance of accounting standards, so that rule-based information disclosure. Second, the norms of market intermediaries, intermediary organizations to play a supervisory role. Related party transactions in the most critical factor is the price of related party transactions, capital occupation fee, asset-price factors, such as assessment of prices. And the information disclosed by the end of Certified Public Accountants and other social auditing agency. However, many accounting firms do not regulate the operation, accounting firms from auditing listed companies, often to meet the unreasonable demands of listed companies, listed companies with collusion and reduces audit quality, in order to make use of related party transactions of listed companies transfer profits to open the door. Should further standardize the accounting firms and assets assessment of the operation of firms, to do a good job auditing, assets evaluation of the work of the social intermediary clearance, to ensure the authenticity of information disclosure, the legitimacy and integrity. Third, strengthen law enforcement. Did not comply with the guidelines on disclosure should be punished, on the actual damage has resulted in severe punishment in particular. Controlling shareholder of the corresponding sanctions in the absence of constraints, the use of control over the manipulation of related party transactions, will be more inclined against the interests of the company, causing damage to the interests of small shareholders. To this end, the accounting law: When the company's shareholders forced the company acts contrary to normal business conditions, loss of interest to a third party, the act should bear the responsibility of the consequences. Can learn from international practice, formulate corresponding shareholder derivative litigation system and the controlling shareholder compensation system to protect the interests of small and medium investors. Fourth, the normative relationship between related enterprises. As a result of the development of China's securities market is one of the purposes of service of state-owned enterprise reform, many enterprises listed subsidiary of Holdings listed on the use of such "spin-off market" and associated enterprises do not regulate their own behavior, so that large listed companies with controlling shareholders or a major shareholder of related party transactions between the high frequency. In order to avoid the use of related party transactions of listed companies to manipulate profits, listed in the enterprise restructuring process, should regulate the relationship between related enterprises, the enterprises listed before the。

6."论文"用英语怎么说

论文： paper ; thesis经济学 | 计算机科学技术 | 法学 | 管理学paper The paper comprises seven chapters text.论文共七章。

扩展资料1、我们将在一起审阅这些论文。We shall go through these papers together2、我终于写完了李教授要的论文。

I finally popped that paper for Professor Li3、教授已经把我的论文搁置一个月了。The professor has turned aside my paper for a month4、这里你列举出你的论文所做出的新知识的贡献。

Here you list the contributions of new knowledge that your thesis makes. 5、此时此刻，这个系统仅存在于论文和电脑里。Right now the system exists only on paper and in the computer6、在经济发展方面，这是最优秀的论文之一。

It's one of the best papers on economic development参考资料百度百科-英语单词。

毕业论文的摄氏度怎么说(摄氏度的意思是什么)

1.摄氏度的意思是什么

摄氏度是温标单位，摄氏温标（C）的温度计量单位，用符号℃表示，是世界上使用较为广泛的温标之一。

摄氏度（℃）是目前世界上使用较为广泛的一种温标。摄氏温标的温度计量单位，用符号“℃”表示。指在1标准大气压下，纯净的冰水混合物的温度为0度，水的沸点为100度，其间平均分为100份，每一等份为1度，记作1℃。摄氏度现已纳入国际单位制（SI）。T(K)=t（℃）+273.15,T为绝对温标。

扩展资料：

1742年的时候，瑞典的一位天文学家叫做摄尔修斯，他所定义的一套标准，所以叫做摄氏度嘛。不过有趣的是，他最开始定义摄氏温标的时候是把水的冰点定义为100度，沸点定义为0度，就是刚好和我们现在是倒过来的。为啥这么定义呢，因为他是为了避免常用的温度出现负数。生活中比水的冰点还低的温度很容易出现，但是比水的沸点还高的温度就不太容易出现。比如冬天-20℃，按照他的标准就变成了120℃。

一年之后法国人克里斯汀，他就说你这套标准是挺好的，但是要是倒过来就更好了，就是我们现在所使用的摄氏温标，就是在标准大气压下，以水的冰点为0度，以水的沸点为100度，然后进行100等分，每一等分是1摄氏度。克里斯汀还是比较尊重摄尔修斯的，没有叫“克氏度”，还是沿用了摄氏度的叫法。

参考资料来源：

百度百科-摄氏度

2.摄氏度用英语怎么说

摄氏度英文表达：degree Celsius

读音：英 [diˈɡri： ˈselsi：əs] 美 [dɪˈɡri ˈsɛlsiəs]

相关用法：例如5℃，我们就可以读成five degrees centigrade 或者five degrees Celsius；我们人体的温度37℃就可以读成thirty-seven degrees centigrade 或者thirty-seven degrees Celsius 。

零度的表示方法：zero degrees centigrade，这是习惯用法，degree作为可数名词，1度不用加“S”。

零度以下的温度的表达：例如 —5℃，一般我们有两种说法。

第一种，直接用minus，然后后面加上度数就可以了，因此它可以说成是minus five degrees，往往这时候我们会把centigrade省略不说了；

第二种是把温度说在前面，然后后面再加上below zero ，所以零下5度就可以表达成five degrees below zero，当然还可以把zero换成freezing,five degrees below freezing.

有时在口语中，degrees还常常会被省略掉，直接说成five below zero或five below freezing例如：那天天气很冷，零下五度。It was rather cold that day, five below zero. 不过第一种用minus表达的更常见和地道些。

扩展资料

degree的单词用法：

1、degree的基本意思是“度”。可指图形的角度，也可指坡度，更常用于指温度。

2、degree用作温度的“度数”时，是科技术语，用作可数名词，有时可缩写为deg，常与介词at连用，表示“零摄氏度以上”； 与介词of连用时，表示“零摄氏度以下”。

3、degree作“程度”解时可用作不可数名词，也可用作可数名词，受不定冠词a修饰。指“在某种程度上”时，常与介词to连用。

4、degree指“某学科的学位”时，是可数名词，常与介词in连用。

5、degree还可以作“社会地位”解，此时是不可数名词。

3.化学毕业论文中文摘要翻译

In organic synthesis because of some reaction of the synthesis by conventional hard to achieve the desired purpose or relatively complicated, so rearrangement is an effective way. Rearrangement reaction of high efficiency and high stereoselectivity. I passed a lot of relevant information available on the molecular rearrangement of the benzidine rearrangement reaction. To o-nitrotoluene as the raw material, after a two-step chemical reaction synthesis of 3,3 `- dimethyl benzidine: o-nitrotoluene in alkali zinc under conditions of 81 ~ 84 degrees Celsius in the range of 5 hours reaction, reduction of 2,2 `- DNPH; 2,2` - DNPH with 10% hydrochloric acid in the range of 0 to 5 degrees within two hours reaction, and then at room temperature (20 ~ 25 degrees) reaction 3 hours, to be `3,3 - dimethyl benzidine, a product for the gray solid, 45.5 percent yield.。

毕业论文重要吗怎么说(毕业论文很重要吗?)

1.毕业论文很重要吗?

在大学期间，我们应该学习更多的科学文化知识，如果在大学里，连科学文化知识都没有学的话，那一定是荒废，这样对自己的未来也是很不利的，而大学的毕业论文则是检验一个人在大学期间学习的科学文化知识的方法。

首先，你的毕业论文的写作的好坏在很大程度上取决于你在大学期间的所学的知识，如果你在大学期间认真学习的话，相信你一定能写好你的毕业论文的，所以说学校很重视毕业论文的写作。 其次，你的毕业论文在学校是会被存档的，这样的话，你的论文一直被保存着，相信没有人会愿意让一篇不好的论文被这样保存着。

2.大学生的毕业论文很重要吗

当前在大学校园里流行着这样的一些说法：很多大学生认为上大学就是为了拿到毕业证、学位证还有四六级、计算机证书，对于毕业论文的写作则是复制、粘贴的心态，有这种想法的以本科生居多。原因是：本科生数量多，毕业论文要求相对较低，而老师对本科生论文的把关也相对不严格。

毕业论文是对大学四年来专业知识学习的综合考量，如果一个大学生读了四年大学后连一篇像样的论文都拿不出手，那说明大学基本上读的不成功，毕业论文的重要性在国内还没有充分地体现出来，国外很多国家大学宽进严出的体制下，对毕业论文的要求是相当严格的，同时学生对毕业论文也是高度重视，因为毕业论文关乎到能否顺利毕业，国内大学虽然也将毕业论文和毕业挂了勾，但具体的实施起来却马马虎虎，导致了学生对毕业论文的态度也是松松散散。

3.学术论文的重要性

● 本科在读（拿奖学金，评三好学生） 现在的学生都比我们当年聪明，都知道想办法发几篇文章，终测的时候加些分数就可以拿到奖学金了，版面费也就赚回来了，这样即得了名，又得了利，真是比较绝！想当初，我们只是傻不拉唧的一到考试就突击，一考完就打老师电话，早知道再加上这一手，年年也是三好学生了。 ● 毕业生（找工作需求）人到毕业写简历的时候，才知道原来自己可以拿得出来的东西是在是太少，但是一时又没有什么表现机会，只好用发文章这个短平快的方式，水平高的，信息来源广的，一个晚上就搞定一篇文章。当初一个师兄毕业时有一篇文章在手，多少同学羡慕呀！一谈到工作难，别人都说，你有一篇文章呢，还怕什么？管他有用没用，至少也增加自信了不是！● 保研推研生（找工作需求）现在研究生虽说是个鸡肋，但是就业形势是在太差，更多人还是愿意呆在象牙塔里继续骗自己，所以每年研究生都在扩招。竞争这么激烈，就更别说保研资格了。现在保研不比选美的程序复杂，学业成绩，社会实践，个人特长估计一些学校还会考虑一下长相身高都不觉得奇怪。不管怎样，研究生毕竟是与研究相关，还是学术水平站最核心的地位，这时有几篇文章，自然是能把很多人抛在后面了。我们当年就幸福多了，学校的研究生生源差呀，只看学习成绩，倒是简单了许多。● 硕士研究生毕业（在职，学位）：需要在核心刊物发表两篇论文。● 晋升中级职称（讲师，工程师）：需要本专业或相近专业论文三篇，公开发表，省级刊物● 晋升高级职称（高讲，副教授，高工）：需要本专业或相近专业学术论文五篇，公开发表，三篇国家级刊物，两篇省级刊物如果名额有限，需要核心刊物发表几篇。● 中学生保送

1.优秀的毕业论文是获取高学位的硬件。

走出国门、赴海外留学的绝大多数中国留学生，一般都是想通过在西方发达国家接受系统的高等教育，获得一个含金量更高且为国际社会广泛认可的学位，为自己将来事业的发展打下一个良好的基础。今后不论是在留学国求职，还是回国发展，拥有一个西方发达国家的学位，无疑是一个重要的筹码。

那么，对于只打算在国外读取普通学士学位或研究生文凭的留学生来说，不必撰写毕业论文，是不是写作好不好就没有关系了呢？答案是否定的，因为良好的写作能力是顺利完成学业的前提。

在英语国家读书，一般情况下，无论是攻读学士学位、研究生文凭课程还是硕士学位，学生们一般每学期都要学习一定数量的课程，除了听课和参加考试外，平时所留的作业主要以学术写作为主。在本科阶段，平时的作业成绩一般占课程总成绩的40%-60%，研究生阶段所占比例会更高一些，甚至有些课程的成绩全部由平时成绩构成。

2. 出色的写作技能是将来事业发展的基石。

相当比例的留学生有志于毕业后在国外寻找工作机会，或者回国进入跨国公司就职发展。要实现这些目标，除了具备良好的英语口语表达能力，娴熟的笔头功夫也是不可或缺的。撰写工作报告，交流业务信息，与客户沟通联络，这些日常的工作都需要具备良好的英语写作技能。留学生们留学期间练就的英语写作技能，在将来的求职就业、实际工作以至于事业发展过程中都会发挥积极的促进作用。因此，留学生们必须有意识的丰富写作知识，提高写作水平，为将来的工作和事业发展创造有利条件，积极训练这项在国外或外企工作的必备技能。

对于出国留学的中国学生来讲，无论打算是获取学位还是仅为获得文凭证书，只要是在西方国家的大学里学习，都离不开学术写作。着眼将来，事业的发展也需要出色的写作能力。因此，具备一定的学术写作技能，对每个出国留学的人来说，都是十分必要的

4.本科生毕业论文真的不重要吗

作为一名企业内部的科研工作者来说，对于论文的撰写有切身体会，企业内部特别是科研机构，如果职工只会干实事，却不能把科研成果用论文的形式真实、准确地表达出来，那其工作的含金量势必会降低许多，即使你的科研成果社会功效再大，生产率会提高很多，如果只凭你自己一张嘴巴讲讲，肯定不会有多少人相信，俗话说得好：“口说无凭”嘛。只有通过科研论文的形式反映在纸面上，让大家有源可索有因可究，才有可能得到别人的认可，也才有可能把你的科研成果实行生产力的转变，“科学技术是第一生产力。”因此说，一个人如果只会干却不会写，总是令人遗憾的。其实不光是做科研工作的人要学会撰写论文，做其它工作的人也理应如此，其它许多工作中同样会遇到撰写类似于论文的可行性报告、调研报告、总结报告等等，而只有学会写、通过写这一种形式，才有可能让你的“嘴上功夫”转变成“纸上论剑”，才会让你的想法和说法更具说服力和可信度。

上面说了这么多道理，似乎与本科生毕业论文重要不重要关联不大，其实不然。就我个人认为，大学生在校期间，学习条件得天独厚，有疑问的地方还可以及时请教老师或同学，而参加工作后一旦需要写出相关的论文及其它报告材料等，就不会再有这么好的条件让他们去从头学习了。因此，大学生们抽出一部分时间学写一些论文、调查报告之类的文字肯定不是难事，对不久就要步入工作岗位的他们来说只会有益处。所以本科生写论文不单单是为毕业而写，而更应该看作是掌握一种工作技能，一种本领和特长，只有学会了写，也可为将来在工作中可能遇到的问题做个铺垫。

虽然说毕业设计（论文）的质量是衡量教学水平、学生毕业与学位资格认证的重要依据。但学校可以根据教育部的硬性规定做出适当的灵活变通。在校大学生所学的专业不一样，就不能千遍一律地让所有的大学生都立项选题写出论文，还可以有其它许多形式可以替代，只要达到同样的要求和效果就行了。比如说可以借鉴国外教育的经验，设立科研学分，创设本科生研究中心，让创新教育理念贯穿于大学生整个在校学习期间，把通过学期论文或研究综述等来考核，这样做的好处，一是可以提高大学生的科研能力和创新能力，拓宽学习思路，二是不会再让他们的毕业论文仅为毕业而写，且总与找工作的时间相冲突而降低了论文的撰写标准和科学水准，让弄虚作假、抄袭作弊现象无谓泛滥。话得说回来，灵活变通不是无原则的变通，而是需要学校的领导和老师转变一贯通行的教学模式，更新教学理念，加强对学生们论文质量的把关和管理，适时适当地帮助和指导学生学会这一技能。

综上所述，让大学生们学会写作论文、报告，进行综合研究等学习内容，有百利而无一害，虽然在这次调查中有42.5%的人认为本科毕业论文应该取消，但是我认为本科生的毕业论文不是该取消，而是要加强，让大学生们在有限的学习时间多掌握一项技能，不是很好吗？学校可以利用先天独厚的教学资源，根据学生们所学专业的不同努力为他们创造有利条件，采取尽量多种形式的考核方式来替代唯一的毕业论文撰写，同样会达到双赢的效果。

5.写毕业论文最重要的是什么

个人感觉写毕业论文最重要的是选题，题目是第一位的工作，一个好的题目决定了论文的质量。

另外，写毕业论文要注意以下及点： 首先是“细心”，数据的收集整理都要非常细心的放在自己特定的文件夹里，将数据测试条件，样品特征等都要写清楚，并且做好备份，防止数据丢失，这样写论文的时候对数据就能随手捻来，而不用再地毯式搜索了； 其次是“专心”，也就是说写毕业论文的时候最好要专心致志，将自己与外界处在半隔离状态，这样可以长时间对论文结构进行构思，对数据进行处理，找出自己论文创新之处，从而写出一篇满意的文章； 再次，要“虚心”，也就是说论文大致完成后要找导师和同学来挑毛病，对于他们的意见要虚心接受，不能因为自己付出了很大心血写了一篇自己较为满意的文章被别人批得狗屁不是而不愿接受合理地意见； 还要注意“创意”要新，要找出自己工作和前人不同的创新点，并且不要虚拔高自己工作的创新意义；切合“题意”，也就是说论文题目要和内容切合，不能太虚泛，也不能太狭窄。

6.写毕业论文的目的与意义

撰写毕业论文是检验学生在校学习成果的重要措施，也是提高教学质量的重要环节。大学生在毕业前都必须完成毕业论文的撰写任务。申请学位必须提交相应的学位论文，经答辩通过后，方可取得学位。

可以这么说，毕业论文是结束大学学习生活走向社会的一个中介和桥梁。毕业论文是大学生才华的第一次显露，是向祖国和人民所交的一份有分量的答卷，是投身社会主义现代化建设事业的报到书。

一篇毕业论文虽然不能全面地反映出一个人的才华，也不一定能对社会直接带来巨大的效益，对专业产生开拓性的影响。但是，实践证明，撰写毕业论文是提高教学质量的重要环节，是保证出好人才的重要措施。

扩展资料；

毕业论文是学术论文的一种形式，为了进一步探讨和掌握毕业论文的写作规律和特点，需要对毕业论文进行分类。由于毕业论文本身的内容和性质不同，研究领域、对象、方法、表现方式不同，因此，毕业论文就有不同的分类方法。

按内容性质和研究方法的不同可以把毕业论文分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式，这里不作介绍。文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。

理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算，有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。

另一种是以对客观事物和现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，研究方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比，提出某种新的理论和新的见解。

参考资料来源：百度百科-毕业论文

初中毕业论文英语作业(一篇英语初中毕业论文100词左右)

1.一篇英语初中毕业论文100词左右

Hello,I'm ***. I'm ** years old and I study in xxx Middle School. My school is 。Every morning I get up at seven and have breakfast. And then I go to school at half past seven. Lessons begin at eight o'clock. We have four lessons in the morning and Chinese is my favourite lesson. We usually have 10 minute's break between two lessons and at about 12 o'clock we finish our morning lessons. I have lunch at school at twelve thirty.I like school lunch and I always have rice with meat and vegetables. After lunch I often talk with my friends or play basketball with them. In the afternoon lessons start at half past one and finish at four o'clock. I play games after school with my friends and then go home at half past four. In the evening I do my homework and then watch TV. At ten o'clock I go to bed. It's really a busy day but I like it. during the syudy at this school , i really learned a lot ,thanks for my teacher , i also learned how to be a person , thanks for the school , it gave me many happiness , i will remember you wherever i go

仅供参考

2.初中英语小论文九篇

第一篇Hi,I'm xxx. I'm 13 years old and I study in xxx Middle School. My school is 。

Every morning I get up at seven and have breakfast. And then I go to school at half past seven. Lessons begin at eight o'clock. We have four lessons in the morning and Chinese is my favourite lesson. We usually have 10 minute's break between two lessons and at about 12 o'clock we finish our morning lessons. I have lunch at school at twelve thirty.I like school lunch and I always have rice with meat and vegetables. After lunch I often talk with my friends or play basketball with them. In the afternoon lessons start at half past one and finish at four o'clock. I play games after school with my friends and then go home at half past four. In the evening I do my homework and then watch TV. At ten o'clock I go to bed. It's really a busy day but I like it.第二篇 As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous第三篇 保护水资源： As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous.翻译如下：正如大家看到世界人口增长迅速日。 给这类大的人口需要有足够的淡水。

怎么还有与工业事务局研究工厂和车辆产生有毒气体或，因此导致污染的水的废物。 虽然新鲜的可以不再使用好的量。

只有很有限的新鲜水资源可供人类。 因此，它是我们人类采取快速行动，保护水资源的时候了。

停止污染和保存水，否则，我们不能生存在地球上。 新鲜的水世界将会繁荣。

改革开放：It has been thirty years since China started reform and began a policy of opening up China to the outside world.This has resulted in great changes taking place in various fields. With the nine-year compulsory education（九年制义务教育） program,all children have the chance to be educated.In the past 30 years,China has made great progress in science and technology.In 2003,China launched its first manned spaceship and fulfilled its first space walk in 2008.As economy is developing fast,people's living conditions have greatly improved. In addition,there have also been great changes in sports.The 29th Olympics were successfully hosted in Beijing and Chinese athletes won the most gold medals. I'm really proud of the great achievements in the past 30 years.It is the leadership of the Communist Party and the great efforts of us Chinese people that made all these possible.Nowadays,people are working hard towards a more advanced and harmonious society.I'm sure China will have a brighter future and Chinese people will live a happier life.第四篇保护水资源： As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous.翻译如下：正如大家看到世界人口增长迅速日。 给这类大的人口需要有足够的淡水。

怎么还有与工业事务局研究工厂和车辆产生有毒气体或，因此导致污染的水的废物。 虽然新鲜的可以不再使用好的量。

只有很有限的新鲜水资源可供人类。 因此，它是我们人类采取快速行动，保护水资源的时候了。

停止污染和保存水，否则，我们不能生存在地球上。 新鲜的水世界将会繁荣。

改革开放：It has been thirty years since China started reform。

3.初一英语小论文10篇

Fashion show is an art show, clothing and is the perfect combination of fashion is a trend, and the pursuit of high standards. Fashion show is one of style, a style of the United States. The purpose, so that more people concerned about fashion, to understand the connotations of fashion, fashion show and make art, learning to make STYLE, to make high-level.Fashion show is a kind of consciousness exists, and the pursuit of beauty is a character. It is a kind of aesthetic development, not the pursuit of fashion is a kind of awareness of the United States is not perfect, but also in the new era, the fashion important in the development of society. secondary school students to follow the pursuit of social development, it should, and said it should be because of a wide range of fashion, fashion dress need not be limited to the above, we pursue fashion, life was more meaningful, it is more exciting!Hi,I'm xxx. I'm 13 years old and I study in xxx Middle School. My school is 。

Every morning I get up at seven and have breakfast. And then I go to school at half past seven. Lessons begin at eight o'clock. We have four lessons in the morning and Chinese is my favourite lesson. We usually have 10 minute's break between two lessons and at about 12 o'clock we finish our morning lessons. I have lunch at school at twelve thirty.I like school lunch and I always have rice with meat and vegetables. After lunch I often talk with my friends or play basketball with them. In the afternoon lessons start at half past one and finish at four o'clock. I play games after school with my friends and then go home at half past four. In the evening I do my homework and then watch TV. At ten o'clock I go to bed. It's really a busy day but I like it. What factors do you think have an impact on people's personalities? Self-actualization personality become part of our life--- The theory of self-actualization personality is the core of humanistic psychology. However, both humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychology are unaware of the fact that mental depressions have effect on the attainment of self-actualization personality. Mental depression comes into existence in human-being's infant stage and goes through their lifetime. It takes shape due to human-being's suffer from corporal agony, being anesthetized, emotional hurt or some negative impact. This thesis points out the origin, the role and the effect of mental depression. It also makes a preliminary study on the influence of eliminating mental depression.。

4.初中英语作文20篇【带翻译】

Everyone has their own dreams, I am the same. But my dream is not a lawyer, not a doctor, not actors, not even an industry. Perhaps my dream big people will find it ridiculous, but this has been my pursuit! My dream is to want to have a folk life! I want it to become a beautiful painting, it is not only sharp colors, but also the colors are bleak, I do not rule out the painting is part of the black, but I will treasure these bleak colors! Not yet, how about, a colorful painting, if not bleak, add color, how can it more prominent American? Life is like painting, painting the bright red color represents life beautiful happy moments. Painting a bleak color represents life difficult, unpleasant time. You may find a flat with a beautiful road is not very good yet, but I do not think it will. If a person lives flat then what is the point? Life is only a short few decades, I want it to go Finally, Each memory is a solid.翻译：每个人都有自己的梦想，我也一样。

但是我的梦想不是律师，不是医生，不是演员，甚至不是一种行业！我的梦想也许大人们会觉得可笑，但是，这是我一直追寻的！我的梦想是想要自己有一个七彩的人生！我要它成为一幅美丽的画，它不但要有鲜明的颜色，也要有暗淡的颜色，我不排除这幅画有一部分的黑色，我反而会很珍惜这些暗淡的颜色！不是吗，试问一下，一幅色彩鲜艳的画，如果不加一点暗淡的颜色，又怎能更突出它的美呢？人生就象画一样，画中鲜艳的颜色就代表着人生美丽快乐的时光。画中暗淡的颜色就代表着人生遭遇困难，不愉快的时候。

也许你会觉得拥有一条平坦美丽的路不是很好吗，但我并不觉得。一个人如果一生平坦那有什么意思呢？人生只有短短几十年，我要他走到最后时，每一个回忆都事充实的！亲你看看这篇行不行？你说要长点儿的话，好像我这篇又有点儿短。

亲你要是看着还顺眼的话，就凑活着用吧~~~~~（*^__^*） 嘻嘻……再给你两篇，是写朋友的，你自己选选~~~A friend is a person who can let you feel warm when you aredepressed. I have many friends.But XXX is my best friend.He is as old as me.He taller than me.Basketball is his favorite sport.We are in the same class.He is good at study.So his study is very good.We learn from each other and help each other.He will help me if i got in trouble.I will help he as much as I can. I hope our friendship will forever and ever.A friend is someone who can let you feel warm when you are depressed. I have many friends. However I only have one best friend and it's XXX. He is the same age as me. He is taller than me. Basketball is his favourite sport. We are in the same class. He likes studying and is good at it, so he gets high marks. We learn from each other and help each other. He will help me if I ever get into troubles. So will I. I hope our friendship will last forever and ever或My best friend and I get along with each other quite well. But we are so different. He is funnier, more outgoing than I am and i'm more serious. He is more athletic and likes to play all kinds of sports but I am smarter on study. My friend is wilder than me and I am calmer. He is tall, thin, strong,with short hair, And sometimes he is very careless and lazy. On the other hands, I am short, fat, weak, with shorthair. He is very helpful because I am very lazy and don't want to do any sports. And I will help him with his study.I think our friendship will last forever.翻译：朋友是当你在沮丧消沉的时候能给你温暖的人。因此我又很多朋友。

XXX是我最好的朋友。他和我一样大却比我高。

他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。我们是同班同学。

他的学习很棒，因此他的成绩很好。我们相互学习相互帮助。

我有困难的时候他会帮我，而他又困难我也会尽力帮他。我希望我们的友谊能天长地久。

或我和我最好的朋友相处的非常好，但是我们却各有不同。他比我更有趣，更外向，而我很严肃。

他是运动型的，各种体育运动都很喜欢，而我更擅长于学习。我的朋友相对狂野而我相对沉静。

他又高又瘦，但是很结实，留着短发。一些时候他马虎又懒散。

与他相比，我显得矮胖，而虚弱。我也是短头发。

他很乐于助人，因为我很懒不想做仍和运动。我会在学习上帮助他。

我希望我们的友谊能够持续到永远。

5.初三毕业感言（英语作文 不少于80词）

At graduation, I want to say to the classmates: thank you for me, and the other teachers, to the entire school things support!!!!! Are you the teacher of the sky, fly a pair of wings, the growth of happiness!

Time passed quickly, you by, unconsciously, you through the junior middle school three year study life. In three years, you leave footprints in the campus, and released, scattering the ideal sweat, harvest I wish, to take away the maturity, and left behind the memories. A few days to come, in my mind, often will save you present at his desk the homework situations; Crazy dozen laughter, Let the teacher force to eat breakfast things like; Creating art festival in song; On the sports ground endeavoring figure; More specific classmates stealing copy homework awkwardness; Climbing over the fence risk; Have help each other love; More in order to hit a small thing of reckless。。 . I think this is your life, is also growing occasionally I will.

Graduate, the separation, leaving gratitude, take it hope.

毕业之际，我想对同学们说：感谢你们对我、对其它老师、对全校事情的支持！你们是老师飞翔的天空，腾飞的翅膀，成长的快乐！

时光如梭，白驹过隙，不知不觉间，你们渡过了初中三年的学习生活。三年来，你们在校园里，留下了脚印，放飞了理想，挥洒了汗水，收成了但愿，带走了成熟，留下了回忆。几天来，在我的脑际里，时常会呈现存你们伏案作业的情形；疯狂打闹的笑声；让老师逼着吃早点的苦象；艺术节上的嘹亮歌声；体育场上拼博的身影；更有个别同学偷抄作业的狼狈；翻越围墙的危险；有互相帮助的友爱；更有为了点小事大打出手的鲁莽……。我觉得这是你生活中的偶尔，也是成长中我必然。

毕业之时，离别之际，留下的是感恩，带走的是希望。

6.谁给我两篇英文版初中英语教育毕业论文啊

On Comparison [Abstract] In this paper, the writer intends to conclude the usage of comparison: ways of expressing comparison; Single-,two- and three-variable comparison; Patial contrasts between comparison and main clause; the modifying elements in the comparative structure; incomplete, in consistent or illogical comparison; "than" different structure and some special usages of comparison. Key word: comparison 1 Ways of expressing comparison: There are many ways to express comparison--including comparison of equality, inequality and proportion. It can be expressed by a comparative clause or a simple sentence including comparison. Now we discuss the patterns individually: Comparison of equality: This is used to show that two persons or things are, on comparison, found to be equal in a certain respect. And we mainly use the following patterns to support it: A: Sub. +Predicate + as +adj./adv. +as +contrast element For examples: You are as tall as he (is). Your book is as new as mine(is) The students worked there as hard as the workers themselves. Now negative form: Sub.+[pred.+not]+as+adj./adv.+as+contrast-element For examples: This dictionary is not as thick as that one. He does not run as fast as Jack(runs). Jack is not as strong as Mike(is). More +adj/n.ete. B: Sub.+pred.+no+ less +than+contrast+element adj./adv.-er For examples: She is no less diligent than her elder sister. One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour(is). We too have a head and two hands and are no stupider than others. *4.Chinese women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of work in the socialist construction of their country. * Note: If the comparison between two subjects, the predicate should agree with the first subject. For example: He no less than you is (not "are") diligent.-He is no less diligent than you. C. Simple sentence This kind of comparison of equality is a simple sentence, supported by some words or phrases to express the comparison. Such as: " Same, the sameas, like, alike, equal, equal to ,similar, worth, identical" etc. For examples: The two children are exactly of same age. Jack is the same in height as peter. He was said to be quick-witted, like his father. Are the climates of California and Italy alike The depth of the seas equals the height of the mountains. The themes of the two novels are similar. An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.。

7.英语毕业论文范文“how to improve the ability of english reading ”

Some people think that reading is a verysimple matter. You move your eyes along the line, and the author's message appears somehow in your mind. When a person is highly skilled as a reader, it does seem that something like that takes place. However, the actual reading process is quite complicated. Try to think back when you were first learning to read, or observe a young child learning to read. It is a very difficult, complex, sometimes, painful process. Reduced to its simplest elements, we might say that comprehension is a part of the communication process of getting the thoughts that were in the author's mind into the reader's, but how does one reader can get the idea clearly? It depends on the reading ability of the reader's. How can the readers make improvements in reading? There are many skills to improve one's ability of reading comprehension. One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .The number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. If you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. Obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. The more words you memorize, the faster you read the article. So, it is necessary to memorize words as much as you can. By the way, it should be realized that approximately half of all written English material is composed of the 300 commonest words. Certain words then have a very high occurrence and are used over and over again. Since the English vocabulary is so vast, you cannot hope to master vocabulary only by learning your lessons in the classroom. Reading of course involves much more than simply knowing the dictionary meaning of individual words. When coping with unknown vocabulary. You have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. One of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. Guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. While reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. You can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. To be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. In order to improve reading ability. It's essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. Sentences are the basic building blocks for writing something that will be read. A sentence, as a larger unit of meaning, is always about something--its subject--and always has a statement about the subject. The form of a sentence may be vary, but the subject and the statement about it are always there. The idea conveyed by a sentence will always come to you as a whole. So being familiar with various sentence patterns and being able to have a good sense of what is conveyed by a sentence, even a very long one with some clauses inside, will be helpful for a more mature and efficient reading. So do the paragraph and passage. But the paragraph and passage are more complex than the sentence. A paragraph has sentences that are connected with each other in some logical ways and a passage is the connection of the paragraphs.。

毕业论文的各种英语说法(毕业论文用英语怎么说)

1.毕业论文 用英语怎么说

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。

thesis

n.论文，毕业论文；论点，论题；命题

扩展例句

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗？

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

2.论文写作中的英文如何表达

据学术堂了解，大多数作者撰写英文SCI论文时采用的是汉英笔译方式。这些作者需要从汉语思维和汉语表达转换到英语思维和英语表达，再根据SCI期刊的要求对译文进行编辑，才能写出比较地道的英文论文。有人将这样的科技论文英语写作过程称为“译写”，可谓恰如其分。

但是，许多作者不了解汉英翻译的全过程，将汉语原文直接转换成字面对应的英文，然后进入文本编辑程序，结果写出不规范的英文，没有表达出作者真实的思想，其他国家的读者也无法理解作者的意思。这种不合格的英文主要表现为“中式英语”（Chinglish）句式和“假朋友式”（false friends，源自法文fauxamis）的英语用词。

例1.

原句：In vivo,allthese peptides could elicit antibody response,especially DTC showed most highly elicit ability, even similar to HCLV Vaccine.

该句的汉语大意为：在体内，所有这些多肽都可以诱导出抗体应答，尤其是DTC表现出最强的诱导能力，甚至类似于HCLV疫苗的诱导能力。汉语表达对于国人不难理解，而英语如此对应表达，就难为了那些只能通过地道的英语来理解作者意思的读者。这句英文从“especially”往后，除了出现严重的句法结构错误以外，还有词语使用错误。根据文中的介绍，pTC的诱导能力强，是一个以“量”为概念的能力，用“capability”比用“ability”表达更合适。“类似于HCLV疫苗”与“similar to HCLV Vaccine”显然是一对“假朋友”，而“similar to that of HCLV Vaccine”才是那个汉语短语所表达的意思。因此，上句英文应该写为：

修改句：In vivo,allthese peptides elicited antibody response,with DTC showing the greatest elicitingcapability-similar to that of HCLV vaccine.

这样的英文既表达了汉语的原意，又能让英语读者正确理解，而且觉得语言纯正。

例2

原句：The detail RT-PCR procedure as mentionedabove.

这是论文“材料与方法”部分里的一句。其中文意思是，检测RT-PCR详细程序如上所述。这个英文句子就是对汉语句子的“死译”，作者如果熟悉SCI期刊里常用的英文表述，应该按照其真实情况写成如下英文：

修改句：The detecting of RT-PCR was performedas described in 2.1.

例3.

原句：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet occur to change

during germination.

下划线部分一看就是从中文字面上“死译”过来的英语表达，将“发生变化”译成“occur to change”。

修改句：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet change during germination .

或者更具体一些：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet increaseduring germination.

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