毕业论文中英文翻译格式

1. 建筑资料毕业论文中英文(一篇不少于3000字的建筑方面英语论文翻译最好直接给)

2. 计算机毕业论文中英文翻译(计算机毕业论文英文摘要翻译)

3. 毕业论文中英文翻译模板(英语毕业论文的范文和格式)

4. 毕业论文的中英文对照(急求毕业论文摘要关键词中英文对照)

5. 毕业论文中英文翻译在哪找(请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找)

建筑资料毕业论文中英文(一篇不少于3000字的建筑方面英语论文翻译最好直接给)

1.一篇不少于3000字的建筑方面英语论文翻译（最好直接给）

In the 20th century, bridge construction technology evolved and was fueled by the Industrial Revolution. At the turn of the century, steel bridges were riveted together, not bolted; concrete bridges were cast in place, not precast; and large bridge members were built from lacing bars and smaller sections, not rolled in one piece. Plastic had not yet been invented. Construction techniques such as post-tensioning, slurry walls, soil freezing, and reinforced earth walls had not yet been conceived. Surveying was performed mechanically since infrared, optical technology was still 75 years away. Bridge construction is changing as the new millennium begins. New construction techniques and new materials are emerging. There are also new issues facing the bridge building industry relative to the research needs associated with these new techniques and materials. LONG-SPAN BRIDGES Suspension Bridges While suspension bridge building was conducted at a modest pace throughout the 20th century, an unprecedented number of spans of remarkable record lengths were built in the Far East and Denmark. Both the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark were completed in 1998. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is the largest suspension bridge in the world, with a span of 1991 m, and the Great Belt Bridge is the second largest, with a span of 1624 m. While spans lengths have increased nearly fivefold during the course of this century, they may have reached their physical limits with today's materials. Research will be necessary to develop the new, ultra-high-strength steel wire or carbon fiber wire required to build the longer main suspension cables that will make it possible to increase span lengths to beyond 2000 m. As we enter the new millennium, rehabilitation and ongoing maintenance of the existing suspension bridges must continue as well. Recent rehabilitation measures for the main cables and suspension systems of these bridges have uncovered degradation through corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement. Research is needed to determine the remaining useful service life of suspension bridge cables and what measures can be taken to slow or halt the degradation process. Transportation in the New Millennium 2 Other components of long-span bridges, existing and new, are being revolutionized as technology moves forward. Advances in deck technology are producing stronger, lighter decks. Orthotropic and exodermic decks are becoming increasingly popular on long-span structures as a means of reducing dead load. Bearings, joint systems, and seismic retrofitting components are becoming increasingly efficient as more large-scale testing facilities are built. 在20世纪，桥梁施工技术，是由进化而来的工业革命。

随着新世纪的到来，钢桥受到铆接在一起，而不是螺栓、混凝土桥梁被扔在的地方，不是预制、大型桥梁成员从系酒吧和小的部分，不卷在一块。塑料尚未发明了。

制作等施工工艺、浆墙、土壤冻结，加筋土墙尚未怀了孕。测量进行机械自从红外、光学技术仍然是75年。

大桥建设是新千年开始转变。新建筑技术和新材料正在浮出水面。

也有新的解决面临的桥建筑行业的相关研究的需要，这些新技术材料。大跨度桥梁悬挂的桥梁虽然悬索桥建设进行了整个20速度不快世纪，前所未有的跨越了卓越的长度是建在记录远东和丹麦。

双方在日本明石海峡大桥正式通车，伟大的带桥在丹麦是在一九九八年完成。这个明石海峡大桥正式通车是世界上最大的悬架在这个世界上，与桥梁的m,1991年是中国的第二大带桥，用一段1624）。

虽然已经增加了近5倍长度的跨世纪的过程中，他们已经达到了他们的物理极限与今天的材料。研究将必须发展新的、ultra-high-strength钢丝、碳纤维丝要求建立了悬索，将不再主要可能增加到跨度的长度超出2000米。

当我们进入新千年、康复和持续的维护现有的悬索桥必须继续。最近的戒毒措施为主要电缆悬架系统与这些桥梁发现退化氢脆腐蚀，。

研究还剩下的寿命悬索桥电缆和什么措施可以减缓或停止退化的过程。在新千年的运输其他组件的大跨度桥梁，现有的和新的，正在发生了革命性的变化技术的进步。

提出了在甲板上技术生产强的，更轻的甲板。正交各向异性和exodermic牌是大跨度越来越受欢迎作为一种手段，降低结构自重荷载。

轴承、联合系统和抗震能力越来越多的有效成分是更大规模的测试设备建造。 50分！！~~谢谢参考资料：我的大脑。

2.谁有关于建筑材料的英文论文附带中文翻译

绿色建筑就是在建筑的全寿命周期内（物料、建筑规划、设计、施工、运营维护及拆除过程），最大限度的节约资源（节能、节地、节水、节林），保护环境和减少污染，为人们提供健康，适用和高效的使用空间，与自然和谐共生的建筑。

这些年来，我国的节能建筑在强化绿色住宅管理理念，防范和化解节能建筑的建设和成本风险，提高并且保证建筑质量方面已经做了大量的工作，进行了比较深入的理论研究，也进行了切实的实践探索，取得了一些有益的理论成果和成功的实践经验。在全面推进建筑节能的大好形势下，建筑节能工作取得了令人瞩目的成就，但其总体节能状况令人堪忧，譬如绿色施工——施工阶段的节能状况，节能材料的质地选择，节能标准的定义等，令人担忧。

本文欲通过解读绿色节能建筑的实质内容，提出困惑，从而反思，找到更好发展绿色节能建筑的途径。本文创新点本文的创新点在于将采用案例分析的方法，以及图表等，更直观地描述问题。

并且结合相关明星楼盘与理论知识有机地结合起来，进行阐述。 Green Building is in the construction of the entire life cycle (of materials, construction planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of dismantling process), the maximum conservation of resources (energy conservation, saving, water saving, Lin Festival), the protection of the environment and reduce Pollution, provide people with health, application and efficient use of space, in harmony with nature symbiotic construction. Over the years, China's energy-saving green residential building in enhancing management ideas, and preventing and alleviating the construction of energy-saving construction costs and risks, enhance and ensure the quality of construction has done a lot of work, a more in-depth theoretical study, also conducted effective The practice and exploration, has made some useful theoretical achievements and successful experience in the practice. Comprehensively promote energy conservation in building a good situation, building energy conservation work has made remarkable achievements, but its overall energy situation is worrying, for example, green construction - the construction phase of the energy situation and energy-saving materials texture options, energy-saving standard The definition, a cause for concern. Interpretation of this paper to green energy-saving building through the substance of the proposed confusion, reflection, to find a better development of green energy-saving building route. In this paper, this innovation point of innovation is to use the analysis of the case, as well as charts, more intuitive to describe the problem. And star of the relevant theoretical knowledge of the event and organically integrated, elaborate.。

3.高分求涉及建筑的英文论文材料

Uniaxial stress–strain relationship of concrete confined by various shaped steel tubesK.A.S. Susantha, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami *Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, JapanReceived 31 May 2000; received in revised form 19 December 2000; accepted 14 February 2001AbstractA method is presented to predict the complete stress–strain curve of concrete subjected to triaxial compressive stresses caused by axial load plus lateral pressure due to the confinement action in circular, box and octagonal shaped concrete-filled steel tubes. Available empirical formulas are adopted to determine the lateral pressure exerted on concrete in circular concrete-filled steel columns. To evaluate the lateral pressure exerted on the concrete in box and octagonal shaped columns, FEM analysis is adopted with the help of a concrete–steel interaction model. Subsequently, an extensive parametric study is conducted to propose an empiricalequation for the maximum average lateral pressure, which depends on the material and geometric properties of the columns. Lateral pressure so calculated is correlated to confined concrete strength through a well known empirical formula. For determination of the post-peak stress–strain relation, available experimental results are used. Based on the test results, approximated expressions to predict the slope of the descending branch and the strain at sustained concrete strength are derived for the confined concrete in columns having each type of sectional shapes. The predicted concrete strength and post-peak behavior are found to exhibit goodagreement with the test results within the accepted limits. The proposed model is intended to be used in fiber analysis involving beam–column elements in order to establish an ultimate state prediction criterion for concrete-filled steel columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. •2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Concrete-filled tubes; Confinement; Concrete strength; Ductility; Stress–strain relation; Fiber analysis1. IntroductionConcrete-filled steel tubes (CFT) are becoming increasingly popular in recent decades due to their excellent earthquake resisting characteristics such as high ductility and improved strength. As a result, numerous experimental investigations have been carried out in recent years to examine the overall performance of CFT columns [1–11]. Although the behavior of CFT columns has been extensively examined, the concrete core confinement is not yet well understood. Many of the previous research works have been mainly focused on investigating the performance of CFT columns with various limitations. The main variables subjected to such limitations were the concrete strength, plate width-to- thickness (or radius-to-thickness) ratios and shapes of the sections. Steel strength, column slenderness ratio and rate of loading were also additionally considered. It is understandable that examination of the effects of all the above factors on performances of CFTs in a wider range, exclusively on experimental manner, is difficult and costly. This can be overcome by following a suitable numerical theoretical approach which is capable of handling many experimentally unmanageable situations. At present, finite element analysis (FEM) is considered as the most powerful and accurate tool to simulate the actual behavior of structures. The accurate constitutive relationships for materials are essential for reliable results when such analysis procedures are involved. For example, CFT behavior may well be investigated through a suitable FEM analysis procedure, provided that appropriate steel and concrete material models are available. One of the simplest yet powerful techniques for the examination of CFTs is fiber analysis. In this procedure the cross section is discretized into many small regions where a uniaxial constitutive relationship of either concrete or steel is assigned. This type of analysis can be employed to predict the load–displacement relationships of CFT columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. The accuracy involved with the fiber analysis is found to be quite satisfactory with respect to the practical design purposes.At present, an accurate stress–strain relationship for steel, which is readily applicable in the fiber analysis, is currently available [12]. However, in the case of concrete, only a few models that are suited for such analysis can be found [3,8,9]. Among them, in Tomii and Sakino's model [3], which is applicable to square shaped columns, the strength improvement due to confinement has been。

4.急求一篇土木工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译,不少于3000个单词

Research on the construction safety management of Civil Engineering In recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of security.Two, the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a standard for project.Therefore, the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of works.As for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety 。

5.求一篇关于建筑方面的英文文献

关于“Modern Architecture”的 Modern architecture, not to be confused with 'contemporary architecture', is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. While the style was conceived early in the 20th century and heavily promoted by a few architects, architectural educators and exhibits, very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. For three decades after the Second World War, however, it became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building.1. Origins Some historians see the evolution of Modern architecture as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and hence to the Enlightenment, a result of social and political revolutions.Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability of new building materials such as iron, steel, concrete and glass drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the Industrial Revolution. In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his 'fireproof' design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone floors. Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger machines. Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed. It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction, this kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description, "Dark satanic mills" of places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction; possibly the best example is the development of the tall steel skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan. Early structures to employ concrete as the chief means of architectural expression (rather than for purely utilitarian structure) include Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple, built in 1906 near Chicago, and Rudolf Steiner's Second Goetheanum, built from 1926 near Basel, Switzerland.Other historians regard Modernism as a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian Era and Edwardian Art Nouveau.Whatever the cause, around 1900 a number of architects around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate traditional precedents (Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities. The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, Otto Wagner in Vienna and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new.2. Modernism as Dominant Style By the 1920s the most important figures in Modern architecture had established their reputations. The big three are commonly recognized as Le Corbusier in France, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in Germany. Mies van der Rohe and Gropius were both directors of the Bauhaus, one of a number of European schools and associations concerned with reconciling craft tradition and industrial technology.Frank Lloyd Wright's career parallels and influences the work of the European modernists, particularly via the Wasmuth Portfolio, but he refused to be categorized with them. Wright was a major influence on both Gropius and van der Rohe, however, as well as on the whole of organic architecture.In 1932 came the important MOMA exhibition, the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture, curated by Philip Johnson. Johnson and collaborator Henry-Russell Hitchcock drew together many distinct threads and trends, identified them as stylistically similar and having a common purpose, and consolidated them into the International Style.This was an important turning point. With World War II the important figures of the Bauhaus fled to the United States, to Chicago, to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and to Black Mountain College. While Modern architectural design never became a dominant style in single-dwelling residential buildings, in institutional and commercial architecture Modernism became the pre-eminent, and in the schools (for leaders of the profession) the only acceptable, design solution from about 1932 to about 1984.Architects who worked in the international style wanted to break with 。

6.建筑论文外文参考文献

A construction-led design process for tubular trusses

Design Studies, Volume 15, Issue 3, July 1994, Pages 248-259

Walid M.K. Tizani, Gwynne Davies, Timothy J. McCarthy2.Construction design and management safety regulations in practice— on implementation

International Journal of Project Management, Volume 18, Issue 1, February 2000, Pages 33-40

Tony Baxendale, Owain Jones 3.Design and construction of a concrete floating berth

Engineering Structures, Volume 18, Issue 11, November 1996, Pages 837-841

P. Starr, D. A. Wainwright4.Design, construction and testing of an air-cycle refrigeration system for road transport

International Journal of Refrigeration, Volume 27, Issue 5, August 2004, Pages 503-510

Stephen W. T. Spence, W. John Doran, David W. Artt 5.Design, construction and performance prediction of integrated solar roof collectors using finite element analysis

Construction and Building Materials, Volume 21, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages 1069-1078

Marwa M. Hassan, Yvan Beliveau

7.求一篇关于建筑结构的英文论文及翻译

Big span structure of FRP network analysis and forecastAbstract: this article will introduce a new big span structure, FRP netting structure. In a FRPWWS structure, high intensity of FRP materials like Chinese bamboo weaving of bamboo is a planar formation in the mesh network, the periphery of the structure of the anchorage in a JuanXing beam, the structure of the center for the anchorage netting another within the parameters. Threads on knitting production structure on the initial stress and advance within the parameters of surface movement to meet additional tension of various load resistance. Due to the high FRP materials, materials - weight ratio of this new form for some big span structure of space construction provides an attractive option, the span longer than conventional structural materials building span. In this paper, firstly introduces the basic structure of FRPWWS simple steps, then layout and construction illustrates three basic types of weaving structure, but also put forward some changes this way. This paper introduces a simple mechanical model for the mechanical deformation of FRP single, also gives an example of the structure of the finite element analysis process.A, introductionFRP is a new type of structural materials, in recent years in civil engineering research is very active. Because he has some good performance, such as corrosion, light weight, high strength, good fatigue resistance and low cost of maintenance, it was thought to be built in new century building long-span structure of ideal, but it is in some aspects of the traditional mechanical properties and structure of the material or have obvious difference, such as its various heterosexual phenomenon. Due to the uniqueness of FRP materials, the effective use of FRP materials and traditional building materials can span, it is necessary to study the new big span structure. Maeda et al. (2002) is built with the idea of FRP materials 5000 metres of suspension bridge spanIn this paper, the FRP netting structure of a kind of brand-new big span structure. This new structure form in a large span to try to effectively use the roof of FRP material performance. In FRPWWS structure, high intensity of FRP compiling Chinese traditional bamboo as the same are woven into a bamboo plane mesh structure. This mesh structure parameters on the anchoring outside outside, the structure of the center and a smaller parameters used in anchorage ribbon. Figure 1 is a small FRPWWS structure model. "Weave" to ensure the smooth of FRP materials at first, to the extent of FRP weave on the prestressed concrete. Then, through the surface movement within the parameters of FRP netting, to pull through the process of prestressing tendons tensile or may have certain parameters including the gravity. Therefore, the FRP nets formed a with two parameters of large-span roofs, the FRP nets set stiffness can resist all sorts of load.FRPWWS structure similar to the cable networks or cable retinal structure: they constitute part is flexible, By stretching and caused to resist geometric stiffness of load. However, FRPWWS structure has its unique advantages: (1) the weight of FRP materials of low and vertically superior materials properties are effective utilization and transverse weaknesses, but not exposed in the structure of large span of FRP system is ideal, (2) the interchange of FRP plait will produce the huge damping, thereby strengthening structural anti-seismic capability, (3) there are rules of netting modelling makes surface is beautiful, (4) due to corrosion and gravity small installation and maintenance costs low.This paper introduces a simple FRPWWS structure of the basic layout and construction steps. The plane was roughly threads for three. Also puts forward some practical application examples of the FRPWWS space. Proposes a used nets in the mechanical model of single FRP. Finally describes a simple analysis of finite element method FRPWWS examples.Second, simple FRPWWS layoutA summary of FRP netting structure includes a FRP weaving, used to anchor the outer ring beam and inner beam and one for the extra gravity tension loading or a group of prestress reinforcement, as shown in figure 1.Nets are woven from article by FRP, also recommend guest FRP or other high-performance carbon fiber hybrid woven article. Carbon fiber FRP in recent years is widely applied to high strength concrete structure of new materials, it is usually made by extrusion, including fiber to 65%. By China and the Swiss production of two kinds of representative products performance data in table 1 shows prosperity.Due to the 。

8.求一篇英文的建筑方面的论文

Building Types and Design A building is closely bound up with people,for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in . As classified by their use, buildings are mainly of two types: industrial buildingsand civil buildings.Industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling, employment, education and other social activities. Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds, in such fields as the mining industry, the metallurgical industry, machine building, the chemical industry and the textile industry.Factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones. The construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings. However, industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used. Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings. Residential buildings should suit family life. Each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms: a living room, a kitchen and a toilet. Public buildings can beused in politics, cultural activities, administration work and other services, such as schools, office buildings, parks, hospitals, shops, stations, theatres, gymnasiums, hotels, exhibition halls, bath pools, and so on. All of them have different functions, which in turn require different design types as well. Before any of the building can begin, plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like, the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.An important point in building design is the layout of rooms, which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relationto the purposes for which they are intended.In a dwelling house, the layout may be considered under three categories: “day”, “night”, and “services”. Attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas. The “day “rooms generally include a dining-room, sitting-room and kitchen, but other rooms, such as a study, may be added, and there may be a hall. The living-room, which is generally the largest, often serves as a dining-room, too, or the kitchen may have a dining alcove. The “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms. The “services “comprise the kitchen, bathrooms, larder, and water-closets. The kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms.It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms, and those most in use should preferably face south as possible. It is, however, often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements, both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads. In resolving these complex problems, it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities, density of population, height of buildings, proportion of green space to dwellings, building lines, the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood, and so on. There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations. The modern trend is towards light, airy factory buildings. Generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction, a factory can be given a “shed” type ridge roof, incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare.摘自一片建筑学论文，具体我忘了，希望可以帮到你。

9.求建筑英语的论文

迪拜帆船酒店In Dubai, say again name-drop hotels sailing hotel. The world's most luxurious hotel in the United Arab Emirates territory of Dubai, it is the hotel sailing on the first of the seven star hotels. Located in the Middle East in the united Arab emirates emirate of Dubai city in Dubai.。

"The idea is initially porcelain hotel by the united Arab emirates defense minister. Dubai, o prince, mark the figure, his dream to Dubai a Sydney opera house, the Eiffel Tower type of landmark. Through the world hundreds of stylist strange think of clever want, plus one great pocket money in Dubai and 5 years and finally created a fantastic architecture - will be powerful Islamic styles and extremely costly adornment and high-tech means, building perfect combination, the building itself won.Hotel by the British designer w.s.Atkins, appearance as a drum design filled with wind sail, a total of 56 layer, 321 meters high, is the highest in the world than in France, the Eiffel Tower hotel is on high. And splendid hotel suite, let you feel the king Arabian oil. All the rooms are two 202 of floor area of room, suite are 170 square meters, But the most widespread royal suite, more 780 meters. And all is be born glazing, can face of the Arabian sea. The most surprising is entered the room, had a steward waiting room with you explain how to use the high-tech facilities, for luxury honorable service tenet is must have the tenant is king, Arab oil in ruthlessly surprise, also let a person plaint the power of money. The most common in the luxury suites, for example, including curtain and the light switch is on the desk, laptops, Toshiba, hang on the wall can access the painting is full is authentic.Time."Porcelain engineering spent five years time, two and a half years in the Arabian sea islands, fill out two and a half years time in building itself, the use of the steel, and 9,000 tones of 250 foundation piles construction in 40 meters deep.This looks like a moving images of the hotel built in sailing on the beach, is a new form of tower a sailing. Name-drop hotels is one of the world's highest building only seven-star hotels (because of hotel equipment was too high, far more than five standards, had an exception says it do seven-star), established in December 1999, it is built in from the shoreline 280 meters are man-made Sumerian The latest name-drop hotels mix of architecture and engineering technology, charming scenery and modeling, making it look like and sky.Name-drop hotels were 56 layers, 321 meters high, higher than the Eiffel Tower in France. Hotel using double membrane structure forms, modeling is lightsome, elegant, strong membrane structure characteristics and modern style. It has double rooms, 202 of 200 meters high overlooks Dubai city restaurant. To name- drop hotels, you can realize the real meaning of "resplendent and magnificent”. It is the atrium, it's the golden most luxurious 780 meters in the presidential suite is luxuriant, especially in the first 25, furniture is plated with gold, and with a cinema, two bedrooms, a living room, one dining room between two, have special elevator. Room area from 170 square meters to 780 meters. Seven-star hotels, the lowest price affirmation is to $900, presidential suites are to 1.8 million dollars. The hotel owns eight BMW and two Rolls Royce, for all passengers directly between airports, also can from the hotel and layer 4-storey airport, 15 minutes by helicopter overlooking scenery. Air in Dubai, Guests like seafood restaurant meal, they will be in by submarines to restaurants, so they can enjoy sea before dinner.In 1999 autumn porcelain hotel opening door, welcome completion. It's luxurious degree breathtaking, experts are very difficult, I don't know which gives it a few stars, star, or five, six stars? It is without precedent, give out an exact result. Someone said, "Porcelain should to seven. Actually, a few stars in the world is not important, the key is the hotel ", "the desert and ocean between buildings and raise the human excellence of thinking and Hollywood's dream. Standing on the seashore of artificial islands, resembling a sailing, body, from head to foot article 56 layer, up 321 meters, with double rooms, in 202 set on the location of the building of the luxury restaurant overlooking the city, also a global finished top garden atrium。

10.高分求涉及建筑的英文论文材料

建筑资料毕业论文中英文

计算机毕业论文中英文翻译(计算机毕业论文英文摘要翻译)

1.计算机毕业论文英文摘要翻译

This article describes Borland JBuilder 2006 Enterprise development environment, the detailed process of the system, made of library information management, the basic objective of sharing resources, thus promoting the pace towards the digital library, and described the system design and functional design, from the Book of the storage register to the query view, from the library card issued to borrow books form a whole automated management, software engineering point of view from a scientific and rigorous exposition.

楼主请采纳。

2.计算机论文英语翻译

Abstract: Computer Application in the increasingly extensive and in-depth at the same time, computer and network security problems have become increasingly complex and prominent. Network vulnerability and complexity of the increased threats and the possibility of attack. With the global security incidents has risen over the years to ensure the safety of network information system has attracted the world's attention, and information security in all countries suffered from the unprecedented attention. This referral network security, the paper from the firewall, attacks and emergency response, intrusion detection, hacker, and so few simple explored.

网络、Network

防火墙（firewall）、

黑客 Hacker

Internet

3.计算机毕业论文英文摘要翻译

With the rapid development of science and technology, the automation of library management software and hardware required conditions are ripe. Therefore, I thought according to software engineering and management information system development steps to school libraries in the context of application requirements, design and development of the library management system.This article describes Borland JBuilder 2006 Enterprise development environment, the detailed process of the system, made of library information management, the basic objective of sharing resources, thus promoting the pace towards the digital library, and described the system design and functional design, from the Book of the storage register to the query view, from the library card issued to borrow books form a whole automated management, software engineering point of view from a scientific and rigorous exposition.楼主请采纳。

4.求计算机毕业论文要求的外文翻译

原发布者：ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、黑体字、居中打印；2.正文：采用小四号、宋体字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文：采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注：五号，TimesNewRoman，顺序为作者.题目.出处，五、封面格式由学校统一制作（注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目，封面中文小四号宋体，英文小四号TimesNewRoman），六、装订：左侧均匀装订，上下共两个钉，并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

5.求有关于计算机方面的论文要全英文的,要带中文翻译,字数3000字以

Information literacy Knowing how to find data from several sources, select relevant material, analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make decisions. Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage information. Information technologists are people who analyse and design the tools. What is a computer? Tradition definitions of computers include ?? A machine that accepts data and processes it into use information. ?? A computer is a binary, digital, electronic, stored program machine. ?? While a computer is commonly a digital machine, analogue machine do exist. An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), process data arithmetically and logically, produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future use. Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and Wan. A computer system consists of hardware and software. What is hardware? Hardware Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou it. Input Devices Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can process. The central processing unit The electronic processing takes place in the CPU. The CPU consists of ?? A control unit that controls all of the computer's functions and an ?? Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation Memory Memory holds all programs and What is RAM currently open? Data (notes) Word processor O.S Output devices Output devices convert the computer's electronic signals back into information Secondary storage devices These devices store programs and data permanently. The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current use. E.g. DVD CD Communication devices These devices enable a computer to connect to another computer. List the six different type of hardware? Secondary storage(external), input, processor, output , memory, Communication. Name eight pieces of hardware USB, keyboard, monitor, screen, RAM, ROM, VDU, Modem. The system unit and peripheral devices The system unit is the computer box. Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine. Peripheral devices include the key board, mouse, printer, joy stick and others. Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine. Peripheral devices include the keyboard, mouse, printer, joy stick and others. What else does a computer have? Software Software is a computer program ,which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information. These instructions are written in languages that computer can interpret. Software includes computer games, a word processing packing, an accounting package, amongst Definition of a computer system ?? A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software, functioning together, to process data into useful information, in order to achieve a purpose for a human user. What is data? ?? Data is raw facts, be they numbers, words, images and sounds, that can be input into a computer. e.g. Mary a name is a piece of data What is information? ?? Information is processed data, that has meaning and is useful. e.g. John is a list of names who scored an A grade on an exam John A Chai A Pam A e.g. Commodore $23 500 Magna $21 500 Falcon $19 800 The system unit contains the ?? Motherboard ?? CPU ?? Memory ?? Other electronics It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulated The Processor CPU The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer, the CPU contain the ?? Control unit and the ?? Arithmetic logic unit Control unit The control unit directs and coordinates the computer's operations. For every single instruction, the control unit repeats four basic operations, ?? Fetching ?? Decoding ?? Executing ?? Storing CPU speed The CPU's speed may be measured in MIPS The number of millions of instructions per second Arithmetic/logic unit The ALU performs all calculations, which involve ?? Arithmetic operations 2+3 ?? Comparison operations age>=17 ?? Logical operations pass Processing instructions A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as pipelining. Current CPU's can pipeline up to 4 instructions. Storage within the CPU Registers 。

6.求一篇关于计算机的中英文翻译~

仅供参考：what's so significant about a computer's ability to store instructions? Take a moment to think about the way you use a simple handheld calculator to balance your checkbook each month. You're forced to do the calculations in stages. Although you can store data from one stage and use it in the next stage. you cannot store the sequence of formulas-the program required to balance your checkbook. 计算机缘何能够存储指令？首先，让我们看一下您每个月结算账单时所使用的那种简易计算器。

使用这种计算器时，您必须按步就班的进行计算。虽然这种计算器可以将当前计算步骤中的结论存储起来，用于下一步计算，但是它无法存储一系列的计算公式--用于结算账单的程序。

Every month. therefore. you have to perform a similar set of calculations. The process would be much simpler if your calculator remembered the set of calculations you needed to perform, and simply asked you for this month's checkbook entries. 每个月您都得重复进行类似计算。您要进行哪些计算，如果计算器能够将它们记住的话，您工作起来将事半功倍，只需输入当月账单上的原始数据就可以轻松搞定了。

Early "computers" were really no more than calculating devices, designed to carry out a specific mathematical task. To use one of these devices for a different task, it was necessary to rewire its circuits -a job best left to an engineer. 早期的“计算机”只是是计算设备罢了，只能执行特定的数学计算。执行不同任务时，需要对其电路进行重写---这项工作一般由工程师完成。

In a modern computer. the idea of stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer's memory. These instructions can easily be replaced by a different set of instructions when it is time for the computer to perform another task. 现代计算机中的存储程序概念表示用于执行计算任务的指令序列可以载入计算机主存。当计算机执行不同任务时，不同指令序列可以轻松替换当前的指令序列，进行新的计算。

The stored program concept allows you to use your computer for one task, such as word processing,and then easily switch to a different type of computing task, such as editing a photo or sending an e-mail message. it is the single most important characteristic that distinguishes a computer from other simpler and less versatile devices, usch as calculators and pocketed-sized electronic dictionaries. 通过存储程序概念，您可以使用计算机进行字处理，也可以轻松切换到图像编辑或电子邮件发送等其它类型的计算任务。存储程序概念是区分计算机与计算器和袖珍电子词典等其它功能较简易的电子设备的唯一区别，同时也是最重要区别。

7.求有关计算机方面的英语论文.带翻译

ASP 个人网站（毕业设计+论文）

（专业且庞大的的毕业设计论文技术人员，超大数量的毕业论文范文，专业代做毕业设计，代写毕业论文，彻底帮您解决毕业设计的难题，专业毕业设计网原创发布最新发布）

摘要：计算机技术的发展，特别是网络技术的飞速发展，给文档的保存和管理提供极大的方便。本论文中，将软件工程的基本原理和方法应用到整个系统，并对其进行需求分析，提出了解决问题的具体方法。在具体制作中，用ASP技术来实现B/S系统，ASP技术与数据库技术结合，用户在浏览器端可以随意查询自己需要的标本，而数据的后台操作则由服务器端处理。这样提高了网页的互动性，使整个系统能更好的为用户服务。

关键词：软件工程 ASP 动态网页

The Digitization of Southwest Forestry College's Sample Room

—The Construction of Dynamic Websites

Chen Hai

(Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China)

Abstract:With the rapidly developing of computer technology, especially in the network, the storage and management of file is more convenient. In this paper, the basic theory and the method of the soft project were used in the whole system, and basing on the analysis of the system's demand, the measure was brought forward. In the building of the network, ASP technology was used to realize B/S system. Because of the integrity of ASP technology and Database technology the users can inquire about the specimen they need freely with the disposal of data by the server. In this way ,the inter dynamic of the webpage was improved and the whole system could server the users better..

Key words:Soft Project; ASP; Dynamic Webpage

详细出处参考：

8.计算机毕业设计论文摘要和关键字要英文翻译

Since the 21st century, the human economy has developed high speed, the people live have had the change which changes with each new day, specially computer's application and popularization to economical and social life each domain. Along with the computer in the social life each domain's widespread utilization, the computer virus attack and the guard technology unceasingly is also developing, has brought the huge destruction and the latent threat for the computer system. It is reported that various countries suffer the computer virus infection and the attack event are counted by the 100 million, has disturbed the normal human society life seriously, has brought the huge latent threat and the destruction for the computer network and the system. Along with the computer, the network utilization popularizes unceasingly, thoroughly, will guard against the computer virus to receive various countries to take seriously more and more. In order to ensure system's security and unimpeded, therefore, studies the computer virus the measure to be imminent. This article obtains from computer's characteristic, to come the preliminary discussion to cope with the computer virus the method and the measure. 计算机Computer，、病毒 virus系统安全system safety。

9.计算机英语急求

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is complex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system's requirement analysis, system structure and function in detail.1. INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS software is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, two needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a completely aiding decision system are required.。

10.急

Good Moring, ladies and gentlemen, Today my topic of my speech is the advantages and the disadvantages of computers. In this information age/era, computer is very important in our everyday lives. It definitely make our lives easier in many ways. First of all, it helps us communicate with people all around the world, which means it not only save a lot of time when we have to send a message from one country to another, but also save a large of unnecessary troubles for us. Secondly, it gives many unemployed people chances to get a job. We can use computers and the Internet to sell and buy almost anything nowadays. Last but not least, many wonderful games come along with the advent of computers. And playing computer games is one of the most popular ways to entertain and to relax. So, computers are really good for our human beings in many different aspects.However, every coin has two sides. Computers also bring us many troubles. It gets across much unhealthy information and causes many crimes. But if we can use computer properly, it is still an amazing invention to us. Therefore, I hope that everyone, especially the young people, like me, can really appreciate the help of computers and make the best use of them.There are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well. Advantages of online or computer-based learning Class work can be scheduled around work and family Reduces travel time and travel costs for off-campus students Students may have the option to select learning materials that meets their level of knowledge and interest Students can study anywhere they have access to a computer and Internet connection Self-paced learning modules allow students to work at their own pace Flexibility to join discussions in the bulletin board threaded discussion areas at any hour, or visit with classmates and instructors remotely in chat rooms Instructors and students both report eLearning fosters more interaction among students and instructors than in large lecture courses eLearning can accommodate different learning styles and facilitate learning through a variety of activities Develops knowledge of the Internet and computers skills that will help learners throughout their lives and careers Successfully completing online or computer-based courses builds self-knowledge and self-confidence and encourages students to take responsibility for their learning Learners can test out of or skim over materials already mastered and concentrate efforts in mastering areas containing new information and/or skills Disadvantages of online or computer-based learning Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may fall behind Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines Students may feel isolated from the instructor and classmates Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need help Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials frustrating Managing computer files and online learning software can sometimes seem complex for students with beginner-level computer skills Hands-on or lab work is difficult to simulate in a virtual classroom早上好，女士们，先生们，我今天我讲话的主题是电脑的优点和缺点。

在这个信息时代/时代，电脑是非常重要的在我们的日常生活中。这肯定会使我们的生活在许多方面更容易。

首先，它帮助我们与人沟通世界各地，这意味着它不仅可以节省大量的时间时，我们必须从一国发送邮件到另一个，而且还节省我们大量不必要的麻烦。其次，它给很多失业的人的机会找到工作。

我们可以使用电脑和互联网销售和购买现在几乎所有的东西。最后但并非最不重要的，许多美妙的游戏来随着计算机的出现。

和玩电脑游戏。

计算机毕业论文中英文翻译

毕业论文中英文翻译模板(英语毕业论文的范文和格式)

1.英语毕业论文的范文和格式

Generally speaking, a speech may have the following stylistic characteristics: To begin with, it must be very persuasive. Thus the sentence patterns are very well-organized, with repetitions, parallelism and contrasts frequently used. Secondly, it should be emotional so as to be convincing, because the speaker should face the audience directly and his words should not only be orderly and informative but also be expressive and inspiring. Therefore, the stylistic devices such as similes and metaphors are often involved. Finally, in many cases, written-conversational style is usually used with not very formal diction and not very complicated sentence structure. Bibliography: [1]. Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, August 28, 1963 [2]. Wang Shouyuan, Essentials of English Stylistics, Shandong University Press, July, 2000 [3]. Pan Shaozhang, English Rhetoric and Writing, Shanghai Transportation University Press, December, 1998 [4]. Widdowson, H. G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1975 [5]. Leech, G. N. “ 'This bread I break' Language and interpretation”. In D.C. Freeman. (ed.). Linguistics and Literature Style. New York:Holt, Rinhart & Winston. Acknowledgements: It was really a laborious task to accomplish a B.A thesis. Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I'd like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, vice professor Mr. Liu Fagong, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I'd like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English College, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future. A Brief Introduction to the Author: Su Zhanghai, a student in Class One 1988 Grade, majoring in English Education, and a well-to-be teacher in Shandong Agricultural University, who whole-heartedly gives his best wishes to all the teachers in Qufu Normal University.Article resource :。

2.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

呵呵（因字数有限制，我可发给你）英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。

然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：（1）苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；（2）苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；（3）苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；（4）苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。

最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。关键词：悲剧，反抗精神，工业运动，不幸命运。

3.大家都来说说毕业设计外文翻译都怎么弄的

毕业设计的外文翻译，一般都有涉及专业知识英语，有的确实比较难翻译。个人认为，只要你不是外语专业的，一般的专业应该对外文的翻译要求不会特别严格吧，重点还是要把中文部分的写好呢。

我之前用的方法是根据中文编写的毕业设计内容，逐段在线翻译查询加上自身的英语语法理解再仔细推敲每句话的合理性，才翻译成的。需要提醒的是，网上查到的逐句的翻译基本是直译的，比如部分专有名词你会发现直译过来的会让你哭笑不得，你可以多查下专业书的附录，一般后面有附专业名词英文表。基本在线翻译过来的语句很多都得自己根据英语语法等知识再做调整，这也是它比较难的地方。

4.英文论文的详细格式

英文论文的详细格式：一、标题一篇较长的英语论文（如英语毕业论文）一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下：第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行（通常为by，居中）的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期（均居中）。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名（如：Dr./Prof.C.Prager）及本门课程的编号或名称（如：English 734或British Novel）。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为0.6cm（论文其他部分行距同此）。

二、提纲英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下：先在第一行（与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右）的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。

各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。

如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。

（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。四、正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。

段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码（但应计算其页数），自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角（即空出第一行，在其后部）打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字（或其最后一位）应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。

美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。

美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited，其格式须注意下列几点：目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码（但必须计算页数），其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。

在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料：发表论文作用：论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。

不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生毕业需要；教师、医护人员、科研院所的人员、企业员工等晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。2、申报基金、课题：教育、科技、卫生系统每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文是作为基金或课题完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学等领域开展的。

5.中英文翻译（毕业论文摘要和关键词）

abstract : since 1978 college entrance examination has been resumed,the students take being a university student as the highest purchase ,while being admitted by famous as gaining the steady work.To improve the whole qulity of nationals,on 1998 along with the implement of merging Colleges and Universities and enlarging recruitment,high level education was transferred from elite education to mass education. The former so-called the most favored students become a common one.With the increasing enrollment yearly the contradiction of Employment of university students became more and more intense. Especially under the influence of the global financial crisis,the situation of employment of university students is not optimistic,and for granted receive general concern from Central government , the State Council and all the community of sociaty.The current status of university students and employment situation have ascended as social issues. Recently central government and State Council issue a series of preferential policies for college students,in the form of encouraging them to create business and practice in grass-roots ,so as to alleviate the social problems of employment of university students.key words: university students in our country , Employment situation and the current status , social issues, reasons and measures analysis 翻的好辛苦！ - -。

6.英语毕业论文模板

英语专业的论文我就多了，不过你给的分也太多了点，给你发些题目吧，追加就分，给个红旗，同性恋和文化多元性《德伯家的苔丝》悲剧成因探析浅析广告英语中的修辞西方思潮对当代中国青年的负面影响论美国电影对中国电影业造成冲击的原因逃避，不如直面 ——浅谈“逃避主义”的根源英汉广告文化和翻译从尊卑与平权看中西方文化的道德差异分析《傲慢与偏见》中的一个次要人物做合格的外贸人才——针对英语专业在校生从电影《美丽人生》看完美男人形象浅谈中学英语听说教学从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧因素英国女王伊丽莎白一世的宗教改革英国战争对英语习语的影响个体语言与语境开发草地生态旅游促进西部经济发展海丝特与卡米拉爱情观的对比分析愉快教学法在初中英语教学中的研究中学英语教学中的肢体语言的应用解读《简。

爱》的帝国主义意识浅析美国早期移民文化中国和西方的酒文化中英死亡委婉语对比分析苔丝的反叛精神浅谈交际法在中学英语教学中的应用关于攀枝花市公示语汉英翻译的调查与分析消除不良商标翻译的策略大学英语教学中的弊端及对策论美国“西进运动”的双刃性七曲山大酒店的管理弊端及其对策从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看人的性格对命运的决定作用企业文化对企业发展的作用论中西方文学作品对正面人物的刻画一位坚强独立的女性——简·爱试论格萨拉生态旅游区的现状及发展前景妇女——当代美国社会不可小觑的力量浅谈格萨拉景区旅游开发前景像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩初中英语课堂互动教学的探索论旅游英语的特征中学生个体差异与英语素质教育商标语的翻译初中学生个体差异与英语教学论《美国悲剧》中萝贝塔的悲剧性从现代汉语中的外来词看中国文化对西方文化的吸收与论《白象似的群山》中海明威独特的写作风格攀枝花民族中学英语教学特性分析及对策从福娃“改名”谈文化词的翻译策略美国英语与英国英语在词汇上的差异非语言交际在中学英语教学中的有效应用从《哈利·波特》看儿童的成长浅析苔丝之死《老人与海》象征主义探究 “师道尊严”对当代中国英语教学的负面影响日常生活中提高英语口语方法探析攀枝花生态旅游的发展在国际商务谈判中建立良好第一印象的技巧从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征企业文化在企业发展中的作用习语及习语的汉英翻译盖茨比美国梦的幻灭——透视现实生活中的爱情文化差异对第二语言学习的影响浅析爱默生的《论自助》——人生自主的源泉在中西方文化背景中对龙的不同阐释论教学交往互动中的对话冷战后美国外交的文化阐释网络对当代青少年的影响欧美人所理解之天堂世界观基于作品人物浅析菲茨杰拉德中国80后一代眼中的美国文化和中国文化解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》看宗教禁欲主义下的爱情跨文化交际与中西文化冲突谈如何理解海明威《一个干净明亮的地方》网络在中学英语教学中的应用我看简·爱的爱情中美家庭教育与个人能力培养试论言语行为理论在广告语中的运用《老人与海》的悲剧色彩：对完美主义的质疑英语名的取名艺术英语名的取名艺术分析简·爱的美中西文化中颜色词的象征意义重拾爱伦·坡的哥特小说——从写作手法剖析论《红字》中的孤独因素汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响小学英语教育中的新方法中西方婚俗的差异斯佳丽：“旧”时代的“新”女性交际法在中学英语课堂的应用论修辞在英语广告中的应用中国西部未来人才需要论福斯塔夫的性格从《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧看20世纪初女性的社会从商标及广告翻译看中英文化差异儿童英语的交互性教学英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合浅谈大学生英语口语表达能力的提高美国高等教育的多元化教师在小学英语教学中的角色和作用分析罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱情悲剧之研究放松艺术——论失落情绪的消除社会底层的底层——分析美国非裔妇女的社会地位论中西饮食文化差异文化认同的悲剧从美国“迷惘的一代”看当今中国年轻人的生活中美文化视野中对个人主义的认同差异透过《飘》看现代女性对待生活的态度美国社会的葛朗台现象多种方法，提高初中英语课堂效益学前幼儿的英语口语教学方法和技巧论毒品对青少年的危害从原创广告分析中美文化差异乐山大佛风景区宗教旅游资源的研究从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值从伊丽莎白一世的婚姻看现代爱情观美国黑人文化得以幸存的原因解析激发学生学习英语的兴趣英国的民族个性——高贵与务实在饮食中的表现大学双语教学的现状及对策倾城之恋》与《飘》的女性主义解读浅析中国慈善事业发展现状思想的解放理性的光芒浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义林奇与狼牙山五从英汉习语的翻译看中西方文化差异初中英语教学的弊端及对策论家庭教育和学校教育的结合都市边缘文化中西方同性恋文化浅析《简·爱》的浪漫主义解读冷战后的美国对外战略洋快餐对中国饮食文化的影响中国教育体制下情境教学法的误区美国俚语中的文化特征美国黑人文化的灵魂—。

7.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。关键词：悲剧，反抗精神，工业运动，不幸命运。

8.急求一篇英语专业毕业论文

跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 Intercultural Communication and Chinese-Western Cultural Conflict 【摘要】近年来，在全球化背景下，中西方文化发生交织碰撞。

随着中西跨文化交际活动的日益频繁，由于各国的价值观念、伦理道德观念、民族习惯等差异，发生文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜，并且时常会闹出很多笑话，出现很多让人难堪的尴尬境地。这严重影响了双方交往的顺利进行和国家与国家之间的友谊。

因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定措施来培养跨文化交际的能力，避免文化冲突，让国与国之间的交际交流变得轻松自如，成为一种人人渴望的享受而不再是怯场或恐惧。【关键词】跨文化交际、中西，文化差异、文化冲突 Abstract:In recent years,at the background of globalization,Chinese and Western cultural occurred interweaves the collision.As the frequency between the Chinese and Western intercultural activity day by day,cases of the cultural conflict had been happened repeatedly because of differences on concept of value,ethics morality and national customs among various countries.And it often make many jokes,appears circumstances which made people embarrassed.This seriously affected both two sides to associate succeed and the friendship between nations.Therefore,we are necessary to discover its deep-level reason and take some certain measures to develop the intercultural communication ability.Avoids the cultural conflict,let the social communication becoming more free and relaxed between nation and nation,and then ,becoming an enjoyment everyone wants instead of frighteen or fear. Key Words:Intercultural Communication,Chinese-Western,Cultural Defference,Cultural Conflict. 随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野。

在这种情况下，跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增，这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会，这对于加深我们对西方社会的理解是一件好事。因为社会逐渐趋于一体化，国与国之间的交往也应越来越密切，这样才符合时代赋予我们与时俱进的要求和使命。

但这并不是一件简单的事情，因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。其实，要想解决掉由于文化差异而引起的文化冲突问题，我们必须对这个问题出现的根源进行深刻的认识和剖析，这样才能清醒的认识到在跨文化交际中该做的和不该做的，能说的和不能说的，让每一次的交流都变得轻松惬意，成为一次难忘的经历和美好回忆。

1.中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种，在这里我们只列出比较常见的几种。 1.1隐私方面的冲突中国人的隐私观念一向比较薄弱，认为个人要归属于集体，在一起讲究团结友爱，互相关心，故而往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣，对方也愿意坦诚相告。

并且只有这样才能显示出有多么在意对方，把对方真正的当朋友来看待。西方人则相反，他们非常注重个人隐私，讲究个人空间，个人意识相当强烈，不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情，更不愿意让别人干预。

即使是再亲密无间的朋友，他们在交谈时也会适可而止。因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突，例如：中国人第一次见面往往会询问对方的年龄，婚姻状况，儿女，职业，甚至收入，在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌，但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私。

1.2时间观方面的冲突西方人的时间观也是很强的，他们非常珍惜时间，在生活中往往对时间都提前就做了精心的安排和计划，并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方，要拜访某人，必须事先通知或约定，并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点，经商定后方可进行。

而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家，在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性，一般不会像西方人那样严格的按照计划进行，有时跟别人约见甚至有可能只是临时决定或者提前半个小时而已，在赴约的准时程度上也没那么严谨，迟到几分钟是很常见的情况。而且理由借口也是相当的俱全，什么堵车啊，家里临时发生什么事脱不了身啊等等。

这方面跟西方人差别很大，因此西方人对此往往感到很不适应，也很难接受。但中国人却认为理所当然，不会觉得有任何不妥之处。

1.3客套语方面的冲突中国一直是个各方面都比较传统的国家。中国人也向来注重谦虚，在与人交际时，讲求“卑己尊人”，把这看作一种美德，这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象。

在别人赞扬我们时，我们往往会自贬一番，以表谦虚有礼。这一点在称呼方面尤其突出，例如在向别人介绍自己的夫人时会介绍：“这是贱内！”儿子会以“犬子”代称，称自己为“鄙人”等等。

但在称呼别人时却又是大放词语异彩：对方的父母是令尊令堂，对方的儿子是令公子等等。他们把这当成一种客套，一种礼节，自己永远在别人之下。

特别是在受到夸奖或表扬时，中国人总喜欢把这句话挂。

9.英语论文翻译

hello~~

Language is a social product, the carrier of culture, can reflect the characteristics of a nation, implies that the national attitude toward life, views and values and ways of thinking; including gender discrimination in various social phenomena must be in the language expression. Language of gender discrimination is a long-standing social problem, to a large extent to belittle and denigrate women, it is a woman in a male in a subordinate position in society, being a reflection of unfair treatment. Today, the relationship between language and gender, language, the gender factor has become an important research topic in linguistics. This paper describes in English the various manifestations of gender discrimination and its impact on society, to analyze the phenomenon of gender discrimination for various reasons, and summarized in the English language the process of applying the method to eliminate gender discrimination in order to raise awareness of the understanding of this phenomenon, a better understanding of language, gender and the relationship between the community and promote the evolution of language toward the direction of gender equality.

毕业论文中英文翻译模板

毕业论文的中英文对照(急求毕业论文摘要关键词中英文对照)

1.急求毕业论文摘要、关键词中英文对照

Abstract: Behavior of teachers in the teaching classroom, including manner in ognanizaitons of teaching contents and way of implement teaching from the main aspect, representing in words and deeds of teachers from secondary aspect, then we can see the relations of behavior in the teaching classroom and qualities of teaching from this. This text researches behavior in the teaching classroom that affects impacts of teaching and analyses transform trends of behavior in the teaching classroom now. The purpose is finding behavior in the teaching classroom which is in favor of improving qualities of teaching.See defects and encourage ourself, know more and do better in practice.Keywords: behavior in the teaching classroom, behavior problem in the teaching classroom, transform trends。

2.急求毕业论文摘要、关键词中英文对照

Teachers' teaching behaviors, including teachers of the aspects of teaching content, teaching organization, implementation method and small aspect is in words and deeds of teachers, teaching behavior and the relationship between the quality of classroom teaching is obvious. Proceeding from the classroom teaching behavior problems, affects the effect of classroom teaching, teaching conduct analysis of the current teaching behavior change trend, its purpose is to enhance the quality of classroom teaching differentiates the classroom behavior, and develop the defects, and practice.。

3.毕业论文需要中英对照,请高人帮忙翻译成英文,（不要Google在线

With the coming of the 21 century,everyone seems to be "micro-ed"in every corner of the world.Microblog,Wechat,microfilm and micro-contacts。This is a year,in which the microfilm is germinated and

flourishing in China,and also the moment that advertising on movie and TV is booming.In recent years,TV

advertisings of microfilm style can be seen on both TV and networks.This kind of TV advertising is becoming a hot

trend and dominating the ads industry rely on its unique design of plots,ingenious artistic conception,abundant

creative concepts and the deep emotion.

The essay will analyze the phenomenon from three aspects,and probe into the future of the advertisings of microfilm

style.

Specifically,the article anaylze the current situation of 21 century advertising media on TV in China,and both

reason and background of the rising of the TV advertising of microfilm style.Secondly,it give the advantages of the

the latter when comparing the traditional advertising on TV and the one of microfilm style .Finally,it takes some

of the mostly photographed and well-reacted TV advertising of microfilm style as the example,and have a precise

analysis of the creative concept and the emotional appeal.TV advertising of microfilm style is still on a stage of

development and popularizing.And I hope the article may have some reference functions to the research on TV

advertising of microfilm style and the thriving and prosperous development of the ads industry in the future.

微电影式广告和微电影式电视广告，全部译成了"TV advertising of microfilm style"（不然一会儿这个一会儿那个很怪），而且这是全文唯一不确定的专有名词，如果找到替代的和你认为更好的可以全文替换。

排比多的还好，但是句子太长的我也没办法，只能一样长了。

4.我写论文的摘要需要中英文对照,哪个英文高手帮忙哈,我要的是高手

The eco-tourism is now the world tourism development hot spot, its meaning is not only refers to all looks at the natural scenery the travel, moreover stressed that the scenery which looks at should not have the loss. The traveling to the environment dependence, the traveling and the environmental protection unifies can obtain the sustained development, the tourism sustainable development should with the economy, the culture and so on other domain development be coordinated. Because our country is vast in territory, the latitude span is big, the geography, the landform, the regional characteristic are obvious, the climatic zone assumes the north and south transition distribution, therefore Xishuangbanna tourist resources are containing the huge development potential; But looking from the Xishuangbanna present present situation, the environmental pollution, the ecological environment is destructed the question to be quite serious, causes Xishuangbanna to develop the eco-tourism to receive the very big restriction at present. Therefore, Xishuangbanna eco-tourism development faces the subject matter and the countermeasure research are one have the important meaning hot topic.。

5.求应用电子的毕业论文科技论文要求：就是关于电子方面的中英文对

单片机广泛应用于商业：诸如调制解调器，电动机控制系统，空调控制系统，汽车发动机和其他一些领域。

这些单片机的高速处理速度和增强型外围设备集合使得它们适合于这种高速事件应用场合。然而，这些关键应用领域也要求这些单片机高度可靠。

健壮的测试环境和用于验证这些无论在元部件层次还是系统级别的单片机的合适的工具环境保证了高可靠性和低市场风险。Intel 平台工程部门开发了一种面向对象的用于验证它的AT89C51汽车单片机多线性测试环境。

这种环境的目标不仅是为AT89C51汽车单片机提供一种健壮测试环境，而且开发一种能够容易扩展并重复用来验证其他几种将来的单片机。开发的这种环境连接了AT89C51。

本文讨论了这种测试环境的设计和原理，它的和各种硬件、软件环境部件的交互性，以及如何使用AT89C51。 1 介绍 8位AT89C51 CHMOS工艺单片机被设计用于处理高速计算和快速输入/输出。

MCS-51单片机典型的应用是高速事件控制系统。商业应用包括调制解调器，电动机控制系统，打印机，影印机，空调控制系统，磁盘驱动器和医疗设备。

汽车工业把MCS-51单片机用于发动机控制系统，悬挂系统和反锁制动系统。AT89C51尤其很好适用于得益于它的处理速度和增强型片上外围功能集，诸如：汽车动力控制，车辆动态悬挂，反锁制动和稳定性控制应用。

由于这些决定性应用，市场需要一种可靠的具有低干扰潜伏响应The monolithic integrated circuit widely applies to the trade: Such asmodem, motor control system, air conditioning control system, motorcar engine and other some domains. These monolithic integratedcircuits high speed processing speeds and the enhancement auxiliaryequipment set causes them to suit to this kind of high speed eventapplication situation. However, these key application domains alsorequest these monolithic integrated circuits to be highly reliable.The vigorous and healthy test environment and uses in to confirm theseregardless of or the system rank monolithic integrated circuitappropriate tool environment has guaranteed the redundant reliabilityand the low market risk in the Yuan part level. The Intel platformengineering department object-oriented developed one kind to use in toconfirm its AT89C51 automobile monolithic integrated circuitmultilinear form test environment. This kind of environment goal notonly is the AT89C51 automobile monolithic integrated circuit providesone kind of vigorous and healthy test environment, moreover willdevelop one kind to be able to be easy to expand and the repetitionuses for to confirm other several kind of future the monolithicintegrated circuit. Development this kind of environment has connectedAT89C51. This article discussed this kind of test environment designand the principle, it and each kind of hardware, does the softwareenvironment part interaction, how as well as use AT89C51. 1 introduction 8 AT89C51 the CHMOS craft monolithic integrated circuit isdesigned uses in to process the high speed computation and the fastinput/output. The MCS-51 monolithic integrated circuit modelapplication is the high speed event control system. Commercial useincluding modem, motor control system, printer, photogravure press,air conditioning control system, disk driver and medical equipment.The automobile industry uses in the engine control system the MCS-51monolithic integrated circuit, the suspension system and locks on theother side the braking system. AT89C51 especially very good issuitable from benefits from on its processing speed and theenhancement piece the periphery function collection, such as: Theautomobile power control, the vehicles dynamic are hanging, lock onthe other side apply the brake with the stable control application. Asa result of these decisive applications, the market requirement onekind reliable has lowly disturbs the expense - potency controllerwhich the ambush responds, the service massive time and the eventactuates the integrated periphery ability which needs in the real-timeapplication, has outdoes the average processing power in the soleroutine package the central processor. Has the equipment economy andthe legal risk which the operation cannot be forecast are very high.Once enters the market, especially the duty decisiveness applicationsuch as autopilot or locks on the other side the braking system, willbe wrong will be in the financial resource forbids. The redesignexpense may reach as high as 500K US dollar的费用-效能控制器，服务大量时间和事件驱动的在实时应用需要的集成外围的能力，具有在单一程序包中高出平均处理功率的中央处理器。拥有操作不可预测的设备的经济和法律风险是很高的。

一旦进入市场，尤其任务决定性应用诸如自动驾驶仪或反锁制动系统，错误将是财力。

6.需要一篇中英文对照的翻译毕业论文用关于高精度照度计的设计方面

紫外线照度计1401是一种高质量的UV能量测量仪。

其独特设计的内置手把，在使用时更为方便。融达紫外线照度计是用于测量不同光源的UV能量，尤其是用于印刷机器上。

确保印刷及干燥之过程达到理想的质量控制。能量计能测量的光谱范围为 250-410纳米，最佳感应高峰光谱输出为330纳米。

当曝光循环时附加射入的光线数量，相对的价值会计算在内。由于光源不规律的放射分布，及不同制造商有不同的构造设计。

以致在同一测量条件下，可能出现不同的读数。使用方法： 1. 按下紫外线照度计之开关制“ON”，显示屏上将显示“0”。

2. 把紫外线照度计翻转放在输送带上。（传感器是安装在仪器之背面，亦能抵受较高的温度。）

3. 待仪器通过了输送带手，可从正面阅读结果。紫外线照度计显示如：mJ/cm2 4. 在进行一个新的测量程序前，必须先把仪器关掉，然后再次开动。

显示屏上将重新调至“0”。接着可依照2继续操作。

注意事项： 1. 请避免摇动仪器。 2. 勿直视或非直视即通过折射/反射UV灯，保证身体的任何部位均不受UV灯直射。

技术数据：光谱范围： UV 250-410 nm（纳米）测量范围： 0-5,000 mW/cm2（毫瓦特/平方厘米）显示范围： 0-999,999 mJ/cm2（毫焦耳/平方厘米）电源： AAA电池电功耗： 100μA 电池寿命：正常操作使用一年几何尺寸： 140毫米直径，13毫米高净重量：约450克环境温度： 0至45度（摄氏℃）瞬时温度： 110（摄氏℃）温度不可超过10秒。调查校验：由于所有的电子原件，尤其是其灯光感应器，通常都会随时间而老化，所以建议一年进行一次校验。

而且更换电池后，也应进行调查校验。 According to 1401 meters UV is a high-quality UV energy meter. Its unique design of the built-in hand, more convenient in use. Melting of the UV meter according to the different light source is used to measure the UV energy, especially for the printing machine. To ensure that the process of printing and drying to achieve the ideal of quality control. Energy Meter to measure the spectral range of 250-410 nm, the best sensor peak output of 330 nanometer spectrum. When the exposure cycle the number of additional light into the relative value of the excluded. Irregular as a result of the radiation source distribution, and different manufacturers have different structural design. Result in the same measurement conditions, the readings may be different. Use: 1. Press UV system according to meters of the switch "ON", the display will show "0." 2. According to the ultraviolet light turned on the conveyor belt on the meter. (Sensor is installed in the back of equipment, can withstand a higher temperature.) 3. Through the conveyor belt to be hand equipment can be seen from the results of a positive reading. According to the UV meter shows such as: mJ/cm2 4. Conducting a new measurement procedure must first turn off the apparatus, and then start again. Will re-display to "0." Can then continue to operate in accordance with 2. Notes: 1. Please avoid shaking apparatus. 2. Do not open or open by refraction / reflection UV light to ensure that any part of the body are not subject to direct UV light. Technical Data: Spectral range: UV 250-410 nm (nanometer) range: 0-5,000 mW/cm2 (milliwatts / square cm) display range: 0-999,999 mJ/cm2 (mJ / square cm) Power: AAA battery Electric power consumption: 100μA battery life: the normal operation of the use of one-year geometry: 140 mm diameter, 13 mm high Net weight: 450 grams of about ambient temperature: 0-45 degrees (Celsius ℃) instantaneous temperature: 110 (Celsius ℃) temperature can not be more than 10 seconds. Check the survey: As all of the electronics components, especially its light sensor, usually with time of aging, it is proposed to conduct a check for one year. And replace the battery, the check should also be investigated.。

毕业论文的中英文对照

毕业论文中英文翻译在哪找(请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找)

1.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找

先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英

文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文

献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。

第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。

第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。

第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。

1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）

3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

一，选题要新颖。

这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。

二，大量文献做基础

仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗

三，一气呵成

做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。

四，尽量采用多的专业术语

可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。

五，用正规格式书写

参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。

六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程

如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。

七，成稿打印好交给导师

无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。

八，听取导师意见，仔细修改

导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。

2.毕业论文中的外文翻译可以在什么网站找到

毕业论文中的外文翻译可以到学校图书馆电子资源库，利用图书馆资源查找。也可以提取论文关键词在网页搜索框中搜索，从你的论文题目提取，注意参考文献不需要完全和你的标题一致，有时候搜索不到外文的时候，记得放大你的关键词范围。

但是网站翻译出来的正文毕竟不是非常准确，需要人工润色一下，建议一段一段复制在翻译框对照。一般鼠标放在单词上或者选中单词都会出来翻译。

不过这两种方法还是不够完善，有时候会不够准确，因此推荐找正规专业的翻译公司，像国际科学编辑就是一家不错的翻译公司，国际科学编辑是最早在中国开展语言编辑服务并提供本地化支持的国际公司。20年来成功的为众多中国科技工作者发表论文提供语言支持。国际科学编辑拥有200位全职编辑，500名位兼职编辑，每篇文章润色都必须经过2轮润色和校对，确保语言没有问题。

3.毕业论文外文翻译英语原文去哪里找

以下是些英语论文，你可以参考下：）~~ 英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文或：） /education/reference/papers/ 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] /article_show.asp?articleid=1398 教育论文网：）很多的 /lw/list3-1.htm 英语论文：） /lw/list3-1.htm。

4.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找

香港科技大学图书馆Dspace / FreeFullText.com提供7000多种学术期刊的免费全文获取。 Open J-Gate 开放获取期刊门户 / 提供基于开放获取的近 4000 种期刊的免费检索和全文链接，包含学校、研究机构和行业期刊，其中超过 1500 种学术期刊经过同行评议（ Peer-Reviewed ） PMC(PubMed Centeral) / 社会科学（经济类）研究论文数据库，部分提供全文。

Max Planck Society http://www.livingreviews.org 德国马普学会，该学会创办了3种开放存取杂。

5.论文摘要英文翻译去哪里

写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。

介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如： Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text. 叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如： This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures. 叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如： Our text achieved the possibility above.。

毕业论文中英文翻译在哪找