毕业论文英文摘要怎么翻译

毕业论文翻译违规吗(我的毕业论文老师说英文翻译错误``可以帮我翻译下吗)

1.我的毕业论文老师说英文翻译错误``可以帮我翻译下吗

1.The analysis of the factors that affect online consumers' purchase decision-Taking taobao.com as example.

2.On-line shopping,as a way of shopping, has been accepted by more and more people.

3.The appearance of NetEase Treasure-Storing Pavilion,which is as a domestic professional virtual goods exchanging net,indicates that virtual goods safety has gradually become perfect.We can buy the things we need easily at home.

拿别人的毕业论文翻译发sci(循证发了sci,但作为毕业论文应该加中文的吗)

1.循证发了sci,但作为毕业论文应该加中文的吗

SCI索引对科技工作者查阅最新文献、跟踪国际学术前沿、科研立项以及在具体的课题研究时及时了解国际动态都有很大帮助。

改革开放后，我国的学术界也是百花齐放，各类刊物都上了一个新的台阶，为了更好地与国际科研学术接轨，南京大学率先引进了SCI，并将其作为了科学评价体系，即科技工作者发表论文所在的刊物是否被SCI收录，其影响因子的高低是多少，这决定了对学者理论和研究评价的标准，出现这种现象，国内SCI检测机构纳斯科学论文编辑中心认为还是具有积极的意义，尽管存在了一定局限性，其积极意义将纠正国内学术界、科学界的裙带之风，门派之风，关系之风，SCI严谨、科学的评价结果，对我国科技工作者是一个重要的鞭策，一方面提高了广大科技工作者的视野，不再是“闭门造车”，另一方面，在与国际的接轨中展示了我国改革开放显著的科研成果。 就目前具有更多争议的命题——SCI究竟是否是衡量国内大学、科研机构和科学工作者学术水平的最重要尺度之一，小编认为，依据我国的国情和刊物发展的情况，这种评价标准有必要进行下去，SCI在我国的长远发展，势必刮起一股学术正风，对我国科教事业具有举足轻重的积极意义。

SCI每年出六期，现每期有 A、B、C、D、E、F六册。引文索引（Citation Index）SCI的引文索引由著者引文索引、团体著者引文索引、匿名引文索引、专利引文索引四部分组成。

1.著者引文索引（Citation Index : Authors）该索引按引文著者姓名字顺编排，可查到某著者的文献被人引用的情况。

引文索引的用途：可查到某位著者的文章被何人引用，有几篇文章被多少人多少次引用，可统计出每篇文章被引用的频率，用来评价科研人员的学术水平和某篇文章的质量。通过论文之间的引证关系，可以了解同行的研究动态和进展。通过引文索引还可做循环检索，即把所查到的引用著者当作被引用著者，这样就能查到更多更新的相关文献。

2.团体著者引文索引（Citation Index : Corporate Author Index）这部分是1996年第2期起增设的，以当期收录的被引文献的第一团体机构名称为检索标目，提供从已知机构名入手，检索该机构曾于何时何处发表的文章被引用的情况。

3.匿名引文索引（Citation Index : Anonymous）有些文献，如编辑部文章、按语、校正、通讯、会议文献等，也可作为引文被人引用，因无著者姓名，这些被引文献集中编成匿名引文索引。它按引文出版物名称的字顺排列，同名出版物按出版年、卷先后顺序排列。

4.专利引文索引（Patent Citation Index）如果引文是专利文献，则编入专利著者引文索引。该索引按专利号数字大小排列，用于查找引用某项专利的文献，了解该专利有什么新的应用和改进。同时，可了解某项专利被引用的次数，从而评价专利的价值。

2.请将下面这段话翻译成英文,急用,谢谢

Paper intends to choose to sign communication effect of calligraphy study of effects of, mainly with various contains elements for the study of calligraphy sign model, through to the Beijing Olympics, the Shanghai world expo, the classic example analysis, the logo, the cause of using calligraphy elements of development, communication effect and realistic significance of deeply explore, learn from good case, for advertising design and brand spread provide experience.

毕业论文英文摘要怎么对齐(中英文摘要怎么写规范)

1.中英文摘要怎么写规范

根据学术堂的了解，中英文摘要写作规范主要为下面五点： 1、简洁.摘要一般要有中文摘要和与之对应的外文摘要.中文摘要一般不宜超过200-300字（如遇特殊需要字数可以略多）；外文摘要不宜超过250个实词，所以摘要要排除相关学科领域内常识性的内容，要力避引证和举例，要准确使用名词术语、恰当使用缩略语等. 2、完整.摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即摘要本身有论点、有论据、有结论，合乎逻辑，是一篇结构完整的短文，读者不读论文全文、仅读摘仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论. 3、准确.摘要的内容与论文的内容要对应、相称，不要在摘要中传达论文未涉及的信息，也不要让摘要丢失论文的重要内容，以保证摘要准确无误地传达论文的主旨. 4、平实.摘要无需对论文进行评价，尤其不能对论文进行拔高评价，如"本文超越前人的研究""本文全面论述了这一问题"之类的话语就不能出现在摘要中，因为对论文的评价不是由摘要说了算的.故摘要的主语不能是"本文""该文""本文作者""笔者"之类，而应以论文研究的对象为主语，如论文研究的对象是"素质教育"，那么摘要的主语就首选"素质教育". 5、求新.摘要应将论文中原创的、最具新意的部分凸现出来，论文有什么新观点、用了什么新论据、采用了哪些新的研究方法、得出了什么新结论等要在摘要中着重反映出来，因为人们判断一篇论文是否有价值主要就是依据论文是否提供了什么新东西。

毕业论文中文摘要翻译成英文(毕业论文中文摘要翻译成英文摘要)

1.毕业论文中文摘要翻译成英文摘要

Mergers and acquisitions market economy and modern enterprise system product of the combination, its position in China's economic development is increasingly important. China is now the face of an active M & A market, how can we reasonably and accurately target enterprise pricing has become the key issues affecting mergers and acquisitions activity. This paper provides an overview of the theory of corporate mergers and acquisitions, analyzing the implications for valuation of the target company M & A, describes the main methods to assess the value of M & A target companies. This paper is divided into seven sections. The first part is the preface introduces the theoretical results of business valuation and abroad. The second part is the theoretical part, first introduced the theory of mergers and acquisitions and valuation. The third part introduces the M & A commonly used valuation methods. The fourth part introduces the development status of China's mergers and acquisitions and characteristics. Part V describes the current situation and problems of mergers and acquisitions in the valuation. The sixth part is some of these issues resolved measure. Part VII is the conclusion.Keywords: Mergers and acquisitions valuation assessment Assessment methods。

2.毕业论文英文摘要,就是把中文摘要翻译成英文,因为我英文不太好

abstract] in the modern hotel management, the user-friendly management rose gradually for the mainstream management idea. Modern hotel user-friendly management, on the one hand wants the customer to be satisfied, stressed that take the customer as the center; On the other hand, must satisfy the staff places the key position, stressed that the hotel must take the staff as a book. Proposed “staff first, customer second” the management idea, i.e. does not have satisfaction staff, does not have satisfaction guest. This article suggested that the user-friendly management idea will introduce to staff's management, achieves realizes the staff to be satisfied, improves the hotel grade of service, thus lets the customer be more satisfied, the hotel quicker development goal.。

3.谁能帮我帮毕业论文的中文摘要翻译成英文啊,急

With 2008 global financial crisis, not only slow world economic growth, but also directly or indirectly impact on our economic growth. Today the government to implement a proactive fiscal policy and loose monetary policy, the dual stimulation, the Chinese real estate market gradually develop steadily from 2007 to the rational over the apparent over-heated period of adjustment. January 2009 real estate market started to recover, house prices gradually picked up. At the same time, the real estate market, there's some obvious problems and has not been alleviated, the contrary to be getting worse.

As the real estate transactions, the object is not moving, complex, leading to an open between the providers and buyers there is a serious problem of information asymmetry. Today, universal access to the domestic economic crisis and the impact of significantly lower income growth, rising unemployment and prices rise, not fall. Home buyers and open the information asymmetry between providers is exacerbated by high house prices and low-income between the level of contradiction. At the same time the real estate market information asymmetry has also led to irregularities in the market, the market a serious waste of resources, consumer interests are damaged, triggering adverse selection and moral hazard, among others. This

With the status quo of China's real estate market information asymmetry on the type of real estate information asymmetry, causes, hazards analysis, and how to improve the information asymmetries put forward countermeasures and suggestions. Hope that China's stable and healthy development of real estate continued to provide a meaningful reference.

Keywords: real estate developers, home buyers information asymmetry stable development

老师帮忙翻译的，准确，祝你好运

4.毕业论文的中文摘要翻译成英文摘要（请不要在线翻译）追加100分悬

Abstract:Real estate loan has become one of the important bank assets, whose loan quality will make an deep impact on the earnings and risk conditions of banking industry. Centered on the indirect banking finance, our domestic real estate market financing risks are excessively concentrated on the banking system. Let's take Jinyang New Area of Guiyang for example, the real estate market is overheated with a relatively great housing price rise,which will inevitably causes a certain degree of risks.Liquidity surplus accumulate increasingly more real estate bubble, and Operational risks like "Fake Mortgage" can be found everywhere. Moreover, the continuous bank interest rises between 2006 and 2007 boost more monthly payment pressure toward consumers and meanwhile raise the personal defaulty risks. With the influence of financial crisis of this year and the continuous interest reduction of central bank,the real estate market of Jinyang Area is turning for the better, but the uncertain affactions the crisis brings to us are still not optimistic. It's time for us to take active measures to restrain loan impulsivity,regulate loan activities, complete internal control, strengthen external inspection and at the same time to disperse banking risk through financial innovation.

Key words: Jinyang New Area; Real Estate Market;Housing Mortgage Loan; Risk Precaution; Financial Innovation

5.求高手将毕业论文中文摘要翻译成英文

[Abstract] ASP.NET technology development sites operating system courses, and the network operating system of teaching curriculum, teaching students to make management more timely, efficient, and improve the quality of teaching, but also enhance the students to learn the operating system Enthusiasm. At the same time the system development principles, the system's features and design programmes were introduced. Key words: ASP.NET operating system, curriculum, database。

6.急求：毕业论文中文摘要、关键字翻译成英文

Corrects a mistake steps onto the literary arena in on century 80's intermediate stages by cutting edge's posture, the later period cutting edge sends going into hiding along with the 90's in, corrects a mistake while perseveres own writing style, also starts the consciously occurrence change. After has silenced for ten years, corrects a mistake by a tune "人面桃花"， causes a stir once more the literary arena. He continuously is maintaining the strong interest to historical writing, he has not made a great narrative ambition to the Chinese modern hundred years history, actually in the historical boundary zone, carries on the unremitting exploration, excavates possibly the historical factor which neglects and the character which constrains. In this process, corrected a mistake in the literature world has opened the history in addition one side: The history is individual and the destiny history; Desire and human nature history; The experience with the history which fictionalizes. Key word: The historical edge personally with fictionalizes with the destiny desire and the human nature experience。

7.急求毕业论文中文摘要翻译成英文摘要,十万火急

In the Chinese market economy system of perfect gradually and personnel system reform, college graduates also further by the former national bag distributive changed into talent market, execute self-dependent career choice, two-way choice. Students think graduates employment, the whole process often become very important for an interview by the necessary one level. Want to fierce job hunting competition seek to their ideal position, break through the interview shut are particularly important. I personally think graduate needs thorough understanding of contemporary the profound meaning of the interview. It is the accepting unit personnel recruitment procedures important segment. It is mainly through the interviewee applicant with the formal talk to applicant, in order to achieve the business knowledge level, appearance poise, work experience, to apply for a job motivation, expressing ability, development potential, reaction ability, individual hobby etc form relatively objective understanding, familiar with, to decide whether to hire the judgement of the candidates with the decision-making process. The interview form agile diversity, general the interviewer is two-way communication, the applicant with a different number of contrast, interview process take the question and answer form, ask questions are generally by the interviewer design ahead of good questions group, or the applicant with a conversation in the random questions. No matter what forms and modes, the purpose is to comprehensive study and understand the basic quality. This paper discusses the recruitment concept, and the meaning of a job interview, analyzes the characteristics of a job interview, finally, it introduces the design of a job interview, including interview system flow, interview questions design and common interview mistakes. Individual students think interviews are the most frequently used recruitment selection tool. Interview have other method incomparable advantages, it can make a recruiter opportunity to directly contact applicant, judge whether the applicant work with enthusiasm and wit, still can evaluate the facial expressions, instruments and emotional control ability, etc, thus obtains the direct-viewing understanding and eventually decide if you can offer. So, many enterprises in hire employees, before an interview with the applicant is very necessary. Keywords: a job interview, Enterprise； 加油哈！！。

毕业论文的摘要英文咋翻译(毕业论文的摘要怎么翻译成英文)

1.毕业论文的摘要怎么翻译成英文

n this experiment, as tested grape fungus Botrytis cinerea, to fennel, dried tangerine peel, star anise as the experimental materials to study three kinds of spices on the inhibition of gray mold. The experiment carried out by Soxhlet extraction extractor, filter paper method of using three varieties of different concentrations of the extract on the growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, and PDA liquid medium with a minimum inhibitory concentration determination, to explore the best The effect of species and the optimal concentration. Experiments show that the three extracts at different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by their strong inhibition of spore. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration can be found, white garlic extract on the minimum inhibitory concentration of Botrytis cinerea was 45mg/ml, Purple garlic extract on cinerea minimum inhibitory concentration of 120mg/ml, two red garlic extracts on Botrytis cinerea minimum inhibitory concentration of 270mg/ml. Key words: Botrytis cinerea; extract; inhibitory effect。

2.毕业论文的摘要怎么翻译成英文

n this experiment, as tested grape fungus Botrytis cinerea, to fennel, dried tangerine peel, star anise as the experimental materials to study three kinds of spices on the inhibition of gray mold. The experiment carried out by Soxhlet extraction extractor, filter paper method of using three varieties of different concentrations of the extract on the growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, and PDA liquid medium with a minimum inhibitory concentration determination, to explore the best The effect of species and the optimal concentration. Experiments show that the three extracts at different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by their strong inhibition of spore. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration can be found, white garlic extract on the minimum inhibitory concentration of Botrytis cinerea was 45mg/ml, Purple garlic extract on cinerea minimum inhibitory concentration of 120mg/ml, two red garlic extracts on Botrytis cinerea minimum inhibitory concentration of 270mg/ml.

Key words: Botrytis cinerea; extract; inhibitory effect

3.毕业论文英文摘要翻译

[abstract] This is Changsha YuanGe residential area design， 【construction's long, wide】，（不知道是你写的不全还是怎么，有点不通，如果你要加数字，就用the length of construction is。the width of construction is。） a total of 12 layer, total building area is。, building height of principal part is。. Design content mainly includes the architectural design and structural design .

The part of architectural design Including the overall layout,the plane and vertical transportation, and the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation. Design mainly include

planar configuration, elevation and profile design and fire protection and evacuation design, etc., follow the principle of "safty,availability,economy,aesthetics" , satisfy people's demand for residential use function and aesthetic.

Design structure using short-leg

shear wall system, to adapt to the new housing concept of people. Combining with hand calculation and PKPM computing , including load calculation (gravity load, wind load),shear walls and floor slabs, the design calculation of beam and reinforcement.

Key words: short-leg shear wall; High-rise residential; The structure design

本人CET-6水平，纯手工翻译，除查询专业单词外，绝没使用软件，耗时20分钟，还望采纳。希望你论文获得成功。

4.毕业论文的摘要英文怎么写

In order to research the resveratrol to heat stress al.detection of the protective effect, the damage of heat stress test of mice with resveratrol, each only 6 testicular heat stress control handle, only 6 in mice, with general anesthesia, no heat stress processing; After treatment in heat stress 48 h, 7d divides two batch executed mice, put to death before weighing. The former acquisition testicular into darfur in fixed 70-year-olds, used for liquid marlin biopsy observations; The latter collection of testicular testicle and epididymis for weighing, testicular, epididymal coefficient in determination of 70-year-olds will testicular into darfur fixed, used for liquid marlin biopsy observations; Will side 1ml medium shear epididymis into broken, add incubator 34 ℃， take training 30 min, used in semen smear rate mensuration sperm deformity. Through the testicular coefficient, testicular biopsy, epididymal sperm deformity rate analysis, exploration of resveratrol heat stress al.detection damage protection。

5.毕业论文摘要英文翻译：

what's math? this question seems to be easy but is in fact a question all math educators should think about , and is also am important question all these math educators should tell their students. To enable the educators teacher the students better about what's math , and in order to make the students even the educators themselves to accept and learn math knowledge , the history of math plays a pivitol key in doing so . This article concentrates on doing research about the particular period of high school students , and it analyses the psychological characteristic of the high school students , the function of the history of math in high school math teaching and the orientation of the history of math . It also make several proposes about the history of math and its application in math teaching based on my own experience。

6.毕业论文 摘要 英文翻译

The development of China's textile exports have been international textile trade system seriously, quotas, and increasing variety of Settings main varieties of quotas for our export strengths. According to the world trade organization WTO textile and apparel trade integrated treatment, including the United States, the European Union, Canada, Turkey set quotas of countries and regions of China were part of the export textile and clothing products category are cancelled quotas. Of course, the domestic existing appearance for the export products, system structure, product quality problem is serious influence our textile and clothing products export and development. But in the following two aspects: one is the market access, 2 it is competitive.

"Green barrier" in many cases, not on many of the products to the market, but through direct limit environmental standards set or improve the original environment standard, thus improving the product cost, weaken the international competitiveness of products. Compared with the market access of "green barrier" product competitiveness of more extensive and profound influence. Because of some environmental standards and influence of market access, often is the product of the individual, and because, "green barrier" and involves product competitiveness is common often.

China's textile enterprises in environment mark authentication is relatively backward, and appear to China textile and apparel production enterprise 7 million, is one of the world's biggest exporter, clothing production and authentication of such obviously not reasonable, also not congruent with.

China's textile enterprises should actively application environment, is the current standard of PPM enterprises to improve product competition environment, the important way.

7.毕业论文的英文摘要翻译

The paper firstly explains and analyzes the related concepts of the cruise tourism,tourism resources and general development situations of Hainan Province,the necessity of developing cruise tourism in Hainan,then based on the SWOT analysis of current development situations of cruise tourism in Hainan,and finally makes a series of solutions based on above analyzed results。

The purposes of the paper are to provide a reliable reference for the relevant departments,to provide power to the development of Hainan's tourism industry in the transformation,to provide some references to help Hainan out of the current development bottleneck of cruise tourism。

8.毕业论文摘要英文翻译

In science and technology is highly developed today, economic globalization makes with regional features of culture gradually disappear. This paper introduces the concepts of the regional culture from China, analysis, and hotel indoor set with regional culture in the modern research of applied research design, the hotel, the case of comparison and thinking, summarizes the research and design gimmick, discusses the application of regional culture in the hotel the significance and historical inevitability. And through the analysis of the specific case to explore "time spirit" and "regional culture" dialectical unity feasible concrete principle and method. Think of new era "regional culture" is not a simple "reminiscence" and "returning to the traditional", but the spirit of the era, is the innovation. Keywords: regional culture hotel design era spirit。

翻译专业毕业论文摘要(求英语专业高手翻译毕业论文内容摘要~~)

1.求英语专业高手翻译毕业论文内容摘要~~

The Design And implementation of Online-shopping Mall

Key Words: Internet, Electronic commerce, JPS online shopping mall

Abstract:

In today's highly developed internet context,People's shopping means and shopping behavior have been connected to the Internet. Thus, the System of Online-shopping Mall has became an essential carrier for e-commerce on the internet.This system use the JSP language to compile the website , which can completely implement the basic functions of an e-commerce web. Shoppers can make registation to be a VIP member of the web ,after logging onto their VIP account,they could realize their purchase. By the shopping cart,the VIP members can buy whatever at their own will, they can also add,delete as well as check out. Through the inner product management section, the system administrator can do many operations including adding ,deleting,modifying the goods on the website, as well as the relative information of the users'. Daily maintenance of the site can also be done.

呵呵，逐字逐句斟酌的，纯属个人翻译。欢迎提出宝贵建议。

希望能帮的上你，祝你好运！

2.求翻译专业论文摘要,急需

Abstract The office supplies management system management system is foreach business, the institution makes the shop design service, isbusiness, enterprise indispensable software. This system has thecontact surface to be clear, the operation simple, the stored datumsecurity higher characteristic, considered people's some operationcustoms, enhanced its have been possible to be operational, definitelycould meet your need. This is section the procedure which designs inview of mid- and small-scale enterprise. The convenience carries onthe thing management, the nimble search and the inquiry functionenable you completely to get rid of under the traditional managementpattern the operator facing the huge office supplies, did not knowwhich things has, which goods lacks, the quantity has how many. The office supplies is a business unit essential part, therefore theoffice supplies management system management system should be able toprovide the sufficient information and the quick data processingmethod for the user. But the people have since always used thetraditional artificial way to carry on the office supplies management,this management way has many shortcomings, for example: Efficiencylow, secrecy bad, moreover the time one is long, will produce themassive documents and the data, this regarding the search, the renewaland the maintenance has all brought many difficulties. Along with thescience and technology unceasing enhancement, the computer science ismature day after day, its formidable function had profoundly known forthe people, it entered the human society each domain and is playingthe more and more vital role. As a computer application part, uses the computer to carry on themanagement for the office supplies information, has merit which themanual administration center is unable to compare For example:Retrieves, the search rapidly convenient, is easy to revise, thereliability high, the data processing, the cost is quickly low, isadvantageous for the printing and so on. These merits can enormouslyenhance the office supplies management the efficiency. Therefore,develops this kind of set of management software to have the hugesocial demand. This system uses Visual Basic to take the development kit, Access tookbackstage database, this is the classical single plane version databank administration information system development combination. In thesystem massively uses the SQL inquiry sentence, the contact surface ina friendly way, the function is stronger. Carries on in the database and between the procedure to the image dataalternately is one of questions which in the information systemdevelopment needs to solve. Own controlled in this case using VisualBasic to solve this problem, has realized the report form nimbleproduction and looks at the printing function in advance.。

3.求翻译专业论文摘要,急需

Abstract The office supplies management system management system is foreach business, the institution makes the shop design service, isbusiness, enterprise indispensable software. This system has thecontact surface to be clear, the operation simple, the stored datumsecurity higher characteristic, considered people's some operationcustoms, enhanced its have been possible to be operational, definitelycould meet your need. This is section the procedure which designs inview of mid- and small-scale enterprise. The convenience carries onthe thing management, the nimble search and the inquiry functionenable you completely to get rid of under the traditional managementpattern the operator facing the huge office supplies, did not knowwhich things has, which goods lacks, the quantity has how many. The office supplies is a business unit essential part, therefore theoffice supplies management system management system should be able toprovide the sufficient information and the quick data processingmethod for the user. But the people have since always used thetraditional artificial way to carry on the office supplies management,this management way has many shortcomings, for example: Efficiencylow, secrecy bad, moreover the time one is long, will produce themassive documents and the data, this regarding the search, the renewaland the maintenance has all brought many difficulties. Along with thescience and technology unceasing enhancement, the computer science ismature day after day, its formidable function had profoundly known forthe people, it entered the human society each domain and is playingthe more and more vital role. As a computer application part, uses the computer to carry on themanagement for the office supplies information, has merit which themanual administration center is unable to compare For example:Retrieves, the search rapidly convenient, is easy to revise, thereliability high, the data processing, the cost is quickly low, isadvantageous for the printing and so on. These merits can enormouslyenhance the office supplies management the efficiency. Therefore,develops this kind of set of management software to have the hugesocial demand. This system uses Visual Basic to take the development kit, Access tookbackstage database, this is the classical single plane version databank administration information system development combination. In thesystem massively uses the SQL inquiry sentence, the contact surface ina friendly way, the function is stronger. Carries on in the database and between the procedure to the image dataalternately is one of questions which in the information systemdevelopment needs to solve. Own controlled in this case using VisualBasic to solve this problem, has realized the report form nimbleproduction and looks at the printing function in advance.。

4.翻译毕业设计摘要

The graduation papers based the Yuan Jialing earthwork enclosure and preparation of bidding documents, the design drawings as the basis for the preparation of the project management structure during construction buleprint, construction preparation, some of the major sub-project construction method, project quality assurance measures, safety and civilized construction measures, construction site management, emergency rescue, and many other factors into account as fully as possible, Highlighting scientific, applicability and relevance are to ensure high-quality, low cost, safe, civilized and high-speed to complete all construction documents abuot the important economics and technology.。

5.毕业论文摘要翻译

Topic: YuZhou the flute solo singing technique of late

Abstract: the flute solo YuZhou sing night is a LiGuoQuan by Mr Adaptation of the flute. This paper analyses the song of breathing, flute, tongue trills, fingers, speed, strength, and etc. Also on the flute music works of Chinese style, can help players more correct performance of China's works.

Key words: "YuZhou sing late, flute, playing skills

6.求翻译 大学毕业论文摘要

Regional road transport in recent years also has been rapid development of vehicle ownership increased rapidly. On the one hand is seen as a product of rapid economic development and economic prosperity of the symbol, on the other hand if the lack of effective management tool, it may be the cause of economic development of the infarct artery. Therefore, to create a "safe unimpeded county" activities to address the factors that affect traffic safety, it becomes urgent.

Paper first describes the "smooth counties to create peace," made the background and significance of this research, then introduces the "counties to create safe smooth" implementation of the results of the evaluation. Then from the establishment of evaluation system for urban traffic management purpose and meaning, the selected standards and principles, the method chosen three face "to create safe smooth counties," Evaluation of the implementation of a preliminary study. Then in Urumqi, Shihezi, Karamay and other cities, for example, on our region, "the county to create safe smooth" implementation of the results were horizontal, vertical comparison.

Keywords: Creating a safe smooth implementation of the county Evaluation Index System

7.毕业论文摘要翻译

With the progress of society, the development of science, our country through science and education has become an important development strategy. To use the Internet for educational services, especially for basic education services, is the general trend. How to build effective teaching resources site is to enhance the education network tests.

This article from the website of teaching resources needs analysis proceed, outlined in the current social context of secondary school teaching resources site of the purpose and significance of the building. First of all, from the overall site layout, columns of, file storage site, the site selection of development tools, database design, and so on five areas of the site planning and design, then, from the interface design, technology and other key aspects of the design and analysis Finally, in the form of Web sites to be achieved and verified. "

8.求英语专业人士翻译毕业论文摘要

手工翻译。

Discussion on the Construction of Compensation System for Damages Caused by Fraudulent Custody AbstractIn recent years due to the impact of many factors,the extramarital affairs and adultery behaviors continue to grow,and so does the number of the children that born out of wedlock.But because of the restraint of traditional thoughts and the low social status of most women in our country,the rights and statuses of children born out of wedlock are not been protected,therefore the fraudulent custody behaviors have gradually increased.But the legislation about fraudulent custody remains nearly empty in judicial practices nowadays,and it becomes a troublesome issue,so it is necessary to do some further research and discussion on the fraudulent custody issues and the construction of legal remedy system.This article consists of three sections.The first section briefly explains what is fraudulent custody,and how fraudulent custody is defined by most scholars nowadays.The second section starts with several theories on ascertaining the legal nature of fraudulent custody in our country,and does some preliminary exploration on the jurisprudence basis of the right to claim restitution for child support payments in fraudulent custody conditions.Finally this article offers some opinions and suggestions from the aspects of subjects and the scope of compensation on the construction of compensation system for damages caused by fraudulent custody.key words: children born out of wedlock;fraudulent custody; right to claim restitution for child support payments;compensation for damages 其中“欺诈性抚养”“抚养费返还请求权”“损害赔偿”请再确认其法律上的专业说法。这三个词我是按字面翻译的，可能与专业说法有小的偏差。

望采纳：）。

9.求翻译 大学毕业论文摘要

Regional road transport in recent years also has been rapid development of vehicle ownership increased rapidly. On the one hand is seen as a product of rapid economic development and economic prosperity of the symbol, on the other hand if the lack of effective management tool, it may be the cause of economic development of the infarct artery. Therefore, to create a "safe unimpeded county" activities to address the factors that affect traffic safety, it becomes urgent. Paper first describes the "smooth counties to create peace," made the background and significance of this research, then introduces the "counties to create safe smooth" implementation of the results of the evaluation. Then from the establishment of evaluation system for urban traffic management purpose and meaning, the selected standards and principles, the method chosen three face "to create safe smooth counties," Evaluation of the implementation of a preliminary study. Then in Urumqi, Shihezi, Karamay and other cities, for example, on our region, "the county to create safe smooth" implementation of the results were horizontal, vertical comparison. Keywords: Creating a safe smooth implementation of the county Evaluation Index System。

10.求英语专业高手翻译毕业论文内容摘要~~

Title: The Desigh and Realisation of Online Shopping MallAbstract:Under the background of the highly sophisticated Internet, consumer behaviour and buying patterns have borne a relationship to the Internet. As an indispensible vehicle of E-commerce, online shopping mall system could basically function as an online shopping website through using JSP language to programme the website. Purchasers could register for membership and start purchase after logon. With the help of “shopping cart”, members could buy whatever they want, add and delete goods at any time, and complete payment. In the section of management and monitoring, the system manager could add, revise and delete the products on the site, and they are also in charge of revising and deleting users' details, as well as daily maintenance of the website.Key Words: Internet, E-commece, JSP online shopping mall。

毕业论文英文摘要中姓名(毕业设计英文摘要)

1.毕业设计英文摘要

The spinal column reconstruction in the interspinal implants in thing X-stop finite element analysis application Abstract along with people age unceasing growth, between awl in plate the nucleus pulposus gradually will start to degenerate withered, causes between the awl plate thickness to reduce, will then create the yellow ligament and the small surface joint is large, will initiate the so-called lumbar vertebra narrow sickness, will cause the body to have the nerve intermittent slope good symptom. Solves this symptom method to divide into the surgery and the non-surgery treats, the non-surgery treats for example the physical property treatment and the pharmacological treatment, the effect is not often good, the surgery treats may divide into the traditional surgery and micro creates the surgery two kinds, the traditional surgery method is in the lumbar vertebra fusion the pexia, although this method excised has created the lumbar vertebra narrow yellow ligament and the small surface joint, but the surgery time was long, the wound was big as well as although the lumbar vertebra fusion and fixed has removed the pathological change stage abnormal movement, but the neighbor stage's abnormal movement increased, between the awl in plate's pressure elevated obviously, the small articular process exceptionally drew back changes with the fixed stage bone quantityThe loss, causes the fixed stage vertical motion stage to draw back changes ASD[1], but new micro creates the surgery is opens a small wound in the back, and implants the interspinal to open, then solution lumbar vertebra narrow sickness question. this article uses the model is lumbar vertebra L3~L4, as well as the interspinal implants thing X-STOP. The analysis method is carries on the finite element grid division to X-STOP, under exerts the restraint and the load in above, calculates the restraining stress, thus judges this interspinal to open whether to have the obvious effect. key word: The lumbar vertebra, the spinous process, between the keel the ligament, the interspinal opens X-STOP, the finite element analysis。

2.毕业论文英文摘要翻译

[abstract] This is Changsha YuanGe residential area design， 【construction's long, wide】，（不知道是你写的不全还是怎么，有点不通，如果你要加数字，就用the length of construction is。the width of construction is。） a total of 12 layer, total building area is。, building height of principal part is。. Design content mainly includes the architectural design and structural design .

The part of architectural design Including the overall layout,the plane and vertical transportation, and the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation. Design mainly include

planar configuration, elevation and profile design and fire protection and evacuation design, etc., follow the principle of "safty,availability,economy,aesthetics" , satisfy people's demand for residential use function and aesthetic.

Design structure using short-leg

shear wall system, to adapt to the new housing concept of people. Combining with hand calculation and PKPM computing , including load calculation (gravity load, wind load),shear walls and floor slabs, the design calculation of beam and reinforcement.

Key words: short-leg shear wall; High-rise residential; The structure design

本人CET-6水平，纯手工翻译，除查询专业单词外，绝没使用软件，耗时20分钟，还望采纳。希望你论文获得成功。

3.毕业论文 英文摘要

Today's rapid development of information technology, the society needs more and more diverse, real estate management information is also more and more important, the management of operation data and property data information becomes more and more important.

How to use the standard of management information system and smooth information query input for modern city, the house property intermediary business, so I found a easy application and design of the property management system records inquires are necessary.

Paper discusses "property management system" the theoretical basis and the design thought, system development process and according to the function of the system to achieve the main discusses database management software development process. Major in software engineering theory as the theoretical basis of system development, client/server model in a relational database as the background, professional development of language as a means of realizing database of database management software development process analysis and theoretical research.

4.求毕业论文英文摘要

The new economic era, known as the corporate image of the human, material and financial resources beyond the "fourth resource", the competition among the enterprises of products from the local competition, price competition, resource competition, competition for talent, technology to the development of competition The integrity of corporate competition, that is, the image of competition. Create good corporate image, not only a modern market economy is an inevitable trend of development, but also enterprises face the increasingly fierce market competition and the success of winning a major magic weapon. For large enterprises, corporate image planning has been relatively mature. While many small and medium enterprises because the road taken the low-cost, how cost-competitive promotion to the quality of competition, and even brand competition, or unable, based on this understanding of SMEs, from corporate image recognition system in the concept of identification system Behavior recognition system, visual recognition systems of the three constituent elements of perspective, the current image of the planning for SMEs on the existence of several major problems, propose solutions to the measures, so that small and medium enterprises based on domestic and international trend of a number of simple Discussion.。

5.求毕业论文的英文摘要

The filling pile department is refers to, in the project scene through the mechanical drill hole, the steel pipe pushes methods and so on earth or manpower excavation forms the pile hole in the foundation soil, and lays aside the pile which in among them the reinforcing cage, the irrigation concretes make, according to becomes the hole method to be different, the filling pile may divide into the settling tube filling pile, the drill hole filling pile and digs the hole filling pile and so on several kinds.Drills a hole the filling pile is according to becomes one kind of pile which the pile method classification defines. The filling pile earliest more than 100 year ago in 1893, because of the industry development as well as the population growth, the high-rise construction increased unceasingly, but because many city's ground conditions were quite bad, could not withstand the pressure which directly transmitted by the high-rise construction, the surface following has the thickness very big soft soil or the medium intensity clay level, the construction high-rise construction like still continued to use the friction pile which at that time used in common, had the very big subsidence inevitably. Therefore engineers used for reference have dug a well the technical invention to dig in the hole to construct the reinforced concrete artificially to become the pile. Therefore afterward 50 years later, namely developed in the early-1940s along with the high efficiency drill hole machines and tools first is published successfully in the US, after World War II, the world was specially the European and American developed country economic resurgence and the development, at this point, changes with each new day along with the science and technology the development, drilled a hole the filling pile in high-level, in the ultrahigh layer building and the heavy construction is widely applied. Certainly, in our country, drilled a hole the filling pile design and the construction level also obtained the considerable development.。

毕业论文摘要怎么改(本科毕业论文摘要怎么写)

1.本科毕业论文摘要怎么写

摘要是论文的重要组成部分，撰写论文的摘要，是为了把研究工作的主要内容以最简练的文字予以介绍，协助读者对该工作的目的、设计及研究结果较快地得出概括性的理解。

目前科技期刊的论文摘要一般要求按结构式摘要的格式书写，即明确写出目的、方法、结果、结论四部分。结构式论文摘要具有固定格式，其撰写格式与科研设计思维方法相一致，有助于作者理清思路，准确表达，甚至可促使作者在实验设计开始时就明确各项内容，使各部分更趋严密、合理，以得出正确结论，便于转载和传播。

因此，摘要写得好坏直接影响读者对论文的理解，影响论文被利用的程度，论文作者必须重视摘要的写作。不同期刊对论文摘要的写法有不同的要求，《中国烟草学报》采用的是结构式摘要。

现针对本刊部分来稿在摘要撰写中存在的问题，对结构式摘要的书写方法和注意事项介绍如下。1论文摘要写作中存在的问题1.1摘要过于简单，信息量不足，不能反映出论文的主要内容；ؤ1.2摘要不精炼，条理不清，结构混乱；ؤ1.3摘要内容表达不确切，摘要中出现对论文内容的主观见解、解释或评论；ؤ1.4未按国家标准要求书写，如句子中出现“本文"、“作者"等第一人称做主语；……。

2 摘要的结构目的：应简要说明研究的背景和目的，一般用1~2句话简要概括，不宜太过冗长。目的部分的文字最好不是对文题中已有信息的简单重复。

ؤ 方法：应简述研究的材料（对象）、方法、设计方案、资料的收集处理和统计学分析方法等。ؤ 结果：应简要列出主要的结果，描述结果要尽量用具体数据，不要过于笼统。

尽可能不用“高于"、“低于"、“大于"、“小于"等笼统表达方法，应用具体数字说明是多高或多低，并注明统计学分析结果。ؤ 结论：应根据研究的目的和结果，得出客观适当的结论，并指出研究的价值和今后有待探讨的问题。

ؤ3 书写摘要注意事项撰写论文摘要应注意的问题：① 客观如实地反映所做的研究或工作，不加作者的主观见解、解释或评论；② 着重反映新内容和作者特别强调的观点；③ 排除在本学科领域已成常识的内容；④ 不要用第一人称如“本文"、“我们"、“作者"等作为主语，而应采用第三人称的写法，如 “对……进行了研究"、“报告了……现状"、“进行了……调查"等记述方式；⑤ 采用规范化名词术语（包括地名、机构名和人名）；⑥ 缩略语、略称、代号，除非本专业读者能清楚理解，否则首次出现时不论中、英文均应给出全称；⑦ 应采用国家颁布的法定计量单位；⑧ 注意正确使用简化字和标点符号；⑨ 一般不用引文（除非论文证实或否定了他人已发表的著作）；⑩ 一般不分段落。ؤ论文摘要的字数要得当，书写论文摘要的主要目的是为了便于读者用最短的时间获得有关研究的主要信息。

字数少了难以说明问题，字数多了又无必要，故论文摘要的字数应该适当。一般而言，中文摘要一般不超过300字，英文摘要可适当长一些，因为英文摘要主要是给非汉语国家和地区读者看的，他们大多没有能力阅读中文全文。

英文摘要内容可较中文摘要稍详细一些，字数一般不超过400个英文单词。中英文摘要各项内容要基本相同。

2.比业论文 里摘要 和前言查重都是百分之百怎么修改

快速通过论文查重的七大方法

方法一：外文文献翻译法

查阅研究领域外文文献，特别是高水平期刊的文献，比如Science,Nature,WaterRes等，将其中的理论讲解翻译成中文，放在自己的论文中。

优点：1、每个人语言习惯不同，翻译成的汉语必然不同。因此即使是同一段文字，不同人翻译了之后，也 不会出现抄袭的情况。2、外文文献的阅读，可以提升自身英语水平，拓展专业领域视野。

缺点：英文不好特别是专业英文不好的同学实施起来比较费劲。

方法二：变化措辞法

将别人论文里的文字，或按照意思重写，或变换句式结构，更改主被动语态，或更换关键词，或通过增减。当然如果却属于经典名句，还是按照经典的方法加以引用。

优点：1.将文字修改之后，按照知网程序和算法，只要不出现连续13个字重复，以及关键词的重复，就不会被标红。2.对论文的每字每句都了如指掌，烂熟于心，答辩时亦会如鱼得水。

缺点：逐字逐句的改，费时费力。

方法三：减头去尾，中间换语序

将别人论文里的文字，头尾换掉中间留下，留下的部分改成被动句，句式和结构就会发生改变，再自行修改下语病后，即可顺利躲过查重。

优点：方便快捷，可以一大段一大段的修改。

缺点中文没学好的，会很费劲，要想半天。

方法四：转换图片法

将别人论文里的文字，截成图片，放在自己的论文里。因为知网查重系统目前只能查文字，而不能查图片和表格，因此可以躲过查重。

优点：比改句序更加方便快捷。

缺点：用顺手了容易出现整页都是图片的情况，会影响整个论文的字数统计。

方法五：插入文档法

将某些参考引用来的文字通过word文档的形式插入到论文中。

优点：此法比方法四更甚一筹，因为该方法日后还可以在所插入的文档里进行重新编辑，而图片转换法以后就不便于再修改了。

缺点：还没发现。

方法六：插入空格法

将文章中所有的字间插入空格，然后将空 格 字 间距调到最小。因为查重的根据是以词为基础的，空格切断了词语，自然略过了查重系统。

优点：从查重系统的原理出发，可靠性高。

缺点：工作量极大，课可以考虑通过宏完成，但宏的编制需要研究。

方法七：自己原创法

自己动手写论文，在写作时，要么不原文复制粘贴；要么正确的加上引用。

优点：基本上绝对不会担心查重不通过，哪怕这个查重系统的阈值调的再低。

缺点：如果说优缺点的话，就是写完一篇毕业论文，可能会死掉更多的脑细胞。呵呵。

来自易测网论文检测平台

3.教你怎么修改毕业论文

毕业论文不同于一般的小论文，特别是硕士毕业论文或者博士毕业论文。一般的小论文就四五页，而硕士论文动辄五六十页，有的甚至七八十页。所以有些东西如果要人工的去修改，将是一件非常痛苦的事情。痛苦的事情至少有两个：目录自动生成和编号、参考文献引用的上标。本文将从这两个方面说说小技巧，自动生成，非常方便。

先说两种痛苦情况。

设定好文章的目录结构后，突然发现中间要添加或者删除一个章节，添加删除容易，可是其后遗症就是后面的编号都要跟着变动。比如要删除第二章，那么原理的第三章就要改为第二章，后面的要跟着动，添加也一样，很麻烦。

目录自动生成简单说下，将文档切换到大纲视图，然后设置你要设定成目录的文字的大纲级别。如果将大纲级别设定为1级，那么就是1级目录，一般我们会设置到3级，这样会生成1、2、3级目录。设定好后，在要插入目录的地方，点击插入--引用--索引和目录就可以了。格式在另外设置下就行了。

心灵手巧，轻松点击一下收藏，别等需要的时候乱了阵脚。人大在职研究生

4.高手帮我修改一下毕业论文摘要

This paper inspectes the Hatching-building foundation's geological conditions and peripheral environments of the Wuhan Science & Technology University, compares each kind of scheme carefully, and have comperhensively considered the project construction's convenience and its cost, etc. Finally this design in view of each section of characteristics partition optimizing retaining and protection of building foundation is adopted. At the same time, this design uses the software for building foundation named lizheng to carry on the stable computation. In brief, the design has achieved the most superior design goal under the safe condition. Key word: retaining and protection for foundation excavation , pile-anchor retaining structure monitoring作了些语法和句子结构的修正。

仅供参考，希望有帮助。

毕业论文英文摘要有点错误(论文摘要翻译,我最近急着用,有点错误可以,但不要太多,更不要用)

1.论文摘要翻译,我最近急着用,有点错误可以,但不要太多,更不要用

摘要内容：随着汽车行驶速度的提高，汽车阻力也明显加大。

Abstract: when the vehicle speed increases, its resistance obviously increases as well.研究表明：车速达到70km/h时，汽车阻力占行驶阻力的一半。Research shows that when vehicle speed reaches 70km/h, its resistance takes up half of the driving resistance.汽车速度过高对汽车的稳定性、安全性也有着很大影响。

The excessive vehicle speed has great influence on the stability and safety of the vehicle.现阶段空气动力学研究一般都采用风洞试验、数值模拟、理论研究。The current aerodynamics research generally adopts wind tunnel test, numerical simulation and theoretical research. 风洞试验室运用最为广泛，但其投资过高、周期长等缺点。

The wind tunnel test is the most commonly used, but it has disadvantages such as too much investment, long cycle and etc. 随着计算机的发展，数值模拟取得了很大的发展（CFD）。With the development of computer, the numerical simulation has had huge development (CFD).CFD是以电子计算机为工具，应用各种离散化的数学方法，对流体力学的各类问题进行数值试验、计算机模拟和分析研究，以解决各种问题。

CFD uses different mathematical method of discretization by means of computer to test, stimulate, analyze and research various problems of hydromechanics and etc. so as to deal with these problems.CFD具有试验周期短、费用低等优点。CFD has these advantages such as short test cycle, low cost and so on.目前的模拟是CFD和风洞试验相结合的方法，互相促进，CFD还不能完全取代风洞试验。

CFD and wind tunnel test are adopted in current simulation and they mutually promote, but CFD cannot totally replace wind tunnel test.本文首先对汽车流场发展和研究意义和CFD软件包做了介绍。This paper first introduces the development of flow field and CFD software package.第二章中对CFD的理论基础进行了讲解。

It illustrates the theoretical principle of CFD in the 2nd chapter.第三章主要说明利用GAMBIT建立汽车模型、网格划分以及边界条件的确定。In the 3rd chapter it mainly explains the utilization of GAMBIT to make car model, the grid generation and the determination of edge condition.在第四章中说明FLUENT进行模拟的一般步骤。

The 4th chapter gives out the general procedures of FLUENT simulation.第五章中对不同的汽车前部后部造型进行模拟对比，了解汽车前后造型设计的基本思路。In the 5th chapter simulated comparisons are made about the shape of the front and rear part of different vehicles in order to understand the basic idea of their design.汽车前部发动机盖应与水平面成一定斜度，汽车顶部与发动机盖在同一曲面上，汽车尾部为鱼尾巴形的汽车造型最优。

The front vehicle hood should form a certain slope with the horizontal plane. The vehicle roof and hood should be on the same curved surface. Those vehicles with fishtail-shaped rear part have the optimum shaping.还对汽车的不同离地距离和不同行驶速度进行了分析对比。Analysis and comparison is also made in different ground clearances and running speeds of vehicle.汽车离地距离小，汽车升力增加，气动阻力减少。

When the vehicle ground clearance decreases, the lift will increases, thus reducing the aerodynamic resistance.汽车速度增加是周围空气速度和阻力将明显加大。The increase of vehicle speed obviously increases the ambient air speed and resistance.合理的确定造型和最优的离地距离对汽车阻力减少影响很大。

The reasonable shape and optimum ground clearance has huge influence on the decrease of vehicle resistance.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Copyright@2010 Lawrence. All rights reserved.。

2.求助 请帮忙翻译毕业论文摘要不要直译的错误太多 谢谢

The development of Chinese enterprises has experienced nearly a hundred years of time, especially in China's reform and opening up two decades, China's enterprise management mode also will be great changes have taken place, many outstanding state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and private enterprises have gradually formed a own unique and effective style, the traditional management model maturing. With the continuous development of computer technology, computer technology has entered all fields of human society, and play an increasingly important role. In our lives around, but also increasingly able to feel that computer technology has brought us enormous impact and fast. As a part of computer applications, management information systems are accepted by more and more enterprises, modern information management continue to impact on the dominance of the traditional management model. Choose what kind of a business management model for enterprise survival and development is crucial to choose the management model characterized by the enterprises themselves will the development of enterprises more with less. However, faced with all kinds of information on the market-based solutions, especially the lack of knowledge and experience are relatively small and medium enterprises, tend to feel like smoke and mirrors, or a hasty decision from the unknown, which greatly affected the information technology projects implementation effect. It is because many companies do not recognize the characteristics of their own blind adoption of modern information management model which leads to failure, causing enormous losses to the enterprise. Therefore, the traditional management mode and modern management mode of comparative analysis will help to establish a more rational, more systematic management model.

3.本科毕业论文摘要英文翻译,救助高手,不要网上翻译软件,错误多~

Jetta cars in China had 19 years, with its economic and practical, inexpensive, appearance is moderate, motivation, especially good enough, accelerating performance by consumers. But the pen jetta cars (AHP model engine) in use will happen various fault. Introduces the jetta cars (AHP model engine) under several faults in the reason, in the analysis is proposed, based on the troubleshooting measures.。

4.毕业论文的英文摘要,我的英文不好,希望有人可以帮忙翻译一下,

Abstract: Country ecotourism was an unfamiliar term for people a decade ago, but nowadays it has bloomed everywhere with utmost popularity. As a new type of tourism, country ecotourism has become the present focus of tourism and social fashion; as a main force of ecotourism economy, it has attracted attention from all social institutions. The development of ecotourism has received unprecedentedly heightened attention against the background of the construction of new countryside and harmonious society. Developing ecotourism serves to enrich the structure of tourism products, to adjust country industries, to raise the income of peasants and to improve their well-being. It is helpful for urban-rural integration and the introduction and spread of the idea of ecotourism. It also helps to keep working the function of ecological service of countryside and to unearth and pass down its culture. During its development, country ecotourism should bear the following principles: to be supported by agriculture, to be human-based, to encourage the engagement of communities and to protect the ecology. Beginning with the definition of country ecotourism, this paper introduces the status quo of China's country ecotourism, discusses the measures of its development by inspecting those taken by European countries and finally proposes the basic strategies for its sustainable development.

Key words: country ecotourism; status quo; strategies

人工的~~~~

毕业论文英文摘要格式怎么设置(英文摘要格式怎么设置)

1.英文摘要格式怎么设置

英文摘要写作规范：    1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。

（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。 2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

  3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New  Roman”,1.5倍行间距。 4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。

  5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

  6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

扩展资料实例说明——“The importance of epistasis—non-additive interactions between alleles—in shaping population fitness has long been a controversial topic, hampered in part by lack of empirical evidence.”翻译：上位性等位基因间的非加性相互作用在形成群体适应性方面的重要性长期以来一直是一个有争议的话题，部分原因是缺乏经验证据。 这是一个很好的引导性句子。

它既陈述了主要议题the role of epistasis in shaping population fitness（上位性在形成群体适应性中的作用），也说明了问题the lack of empirical evidence in this area（这方面缺乏经验证据）。

2.摘要格式

论文的摘要一般在一百到两百字左右，大论文（如四五万字的毕业论文）也可一页（七八百字）左右，要说明论文针对解决什么问题（即意义）、方法、如有实验则说明实验基本方法，研究的条件下所得出的一个至几个结论，最后一句总结结论在给定适用范围下的结论和推广意义。

比如，某条件下的某事情很重要，然而对某条件下的某参数的测定准确度不高，本文通过某方式在某条件下测得某结果，准确度达到多少，在某限定范围内，本方法可以有何种效果。 关键词一定是实词，一般是用来概括你的论文所涉及的一至多个领域，以及你认为重要的研究方法。

比如，一篇关于水处理的论文关键词可以是：饮用水、紫外消毒、有机物，这就可以了，当然具体的用词涉及到你的论文内容。

3.毕业论文的英文摘要怎么弄,怎么才能把他翻译成英文

In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary material.

Key words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early

4.英文论文摘要部分怎么写

(Abstract) 也成为内容提要，通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要，其位置应放在论文的正文之前，对整个论文内容的概述.无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言，摘要都是一个非常重要的文件. 摘要如果和论文一起发表，则被称为一次性出版物摘要，主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用，使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容.除此之外，摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如：生物学文摘（Biological Abstract）、化学文摘（Chemical Abstract）等、称为二次性出版物摘要.此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息，帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域. 一、摘要的定义 摘要的英文术语：有两个词汇，一个是 abstract， 一个是 summary.根据美国国家标准学会（American National Standard Institute）于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》（American National Standard for Writing Abstracts）规定，Abstract 不应与 summary 混同. Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括，使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容，或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备，或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要.文中只对论文信息进行浓缩，而不加主观评论或解释，可以脱离原文而独立成篇.字数通常在100~150个词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%（有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%）.现在越来越多的用法是 abstract. 尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用 abstract 这个术语，在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词. Summary （概要） 与 abstract 无明显差别.严格地说，summary 一般附在论文的后面，对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述.其前提是读者已经通读过全文，通过 summary 来巩固论文的主要论点和成果.在某些论文中，用 summary 取代正文中的 conclusion 部分. Summary 是论文的"缩影"，可以概括论文的全部内容，只是在删繁就简上下功夫，字数长短不一，少则两三句话，多则500个单词甚至更长.美国的一些高等学校规定，硕士论文提要（summary）以250词左右为宜，而博士论文题要以350词左右为宜.国际会议论文的提要一般规定为300 ~ 500 词或 1000 个印刷符号. 至于究竟要采用什么形式，要根据征稿而定. 一般说来，国际学术会议论文及要求按 Summary 方式来写摘要，而正式出版发行的刊物要修不尽一致.对于个别论文还见有前面为 Abstract， 结尾又有一个Summary ， 这多半是由于文章过长，内容有多，后面的 Summary 相当于该文的缩写. 二、摘要的种类 摘要分为两类，一类是说明性摘要（Descriptive/ Indicative Abstract），一类是资料性（Informative Abstract）摘要. 1. 说明性摘要 （Descriptive / Indicative Abstract） 如同迈克尔.艾利 （Michael Alley）所说，"一篇说明性摘要是段落形式的目录，使读者手中的一份简要地图."从这句话中可以清楚地了解说明性摘要的作用.说明性摘要指向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么，不涉及具体的研究方法和结果，但无法给读者提供更多的详细信息.它一般是用于综述性文章，也用于讨论、评论性文章，尤以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多，常出现"… is studied"、"…is discussed" 字样.时态多用现在时或现在完成时.其篇幅也较短，大多在100 ~ 150 字之间.以下是一篇说明性摘要的样例. Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. 由于说明性摘要仅限于陈述论文的主要论题且篇幅较小，主要用于评述性的论文. 2. 资料性摘要 （Informative Abstract） 资料性摘要的优点是比说明性摘要能提供多的多的信息，它应该尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容，特别强调指出研究的方法和结果、结论等.其篇幅较长，大多在150 ~250 字之间.根据原文长度，也有多达500字的.通常，这类的摘要反映了论文的基本面貌，能够代替阅读论文全文. Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying organic matter, and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools, or spraying them with oil. For rats, only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are valuable. Control of adult forms of both insects and rodens requires use of poisons. Screens are used for insects. Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito larvae. 三、如何写摘要 1. 摘要的位置 摘要的位置是确定的，一般在作者工作单位的下方.如： Cultural Differences Between China and U.S.A （标题） Xu Ying （署名） Hunan University (Changsha, Hunan, 410082) （工作单位） Abstract： （摘要） Key words： （关键词） 2. 写作要点 （1） 长度：有专家认为150 ~ 200 个词之间；文章长度的五分之一. 有些刊物会规定摘要的篇。

5.论文英文摘要怎么写

For the violation of legitimate rights and interests of consumers a variety of offenses, how to provide for the corresponding legal responsibilities and how the legal liability system reflected the special protection of consumers should be "Consumer Protection Law" key solved a legal issue. To solve this legal problem, it is necessary to further establish a regulated market operating order to protect legitimate interests of consumers and improving the legal liability system. On the one hand is to establish a legal system the concept of protection of consumers; the other hand, is to improve consumer protection legal liability system.。

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