毕业论文英文文献必须是外国人写的吗

毕业论文英文文献写在哪里找(论文的外文参考文献从哪里找呢)

1.论文的外文参考文献从哪里找呢

在中国期刊网或：） /education/reference/papers/ 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] /Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1398 教育论文网：）很多的 /lw/list3-1.htm 英语论文：） /lw/list3-1.htm。

5.本科毕业外文翻译的外文文献在哪找呢

去你们学校网站上进入图书馆的主页，里面找到知网的入口，在里面搜索跟你做的毕业设计相关的关键词，搜索硕士博士论文，下载下来，硕士博士论文的参考文献里引用有外文文献题目（入果想要没被翻译过的，就看文献的发表日期，发表日期越新就越不容易被人翻译过），然后看看你们学校图书馆有没有购买SCI、EI等外文数据库，有的话直接将刚才的外文文献题目复制到外文数据库里，搜索就可以下载了，如果没有购买外文数据库的话，那就试试百度、谷歌等网站上能不能搜到这个题目，或者找外校的同学求助。

毕业论文英文文献写在哪里找

java毕业论文英文文献

1.求四篇关于java的外国文献,用到毕设里的参考文献的

您好，java的外文文献原文

你附得的是基本要求。

既然写就得按要求给出处理。

Now, the grievance that Gosling was airing was that he felt that this company would take technology from other companies and suborn it for their own purposes. But guess what? The shoe is on the other foot here. The Java community did not invent the idea of designing pages as a mixture of static HTML and dynamic code marked with special tags. For example, Cold Fusion did it years earlier. Even ASP (a product from the very software company of the aforementioned manager) popularized this approach before JSP came along and decided to jump on the bandwagon. In fact, JSP not only adopted the general idea, it even used many of the same special tags as ASP did. The JSP is an establishment at the model of Java servlets on of the expression layer technique, it makes the plait write the HTML to become more simple.Be like the SSJS, it also allows you carry the

static state HTML contents and servers the script mix to put together the born dynamic state exportation. JSP the script language that the Java is the tacit approval, however, be like the ASP and can use other languages( such as JavaScript and VBScript), the norm of JSP also allows to use other

languages.

2.有关java方面的英文参考文献

原发布者：唐糖糖

java英文参考文献篇一：外文参考文献译文及原文本科毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献译文及原文学院_____计算机学院______ 专业___计算机科学与技术___ 年级班别____2009级（1）班__ 学号学生姓名_______________ 指导教师______________ 2013年5月目录译文：前言。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。..1 第一章微软.NET平台的介绍。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。.3 1.1简介。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。..3 1.1.1.NET平台简介。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。3 1.1.2微软的.NET和WINDOWS的基因。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。..4 1.1.3微软.NET体系结构。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。.4 1.1.4.NET平台的特点。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。..4 1.1.5多

3.谁有关于java三大框架有关的近五年的外文文献,帮忙推荐几个,我

童鞋你好！

这个估计需要自己搜索了！

网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！

我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：

----------------------------------------------------------

❶ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2

❷Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)

❸EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会

❹ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会

❺Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库

❻Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书

❼ProQuest学位论文全文数据库

❽国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库

❾推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2

-----------------------------------------------------------

中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。

弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！

学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！

外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！

所以，很容易过去的！

祝你好运！

4.求一篇关于JAVA或者JMF的英文文献

//英文原文自己找一下把Java媒体架构（JMF）Java媒体架构（JMF）是一个令人激动的通用的API，它允许Java开发者用许多不同的方法处理媒体。

本指南主要通过使用工作的例子提供一个JMF的一些主要的特征的概述。阅读完本指南后，你将会明白JMF体系结构中的主要播放功能。

你同样能正确的使用JMF，使用现存的例子和可为更多特殊功能扩展的源代码。本指南包含着以下主题：· 下载和安装JMF· 主要的JMF类以及它们在JMF体系结构中的应用· 播放本地的媒体文件· 为媒体的存取和操作制作以和图形用户界面（GUI）· 通过网络传播媒体· 通过网络接收媒体几乎所有的媒体类型的操作和处理都可以通过JMF来实现。

全面的讨论JMF所提供的所有特征已经超过了本指南的范围，我们将使用三个简单的媒体应用程序来学习此框架的构建模块。通过这个方法，本指南将为你未来学习和实施更多特殊的应用提供准备。

我应该使用此指南吗？本指南会带你学习使用JMF工作的基础。为完成这些，我们会创建三个的独立工作的例程序。

每个例子都会建立前一个例子的基础上，显示JMF功能性的不同方面。在本指南中的例子假定你曾经使用过并且已经熟悉了Java程序语言。

除了Java核心和JMF的类之外，我们会使用一些Java AWT和Swing类（用于创建GUI），也会有一些Java网络类（用于在网络中传输媒体）。对GUI和网络类一些熟悉有助于你更快的明白观点和这里的例子，但并非是阅读本指南必须的。

我们将学习的例程序如下· 一个简单的音频播放器（JMF的HelloWorld应用）：这个字符界面的播放器通过在命令行中简单的输入媒体文件的名字就可以播放大多数的音频类型。此音频播放器的演示大体上显示了JMF的特有的类。

· 一个图形界面的媒体播放器：我们将使用JMF内置的接口组件来建立图形界面，所以在此练习中必须有一些图形界面的编程经验。这个媒体阅览器演示使用了一些Java AWT和Swing类来为用户显示图形组件。

· 一个媒体广播应用：此应用程序允许一个本地媒体文件通过网络传播。此程序能灵活的使媒体只传输到指定的网络节点，或者传输到一个子网络中的所有节点。

此演示使用了一些Java的网络APIs来在网络中传输媒体。作为第三个练习的一部分，我们将修改图形界面的播放器，让其能接收并且播放媒体。

跳至23页观看Resources，文章，指南，和其他参考书目的列表，这会帮助你学习到更到关于此指南包括的主题。安装需求要运行此指南中的例程序，你需要如下的工具和组件：· Java 2 平台，标准版，编译和运行演示程序· Java媒体框架，版本2.1.1a或者更高· 一块已经安装并且配置号的适当的声卡· 一台或者多台测试机器· 演示的源代码文件在mediaplayer.jar中最后的一个演示应用显示了JMF在网络中的应用。

如果需要，此演示能运行在一个独立的机器上，使用此机器即是传输方也是接收方。可是要观察到在网络中使用JMF的所有功能，你仍然需要至少两台联网的机器。

在23页中的Resources可下载Java 2平台，完整的源代码文件，以及其他一些完成本指南所需要的工具。下载安装文件将JMF安装到你的计算机中的第一步是在JMF的主页中下载安装文件，它同样包括了JMF源代码和API文档的链接。

23页的Resources中有下载JMF的链接。目前，JMF有Windows, Solaris, Linux等版本，以及可运行在任何装有虚拟机的计算机上一个纯Java版本。

为了增加性能，你需要下载一个与你操作系统所适应的版本。任何在一个操作系统JMF版本下书写和编译的代码都可以方便的移植到另外的操作系统上。

例如，如果你下载了一个Solaris版本的JMF并且编译了一个类，这些类就可以在Linux上使用，不会有任何问题。作为选择，你可以选择下载纯Java版本，或者跨平台版本的JMF。

这些版本没有使用操作系统特有的库文件。如果没有合适的JMF版本适合的操作系统，那么跨平台版本就是一个不错的选择。

安装JMF下载完JMF安装程序后，双击安装程序的图标。大部分安装程序都会有个选项，安装本地库到系统目录中；例如，Windows版本安装程序会有一个选项“Move DLLs to Windows/System directory.”。

最好将此选项选中，因为它能确保这些操作系统的库文件能正确的安装在安装的过程中，你还需要选择项目来更新系统的CLASSPATH和PATH变量。如果这些选项被关闭，那么在你编译和运行本指南的例程序的时候就需要在classpath中引入JMF的jar文件。

关于作者Eric Olson在Retek Inc工作的软件工程师。它在Java平台上有四年的工作经验，并且在不同的基于Java的技术上富有经验，包括JMF, Jini, Jiro, JSP, servlets, and EJBs。

Eric毕业于St. Paul, MN的St. Thomas大学，获得计算机科学的学位。他在IBM的SanFrancisco项目组工作，负责WebSphere商业组件。

他同时再为Imation Corp.工作，负责存储应用。现在，他正在开发零售行业的基于web的软件解决方案。

再业余的时间，Eric和PaulMonday在Stereo Beacon上合作—一个分布式的点对点的基于JMF的媒体播放器。联系Eric zpalffy@yahoo.com.第二节. 一个简单的音频播放器浏览在本节。

5.我做的毕业设计是跟JAVA相关的题目,现在在做外文文献翻译,求教

你可以按下面注册监听器（楼主是做事件处理吧）：

1、会在网络内容（楼主使用的内容类）初始化、销毁时接到 ServletContextEvent 事件对象，即传入 ServletContextEvent 对象。

2、会在网络内容属性（楼主使用的内容类属性）添加、移除、替换时接到

事件对象，即传入对象。

楼主，这是非常基础的接口文档说明，不能不懂，还是把JAVA的基础结构，例如以上设计的事件处理机制好好熟悉，即使不懂以上内容，也可以类比图形事件处理。

6.关于java的英文文献,出版社是外国的

作者： Bruce Tate

出版社： Manning Publications

出版年： 2002-04

Effective Java Programming Language Guide

作者： Joshua Bloch

出版社： Addison-Wesley Professional

出版年： 05 June, 2001

Thinking in Java (3rd Edition)

作者： Bruce Eckel

出版社： Prentice Hall PTR

出版年： 2002-12-06

Effective Java: Second Edition

作者： Joshua Bloch

出版社： Addison-Wesley

出版年： 2008-05-28

Head First Java, 2nd Edition

作者： Kathy Sierra / Bert Bates / Sierra Kathy / Bates Bert

出版社： O'Reilly Media

出版年： 2005-02-09

7.急求毕业论文的外文翻译文献

去百度文库，查看完整内容>内容来自用户：秦园园毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级：学号：姓名：学院：软件学院专业：指导教师：2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者：Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。

8.毕业论文外文文献翻译

去百度文库，查看完整内容> 内容来自用户：秦园园毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级：学号：姓名：学院：软件学院专业：指导教师：2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者：Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。

9.J2EE参考文献,中英文对照,毕业论文用的

官全龙，姚国祥. 基于Struts的应用架构的研究[J]. 计算机工程与设计， 2005, 26(12): 3225-3227.

张桂元，贾燕枫. Struts开发入门与项目实践[M]. 人民邮电出版社， 2005 (9)

曾陈萍，李怀杰.“Analysis of Framework Based on J2EE of Realizing E - Commerce”〔J〕. 西昌学院学报（自然科学版）， no.3, pp 03-10, 2006

孙卫琴. 精通Struts：基于MVC的Java Web设计与开发.北京：电子工业出版社，2004.08

10.高分求J2EE英文文献

Maximize J2EE and database interoperability for performanceThe right APM tool can improve the interoperability between your application's J2EE and database tiersBy Robert Maness, JavaWorld.com, 02/28/05Things are not going well at Continental Flange. The corporate Website's performance has degraded to the point where frustrated customers are searching for other suppliers. The IT operations staff investigates and determines that a problem with the J2EE application is a major contributor to the poor response time. This puts immediate pressure on the J2EE development team to identify and resolve the problem.After some initial investigation, the J2EE development team determines that the problem isn't in the J2EE tier, but can be traced to the database. The database team responds with arguments that the problem really is, after all, in the J2EE tier. Blamesmanship escalates, team spirit evaporates, confusion prevails, and customers and revenue continue to disappear.This common scenario highlights a significant need: to support better interoperability between the J2EE and database tiers, IT departments need to be able to act more quickly and decisively.The basic challenge: Naming the culpritJ2EE developers are often forced to participate in the blame game when lagging response times drive Website users away. The applications programmers develop on the middle tier must interoperate with the database, and when a performance bottleneck appears, it may show up as a problem on the J2EE tier when the database is the underlying cause. The real problem is interoperability. How do you optimally tune integration between those two tiers to maximize your application's performance? More to the point, how can you view the bottlenecks, identify the real troublemakers, and deal with them as quickly as possible?Many APM (application performance management) tools are available to help identify and resolve performance bottlenecks. Two common approaches to finding bottlenecks in J2EE applications are: 1. You use a dashboard with colored alerts to monitor the status of your systems. Green means all is well; yellow or red means you have a performance problem to deal with. The dashboard can also report on response times from the different components of your application. 2. Instead of waiting for performance to deteriorate enough to trigger a dashboard alert, you take a proactive approach and try to identify excessive response times or excessive resource usage. You can do that by examining the top service requests (in terms of response time) and drill down to see what components they invoke.Let's say you're a bank. One of your checking account customers has gone to your Website to get an account summary covering the last seven days. That customer clicks the Get Account Summary link.Get Account Summary starts by invoking a specific URL through the Web browser. Underneath, of course, it invokes many components that interact to provide the right output. In your search for bottlenecks, you start from the top invocations (in many cases, that would be a servlet's doGet() or doPost() method) and traverse the invocation tree to look at all the components invoked to service Get Account Summary, and then the components that they invoked, and so on, down to the lowest level, which, in many cases, would be the SQL call to the database using JDBC (Java Database Connectivity).希望采纳^_^。

java毕业论文英文文献

matla毕业论文英文文献

1.求基于MATLAB的数字图像处理的研究外文文献和翻译啊

吗，诶有爱我的我本设计是根据数字图像处理的相关知识及MTALAB软件的使用方法并综合运用MATLAB工具箱实现图像处理的GUI程序设计，该界面能够对图像进行读取、加噪、滤波，读取特征保存等。

Matlab允许用户自己开发算法，并且将其封装起来，不断扩展到工具箱函数中。其中包括内置的图像用户界面开发工具，可视化调试器以及算法性能调试器等。

此外还可以在支持Matlab的平台上共享用户所开发的算法，并将算法同已有的C代码结合在一起，完成算法的发布工作。除此之外，Matlab还可以将用户开发的GUI，图像处理算法等应用程序发布为C或C++源代码，进而编译成COM组件活着Java接口，将Matlab开发的算法统其他开发工具结合起来。

利用MATLAB图像处理工具箱，通过编写程序设计出一GUI界面，里面包含菜单和图像显示框，再通过M语言的函数调用，和必要的编程，实现图像的变换，如锐化，排列，裁剪，尺寸变换等。本次设计的内容主要包括图像增强，图像复原，及一些拉伸尺度变换等。

主要处理的图片类别有：BMP ,TIFF ,GIF ,JPEG ,TGA ,PCX. 将图像经过采样，量化，空间和灰度级分辨率进行处理。MATLAB用到的很多函数是针对二维数据的，而RGB图像的数据是一个三维矩阵，所以处理要与灰度图像不同，可以把三维数据进行降维处理，同样使用二维的函数，只要是同样处理三次。

比如，彩色图像的滤波处理，直方图均衡等。

2.本科毕业论文需要的外文文献去哪查

英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文或：） /education/reference/papers/ 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] /Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1398 教育论文网：）很多的 /lw/list3-1.htm 英语论文：） /lw/list3-1.htm UMI外文博硕论文库Springer外文期刊EBSCO外文期刊OCLC NetLibrary图书SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载万方外文传递系统西文期刊目次数据库（CCC）两种外刊在线美国石油工程师学会（SPE）会议论文 cnpLINKer（中图链接服务） Socolar（教图链接服务）以上网站也可以找到，只是收费的.。

3.写本科毕业论文要写外文文献,急

英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文

英语论文类文章1001篇，里面有很多的：）~

英文的毕业论文

或：）

英语毕业论文[1829]

毕业论文的引文[208]

毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]

毕业论文的评价[83]

教育论文网：）很多的

英语论文：）

UMI外文博硕论文库

Springer外文期刊

EBSCO外文期刊

OCLC NetLibrary图书

SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载

万方外文传递系统

西文期刊目次数据库（CCC）

两种外刊在线

美国石油工程师学会（SPE）会议论文

cnpLINKer（中图链接服务）

Socolar（教图链接服务）

以上网站也可以找到，只是收费的.

答案补充

你自己一点也不出力啊？自己找！！！

4.毕业论文的外文文献及翻译怎么弄

参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中. 外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品，原件。即作者所写作品所用的语言。

如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本。

这个中文版本就称为译文回答者： xffjy - 见习魔法师三级 10-22 11:52。

matla毕业论文英文文献

ios毕业论文英文文献

1.英文文献格式

[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧，是他们的成就的表现。

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。

呵呵你看看，对你有帮助：毕业论文参考文献规范格式一、参考文献的类型参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983:1-7.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院， 1997:9-10.7.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

2.【急求

Role of Enterprise Strategy Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. Strategy should be a stretch exercise, not a fit exercise. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. Strategy is the way in which a company orients itself towards the market in which it operates and towards the other companies in the marketplace against which it competes. It is a plan an organization formulates to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition. The central strategic issue: why different companies, facing the same environment, perform differently. Strategy answers the following questions: what are the sources of the company's sustainable competitive advantage? how a company will position itself against competition in the market over the long run to secure a sustainable competitive advantage? what are the key strategic priorities? Strategy is an agreed-on guide to action that should lead business to success in the marketplace by satisfying customer needs better than the competition does. Strategy formulation is the major task for the company entrepreneur and CEO, but it is the task of middle managers and project managers to carry this strategy out and turn it into results. Strategic Leadership As a strategic leader your prime responsibility is to ensure that your organization is going in the right direction. To be able to identify the right strategy and pursue it to the desired result, you need to master two important functions: strategic thinking and strategic planning. Ten Major Schools of Strategic Management Ten deeply embedded, though quite narrow, concepts typically dominate current thinking on strategy. These range from the early Design and Planning schools to the more recent Learning, Cultural and Environmental Schools8 New Approaches to Strategy Formulation The currently dominant view of strategy is the resource-based theory. Traditional strategy models, such as Michael Porter's five forces model, focus on the company's external competitive environment. Most of them do not attempt to look inside the company. In contrast, the resource-based perspective highlights the need for a fit between the external market context in which a company operates and its internal capabilities. According to this view, a company's competitive advantage derives from its ability to assemble and exploit an appropriate combination of resources. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by continuously developing existing and creating new resources and capabilities in response to rapidly changing market conditions. In relation to the 10 traditional approaches, today, strategy formulation should also be a combination of them - judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it should be about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to involve individual cognition and social interaction, co-operative as well as conflictive; it must include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during; and all of this must be in response to what can be a demanding environment.8 Blue Ocean Strategy: 6 Principles Blue ocean strategy is about revolutionary value innovation. The six principles drive the successful formulation and execution of Blue Ocean Strategy. These principles attenuate the six risks。

More Balanced Organization: 5 Basic Elements Empowered Employees (Metal): Building Your Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is the prolonged benefit of implementing some unique value-creating strategy based on unique combination of internal organizational resources and capabilities that cannot be replicated by competitors。 More SWOT Analysis: Questions To Answer What is your strongest business asset? What unique resources do you have? What do you offer that makes you stand out from the rest?。

More Your Strategic Intent Strategic intent is a high-level statement of the means by which your organization will achieve its vision. It is a core component of your dynamic strategy. Strategic intent cannot be planned all in advance. It must evolve on the basis of experience during its implementation。 More Market Leadership Strategies The market leader is dominant in its industry and has substantial market share. If you want to lead the market, you must be the industry leader in developing new business models and new products or services. You must be on the 。

3.毕业论文的外文文献及翻译怎么弄

原文就是指原作品，原件。即作者所写作品所用的语言。

如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本。

这个中文版本就称为译文回答者： xffjy - 见习魔法师三级 10-22 11:52。

4.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。

扩展资料：

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。

7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文

5.求毕业论文的英文文献

如需全文，请发邮箱过来Electronic trading platforms and the cost-effective distribution of open market option (OMO) pension annuities AbstractOver the next years, the ageing profile of the UK population will lead to a sharp increase in the volumes of pension annuity sales. Every individual that participates in a defined contribution occupational or a personal pension scheme is obliged to convert the capital accumulated into a regular post-retirement income by purchasing an annuity before the age of 75. To ensure a more competitive market the UK Financial Services Authority has ruled that from 1 September 2002 pensioners must be informed that they have the right to purchase their annuities from suppliers other than their current pension provider—this is termed exercising an open market option (OMO).However, the complicated nature of pensions and annuities means the purchase of an annuity is highly dependent upon the information provided by the sellers of these products and the advice received. Given that OMO's are supposed to encourage purchasers to be able to access information on a whole range of annuities from the various suppliers in the market, a single web-based hub that linked manufacturers, distributors and existing industry portals seemed the obvious solution to the challenges facing the industry following the government legislation. However, while the industry recognised that a single product purchasing and servicing system would meet the data management needs of all its stakeholders and carry enormous potential to realise cost and business process efficiencies, the competitive nature of the industry and the slow decision making processes within the individual companies has meant that the project to build 'The Annuity Exchange' has suffered a number of setbacks and delays.This article describes the business case for 'The Annuity Exchange', its objectives and design, and the technical/industry engagement issues it has faced.Keywords: E-commerce; Financial services; Pension annuitiesArticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background: the UK pensions system and the regulatory structure of advice2.1. Recent trends in the UK pensions system2.2. The changing structure of advice3. Previous information management strategies and their shortcomings4. An industry-wide dynamic quotations model4.1. Access to the intermediary portal4.2. Costs and benefits of The Annuity Exchange4.3. Issues with The Annuity Exchange project5. 。

6.【急求

ios毕业论文英文文献

计算机毕业论文英文文献

1.计算机专业英语论文参考文献

参考文献：

[1]中华人民共和国教育部.英语课程标准（实验稿）.北京师范大学出版社，2001版

[2]黄远振.新课程英语教与学[m] .福建教育出版社，2003.119~139

[3]林崇德.英语教育心理学[m] .北京教育出版社，2001.149~152

[4]李庭乡.英语教学法[m] .高等教育出版社，1986.95~98

好感动哦，找半天终于找到了，这个对我来说真的好难，不知道对不对哦，希望能对你有帮助。哈哈

2.求计算机英文文献及翻译

去百度文库，查看完整内容> 内容来自用户：tigfory NET- Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey D.Ullman, Jennifer WisdomABSTRACTIn net-based collaborative design environment, design resources become more and more varied and complex.Besides common information management systems, design resources can be organized in connection with design activities.A set of activities and resources linked by logic relations can form a task. A task has at least one objective and can be broken down into smaller ones.So a design project can be separated into many subtasks forming a hierarchical structure.Task Management System (TMS)is designed to break down these tasks and assign certain resources to its task nodes.As a result of decomposition.al1 design resources and activities could be managed via this system.KEYWORDS:CollaborativeDesign, TaskManagementSystem (TMS), TaskDecomposition, with the rapid upgrade of request for advanced design methods, more and more design tool appeared to support new design methods and forms.Design in a web environment with multi-partners being involved requires a more powerful and efficient management system .Design partners can。

3.毕业设计需要英文参考文献

设计标题：企业人力资源管理系统备注：源码+执行程序+论文论文简介 AbstractAlong with the global information development, the enterprise information construction also catches up with the time the step .The human resources management system management system essential target is supports the enterprise the personnel management and business processes services labor intensity, the auxiliary business management, assists the high-level leadership decision-making, enhances the enterprise the working efficiency, thus enables the enterprise to obtain the better social efficiency and the economic efficiency by the few investments, looks like the human affairs system, the checking attendance management system management system and so on belongs to the human resources management system management system category .It is the unit realizes the modernization foundation engineering, is enhances the unit the management level, the service operating efficiency and the grade of service essential method .How therefore many programmers all possibly do face develop a set of quite perfect human resources management system management system the question.Along with the computer technology rapid development, the computer in the business management the application popularization, uses the computer realization enterprise human affairs wages imperative the management .This system union company actual human affairs, the financial system, pass through the actual demand analysis, uses function formidable Visual Basic6.0 makes the human resources management system management system which develops for the development kit.The overall system from conforms to the operation easily, the contact surface friendly, nimble, practical, the safe request embarks, completes the human affairs, the human resources management entire process, joined including recently the staff when the dossier establishment, the staff exited, the position and so on the change cause staff personnel management work and so on information revision, staff information inquiry, statistics as well as recently staff human resources supervisory work and so on wages addition, information revision .After the actual use proof, the human affairs human resources management system management system which this article designs may satisfy the company human affairs, the human resources management aspect need.The paper mainly introduced this topic development background, must complete function and development process .Key explanation system design key point, design concept, difficult technology and solutionKey Words: DataBase , Visual Basic 6.0, HumanResource Management System目录摘要 2Abstract 3第一章绪论 51.1 课题来源 51.2 开发工具的选择 6第二章系统概述 102.1 编写目的 102.2 系统功能概述 112.3 Access 概述 12第三章系统分析 133.1. 系统需求分析 133.1.1. 功能需求 133.1.2. 数据需求 143.1.3. 运行环境 143.2. 数据流程分析 153.2.1. 数据流程图 153.2.2. 数据E-R图 163.3. 系统功能模块分析 173.4. 用户需求分析 18第四章系统设计 194.1. 软件模块结构设计 194.2. 数据库设计 21第五章系统实现 255.1. 系统用户管理模块 255.2. 基础数据维护模块 285.3. 员工档案管理模块 295.4. 绩效考勤管理模块 335.5. 工资管理模块 375.6. 权限管理模块 425.7. 统计分析模块 485.8. 打印功能 49总结 51致谢 52参考文献（仅供参考） 53访问网站。

4.求一篇外文翻译啊,带英语原文的,关于计算机的,3000字

You've probably been sick before. It's not fun.In many cases, like the flu, you're sick because of a virus…tiny germs ready to multiply and spread from person-to-person, via handshakes or sneezes。

你肯定生过病吧，很不爽，对吗？生病通常是因为感染了病毒。握手、打喷嚏都能让病毒繁殖传播。

Computer viruses are no different.Instead of germs, they are computer programs.These programs are usually designed by criminals to multiply and spread from computer-to-computer like a disease.If one makes it to your computer, it can erase your files, send emails without your permission or even communicate sensitive info to criminals。电脑病毒亦然。

但不是微生物而是电脑程序。黑客设计的病毒程序会像疾病一样在电脑间传播一旦电脑感染了病毒，它会删除文件、私发邮件、甚至把私人信息泄露给犯罪分子。

Let's take a closer look, because what we call computer viruses can actually be Viruses, worms or trojanswe'll start with viruses.These bugs hitch a ride when something, like a file, is shared between computers. This often happens via attachments sent in email or shared USB drives.Once someone clicks to open the file, the damage is done.The virus is now on that computer, where it starts to multiply and look for chances to hitch a ride to a new computer。电脑病毒可以细分为三种，普通病毒、蠕虫、木马先来说说普通病毒。

它通过电脑之间的文件共享来传播。通常会在附件或U盘中出现，一打开这种文件，电脑就会中毒。

然后复制，等着感染下一台电脑。 Like a sick human, it's sometimes hard to to tell when a file has a virus.For this reason, the best defense is anti-virus software.It prevents viruses from getting to your computer and removes them when they are found。

和人生病一样，有时候文件是否感染病毒也很难”确诊”。所以，最好的防护措施就是安装杀毒软件能防止电脑中毒，也能在发现病毒时及时清除。

Now, worms are a little scarier.They are programs that spread to computers without humans doing anything.Criminals create worms to spread via computers that are connected in a network. They worm their way from computer-to-computer automatically.Whether it's a small office or a global network like the Internet。蠕虫则更可怕，即使我们什么也没操作，它也能传播。

只有电脑联网，蠕虫就会感染网上的病毒。不管是局域网，还是在整个互联网中。

Usually, the worms find a back door.a way to trick the computer's software into letting them in.Once they're in, they look for the same backdoor in similar computers,wreaking havoc along the way。蠕虫擅长走”后门”。

就是通过电脑软件的漏洞入侵。一旦被感染，蠕虫还会寻找其他电脑的”后门”，一路披荆斩棘地破坏下去。

The best defense is keeping your computer software up to date at work and home.This helps close the doors and prevent problems。最好的防护措施是，更新系统、修复漏洞，门关好了，蠕虫就爬不进来了。

Trojans, our last example, are sneaky bugs.Like the real trojan horse, they're a trick.If you fall for it, you end up downloading a virus from the Internet.It may appear to be a game or useful software, but hidden inside is a program that can cause problems.For example, these programs can open new backdoors,giving criminals access to your computer and information over the Web。木马则是最最阴险狡诈的病毒。

像传说中的特洛伊木马，它也善用诡计，一个不小心就可能从网上下载木马。木马病毒会伪装成游戏或者常用软件，有些木马还会给电脑开新的”后门”，让犯罪分子轻易侵入你的电脑获取信息。

Not fun.To avoid trojans, only download software from sites you trust.Just like washing your hands and covering your cough,you have to be aware of what causes problems to avoid them。可怕吧？要防木马，你必须只在信任的网站上下载软件，提高警惕，时刻注意网络安全，就像咳嗽要掩口，饭前便后要洗手一样。

Keep your computer up to date and get anti-virus software.It will help prevent problems and help you recover.And please…don't click on links, attachments and downloadable files.unless you know they're legit。还要经常更新电脑软件，安装杀毒工具。

一边防患于未然，一边“亡羊补牢”。另外，陌生的链接、附件、文件也不要碰。

除非能确认它们的安全性。 Through a little awareness, you and your computer will stay happy and healthy。

5.求有关计算机方面的英语论文.带翻译

ASP 个人网站（毕业设计+论文）

（专业且庞大的的毕业设计论文技术人员，超大数量的毕业论文范文，专业代做毕业设计，代写毕业论文，彻底帮您解决毕业设计的难题，专业毕业设计网原创发布最新发布）

摘要：计算机技术的发展，特别是网络技术的飞速发展，给文档的保存和管理提供极大的方便。本论文中，将软件工程的基本原理和方法应用到整个系统，并对其进行需求分析，提出了解决问题的具体方法。在具体制作中，用ASP技术来实现B/S系统，ASP技术与数据库技术结合，用户在浏览器端可以随意查询自己需要的标本，而数据的后台操作则由服务器端处理。这样提高了网页的互动性，使整个系统能更好的为用户服务。

关键词：软件工程 ASP 动态网页

The Digitization of Southwest Forestry College's Sample Room

—The Construction of Dynamic Websites

Chen Hai

(Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China)

Abstract:With the rapidly developing of computer technology, especially in the network, the storage and management of file is more convenient. In this paper, the basic theory and the method of the soft project were used in the whole system, and basing on the analysis of the system's demand, the measure was brought forward. In the building of the network, ASP technology was used to realize B/S system. Because of the integrity of ASP technology and Database technology the users can inquire about the specimen they need freely with the disposal of data by the server. In this way ,the inter dynamic of the webpage was improved and the whole system could server the users better..

Key words:Soft Project; ASP; Dynamic Webpage

详细出处参考：

6.计算机网络工程毕业设计,需要计算机方面的英文文献及翻译,5000

可加我“扣扣”细谈，扣扣号码见我的ID附件2：外文原文The History of the InternetThe Beginning - ARPAnetThe Internet started as a project by the US government. The object of the project was to create a means of communications between long distance points, in the event of a nation wide emergency or, more specifically, nuclear war. The project was called ARPAnet, and it is what the Internet started as. Funded specifically for military communication, the engineers responsible for ARPANet had no idea of the possibilities of an "Internet." By definition, an 'Internet' is four or more computers connected by a network. ARPAnet achieved its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP. The basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failed to get through on one route, it would find another route to work with, as well as establishing a means for one computer to "talk" to another computer, regardless of whether it was a PC or a Macintosh. By the 80's ARPAnet, just years away from becoming the more well known Internet, had 200 computers. The Defense Department, satisfied with ARPAnets results, decided to fully adopt it into service, and connected many military computers and resources into the network. ARPAnet then had 562 computers on its network. By the year 1984, it had over 1000 computers on its network. In 1986 ARPAnet (supposedly) shut down, but only the organization shutdown, and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000computers. It shut down due to a failied link up with NSF, who wanted toconnect its 5 countywide super computers into ARPAnet. With the funding of NSF, new high speed lines were successfully installedat line speeds of 56k (a normal modem nowadays) through telephone linesin 1988. By that time, there were 28,174 computers on the (by then decided) Internet. In 1989 there were 80,000 computers on it. By 1989, there were 290,000. Another network was built to support the incredible number of peoplejoining. It was constructed in 1992. Today - The InternetToday, the Internet has become one of the most important technological advancements in the history of humanity. Everyone wants to get 'on line' to experience the wealth of information of the Internet. Millions of people now use the Internet, and it's predicted that by the year 2003 every single person on the planet will have Internet access. The Internet ha起源——ARPAnetInternet是被美国政府作为一项工程进行开发的。

这项工程的目的，是为了建立远距离之间点与点的通信，以便处理国家军事范围内的紧急事件，例如核战争。这项工程被命名为ARPAnet，它就是Internet的前身。

建立此工程的主要应用对象就是军事通讯，那些负责ARPAnet的工程师们当时也没有想到它将成为“Internet”。根据定义，一个“Internet”应该由四或者更多的计算机连接起来的网络。

ARPAnet是通过一种叫TCP/IP的协议实现连网工作的。此协议最基础的工作原理是：如果信息在网络中的一条路径发送失败，那么它将找到其他路径进行发送，就好象建立一种语言以便一台计算机与其他计算机“交谈”一样，但不注意它是PC，或是Macintosh。

到了20世纪80年代，ARPAnet已经开始变成目前更为有名的Internet了，它拥有200台在线主机。国防部很满意ARPAnets的成果，于是决定全力将它培养为能够联系很多军事主机，资源共享的服务网络。

到了1984年，它就已经超过1000台主机在线了。在1986年ARPAnet关闭了，但仅仅是建立它的机构关闭了，而网络继续存在与超过1000台的主机之间。

由于使用NSF连接失败，ARPAnet才被关闭。NSF是将5个国家范围内的超级计算机连入ARPAnet。

随着NSF的建立，新的高速的传输介质被成功的使用，在1988年，用户能通过56k的电话线上网。在那个时候有28,174台主机连入Internet。

到了1989年有80,000台主机连入Internet。到1989年末，就有290,000台主机连入了。

另外还有其他网络被建立，并支持用户以惊人的数量接入。于1992年正式建立。

现状——Internet如今，Internet已经成为人类历史上最先进技术的一种。每个人都想“上网”去体验一下Internet中的信息财富。

成千上百的人都用Internet。预计，到了2003年世界上的每个人，都将拥有Internet接入。

Internet已经真正成为我们这个年代生活的一部分。由于计算机技术和网络技术每天都在改变，我们很难想象Internet下一步将发展成什么样子。

工作原理：现在，人们用Internet是一件很平常的事。他们通过Internet进行购物、玩游戏、聊天等娱乐活动。

Internet不仅仅是一件事物。Internet也会崩溃。

它的工作原理如同电话通信系统，只不过没有专门的Internet公司来经营Internet。Internet是成千上万台计算机互相连接的集合。

Internet就像是办公网络一样，不同的是，它有成千上万台计算机相连接。其中最主要的是Internet。

7.求计算机毕业论文要求的外文翻译

原发布者：ww83428601

毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、黑体字、居中打印；2.正文：采用小四号、宋体字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文：采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注：五号，TimesNewRoman，顺序为作者.题目.出处，五、封面格式由学校统一制作（注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目，封面中文小四号宋体，英文小四号TimesNewRoman），六、装订：左侧均匀装订，上下共两个钉，并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月

8.需要对有关计算机专业的外文文献进行翻译,字数大概在中文五千字

童鞋你好！

这个估计需要自己搜索了！

网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！

我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：

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⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2

⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)

⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会

⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会

⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库

⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书

⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库

⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库

⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2

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中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。

弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！

学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！

外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！

所以，很容易过去的！

祝你好运！

9.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗

这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。

翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。扩展资料：外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。

6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文。

计算机毕业论文英文文献