英语毕业论文任务书范本

毕业论文范本商业英语(商务英语的毕业论文)

1.商务英语的毕业论文

浅析违反方式原则在商务英语中的运用*摘 要:由于商务英语的特殊运用场合和特殊用途,其句法结构有其自身鲜明的特点。

美国哲学家Grice提出的会话准则之一的方式准则,即用结构严谨,简练的语言来表达,但是在商务英语中却存在有一些看似违反这一准则的用语的使用。本文便是从这两点看似矛盾的地方着手考虑违反方式原则在商务英语中的语用分析。

关键词:商务英语;方式原则;模糊化;语用功能 引 言随着国际贸易的飞速发展,国际商务活动已经成为各国商务经济的主体内容。作为国际商务交际中的语言载体,商务英语的使用变得越来越广泛,表达的正确与否在商务交际中起着举足轻重的作用,而语言表达质量也逐渐显得重要。

商务英语被运用到商务活动的各个领域当中,从经济贸易活动到商务函件等文本书写,商务英语用语要求精准、严谨。很多传统语言学家指出在语言交际活动中要求说话人语言清楚准确,但是从商务英语交际实例中笔者总结发现在很多商务活动中,某一方为了达到目的,语言的表达却使用得含蓄模糊。

从表面上看这与传统语用原则存在着矛盾。本文将从Grice提出的会话准则之一的方式准则出发,探讨这看似矛盾的二者在商务英语中的具体体现。

一、方式原则美国哲学家保罗·格赖斯(Grice)在20世纪60年代后期提出了会话合作原则(Cooperative Principle),旨在解释会话含义。他提出自然语言有其独特的逻辑关系。

会话的最高原则是合作,称为合作原则。该原则由四条准则组成———数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则(LogicandConversation 1975)。

格赖斯认为在所有的语言交际活动中,说话人和听话人之间存在一种默契,一种双方都应遵守的原则。具体说就是每个参加交谈者在整个交谈过程中所说的话符合这一次交谈的目标或方向。

方式准则要求说话人应避免晦涩的词语,避免歧义,说话要简要(避免赘述) ,要有条理。虽然会话参与者几乎总是遵守合作原则的,但并非严格遵守。

由于种种原因,这些原则经常被违反,而对合作原则的违反则导致产生格赖斯所说的“会话含义”。也就是说,对任何一种合作原则的违反,都会使语言变得间接。

当说话人公然不遵循某一条准则,即说话人知道自己违反了一条准则,同时还想让听话人知道他违反了一条准则,这时就会产生会话含义。而在商务英语中,由于商务活动具有较强的交际目的以及特定的交际对象,商务用语中往往会出现一些看似模糊,表意并不是很清楚的语言表达。

表面上看这些语言表达违反了方式准则,但是却恰恰符合商务英语的一般特征。二、商务英语的一般特征英语作为商务交际,包括口头和书面表达的基本介质,从其表达方式上看它既具备英语表达的一般特征,也具备其自身的特点:用语专业准确化,用语得体简洁化,用语礼貌化。

1.用语专业准确化商务英语相对于普通英语来说,在词汇上有其最大特点,即要求专业词汇的准确使用。而这些极具商业意义的词汇不论从意义还是用法上都与普通英语有着很大的区别。

例如:一些缩略词EXW=ExWorks(工厂交货价), 4P代表produc,tprice, place, promotion,FAQ= FairAverage Quality (中等品、大陆货)。又如“duplicate/photocopy of original certificate oChina originGSP fromA issued by competentauthority.”(有官方机构出具的GSP产地证正本一式两份或正本影印件)中,常会有一些企业会将“duplicate”和“copy”的意思混为一谈,都认为表示副本。

而在此时“duplicate”并不能简单理解为“copy”。“duplicate”译为复制的或两份(可为一正一副),但其本身并不等于“copy”(副本)。

2.用语得体简洁化商务英语作为一种有特定使用场合的交际语言,使用者要求这些语言具有高效性,能在尽量简短的话语中表达所需要的信息。对于商务人员来说,时间是宝贵的资源。

针对这样的特殊使用人群,语言表意需要清楚明晰,因此语言简洁避免冗繁和矫饰使之成为商务英语的一个重要特点。同时交易语言得体还可以为会话双方留下良好印象而打下基础,这对商务人员来说也是极其重要的。

同时,商务用语的得体简洁化还体现在用语的朴实上,尽量避免使用陈旧过时的商业术语和套话。任何事情都需要适可而止,用语使用过分礼貌,显得做作。

并且对于大多数将英语作为第二语言使用的人来说,过于陈旧的语言在一定程度上还影响了对会话意思的理解。例如,We are inreceipt of…(兹收到)→We have received…We beg (have) to acknowledge (兹收到)→Thank you for…Adverting to your favour (感谢贵方的来函)→Thankyou for your letter.Please be advised that…(兹通知贵方)→(omitted)Expressmy heartfelt gratitude to you for (衷心感谢)→Thank you for…试比较下列两句:(1)Please be advised thatwe have received yourL/C.兹通知贵方,信用证已收到。

(2)Your invoiceNo. 248 has been received.贵方信用证已收到。比较这两个句子,很明显, (1)句使用陈旧的商业术语,句子显得做作复杂,相对而言(2)句简洁明了,直抒主题,适合用于商业这样的特定场合。

3.用语礼貌化礼貌是人类文。

英语毕业论文任务书范本,财经类毕业论文范本,理科毕业论文范本

2.商务职院,商务英语专业的毕业设计怎么写

首先,论文写作目的: 论文是在商务英语教学节目的最后一个环节,还要检查学生两年半的时间里,每学期课程的学习成果。

其主要目的是: 1,学生的英语阅读,写作和运用商业知识分析问题和解决问题的能力,学以致用,以达到目的。 2,检查的专业知识学生掌握学习的基本技能和成就,作为是否研究生论文的主要依据之一。

3,培养学生搜集有关使用技能的信息,而学生理论联系实际,增强独立思考和解决问题的能力。 二,征文要求: 1,英语/中国完成论文写作。

2,要求不少于3000字的字或词,一张A4(210X297MM)单面打印页的复印纸的统一应用。凡边距2.8厘米,从2.5厘米以下,左边距2.5厘米,右页边距2.5厘米,1.5厘米阴沟页脚页眉1.6厘米0.5厘米。

字间距为标准,行间距为1.25倍行距。头内的统一:使用5号宋体 3,该文件的内容应与知识和专业技能的需要相结合,需要一定量的讨论,共读英语和中国的数据,可所有的数据是合理的剪裁,整理和编辑,硕士论文的写作结构和布局。

语言流畅性的要求,层次清晰,论点明确,论据充分。具有以下特点: 1)科学:该观点是正确的,充分的论据可靠,结构合理,学生可以对这个问题反映掌握其知识体系的程度有一个更深入的了解问题很了解 2)实用性:主题应具有的现实意义和学术价值,分析应反映能力水平,以解决问题 3)逻辑:论证应强,层次要分明,逻辑要严密,结构应该是完整和合理 4)技术:它应该有使用收集到的材料的能力,语言要清晰,准确,格式应规范 4写作进度: 14年5月1日:学生与导师见面的主题和开放性问题 1 2月15日至3月25日学生写作,提交提纲,导师草案将根据第二修正案交叉的导师的导师草案完成报告的部门 3月31日之前完成 之前完成4月7日定稿,印刷和要求的约束。

打印自交系2份 4月号8 -413个月三份准备答辩,对原理的论文答辩中英文 2007年4月14日,使用英国国防 5原则:纸等级:运用5种评分系统,和一批优秀,良好,中等,及格和不及格,如其中五个一样优秀,良好等次,分别低于15 %,20%最终的结果必须由教师大专毕业论文指导小组进行评估认定 6:..特别提示: 论文写作是一件严肃的事情。其他论文严禁抄袭。

一经发现这篇论文的句子得分为0分。 三个主题方向: 1,商务英语教学改革的方向,方法,课程设置等 2,商务英语教学影响和意义,在新的形势; 3,中国的贸易和发展方向的现状 4,商务英语翻译技巧; 5,江西投资探索与对策 6。

WTO对中国的保护碰撞后; 4,方案设计和制定的论文:1,教师的帮助下,由指导书提供了根据报导,选择纸张方向,确定主题。 (注:选择其他的话题,与导师确定的协商) 2,搜索和我的论文题目相关的资料,文件,论文提纲的形式,要注意的试卷结构安排合理。

3,论文的结构包括:标题,摘要和关键词的英文,目录和文本。请参见以下附件 附件1:?系英语专业(高职)论文题目(商务英语专业) 1 。

“商务英语课程” 2。 “跨文化因素中国翻译对” 3。

“的特点和技能的商务英语翻译” 4。 “外贸商务英语函电角色” 5。

“华信在国际贸易中的地位” 6。 “商务英语函电翻译技巧” 7。

8“商务谈判中英语的重要性” 。“关于防范”出口外汇风险 9。

“中国的改革及其对退税制度的影响”br 10 br。 “翻译与品牌战略”br 11 br。

“外贸企业信用风险管理与控制” 12。“外资银行注册于2007年,以探索我们的地方” 13。

“中国利用国际贷款/国际援助形势分析“ 14。 “WTO与中国反倾销探索” 15。

br 16“中国对外直接投资的现状”。 “内陆外贸发展战略” 17。

/> 18“中国和印度和中国对外贸易战略分析” 商务英语”br 20 br。 “商业信函翻译技巧术语”br 21 br。

“在中国的外国直接投资,探索” 22。“迁移对中国式英语的社会和文化的影响” 23。

“的实施与研究”中国出口名牌战略 24。 /> 25“商务英语口语课程教学” 英语常用英语写作分析” 28。

“商务英语写作世贸组织研究” BR /> 29。 30“中的国际结算单一系统工作状态”。

“关税壁垒和非关税壁垒探索” 31。 “关于谈判中关注物质法案” 32。

“面临的国际电子商务发展的新问题。” 33 br 34 br“的关系商务英语写作教学商务英语写作错误”。

“期货市场上的地位,在清算”br 35 br。 br 36“在中国透析扩展模式跨国公司”。

“新词的英译翻译过程中碰到的一个问题” 37。翻译不对应(文化意义,风格意义,意修辞等) 意义38。

国市场经济地位,反倾销 39。如何防止信用卡欺诈 40。

在开拓国际市场的讨论中小企业 41。 “10 +1”自贸区未来展望 42。

中国新词汇翻译技巧 43。商务英语翻译的特点 44。

珠江三角洲和/> 45外贸

结构分析中资企业在广州/深圳等地区 47。对外贸企业在广州,存在的问题及解决方案等领域 48。

英语,范本,毕业论文,商业

3.求商务英语论文(英文论文)一篇

Derivatives, as financial instruments, have gained an increasingly important role to the financial status of big companies around the globe. Their importance can be primarily illustrated by the huge development of the derivatives exchange markets in the most developed countries, with banks usually being at the centre of trading of these powerful financial tools. The very essence of their importance lies to the fact that companies can use them to reduce uncertainty or risk that stems from entrepreneurial activities. Financial managers use derivatives to understand the risks that their firms are exposed to daily and thus are able to pursue higher returns, given the fact that higher returns impose higher risks. The management of high risks enables companies to reduce the danger of financial losses and in the same time achieve higher returns. The extended use of derivatives can also attribute further benefits to the financial position of firms by improving several other corporate actions like cheaper borrowing, tax planning and ensuring safer loan payback. However, derivatives' trading has been a cause for huge corporate losses for many companies, the financial management of which ignored the high risks involved in the use of those financial instruments. This essay will attempt to examine the ways in which companies can use derivatives to modify their financial position.A derivative (or derivative security) can be defined as a tradable asset whose intrinsic value depends on or derives from the value of an underlying asset (like shares or bonds), a commodity (like oil or gold) or an abstract measure (like interest rates or indexes). This dependency of the derivatives' value is the reason why they are also called contingent claims. This last definition of derivatives describes accurately their nature of being an exercisable right or obligation rather than a tradable good. This right or obligation is the exact legal contract that acquires value like a real asset, and therefore can be traded. People have implemented derivatives, as legal contracts, since ancient times, although their systematic use and trading began in the late nineteenth century. However, the past thirty years witnessed a massive growth in the volume of derivatives' trading. Nowadays, derivative markets account for a significant amount of the world financial exchange system, and their types and use keeps developing and adapting to the different financial needs of the various industries. Common types of derivatives are options, futures, forwards, forward rate agreements and swaps, while other less common types are caps, floors, exotic options, Over-The Counter (OTCs) and exchange-traded derivatives. A brief description of the most common derivatives is given below.An option is a contractual agreement that the gives the right and not the obligation in one party to buy or sell an underlying commodity or asset at a given price anytime during a pre-specified period of time. At the end of the pre-specified period this right can be exercised or not, according to the option's holder needs, thus the name of the derivative. If an option gives the buyer the right to purchase an asset (a number of shares for example) at a given price during a time period, this option is called call option. By the end of the period the right expires and after that date the option loses its value. On the contrary, if a similar contract gives the buyer the right to sell an asset (at an agreed price and up to a given date), it is then called put option. Call and Put options enable their holders to make profits, reducing the uncertainty of the future value of the underlying asset because they can be tradable at any time before the expiry date. If the underlying asset is a share index like FTSE 100, S&P 500 etc. then the purchased right is called index option.Futures are also contractual agreements between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specific time and a pre-specified price. However, a future represents an obligation, not a right, to proceed in the specific transaction, thus neither of the two parties can back away once the agreement is made (or the future is purchased). Thus a holder of a future buys the obligation of the other party and not the right, as in options. However, futures are tradable derivatives and are exchanged in a regulated market, like options. This characteristic allows their holders to change their position, according to the change of the underlying asset value through time before the date of the contracted transaction. However, they are very standardised and so they might not be very attractive to companies with specific financial needs. A future having as 。

4.急求英语论文

合同篇Contract 与 Agreement的有无区别 在英语中,合同一般称为Contract,协议一般称为Agreement。

何谓“Contract”? 1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为:A contact in t his Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is ,between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. 根据这一定义,合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。 Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违反承诺可以得到法律救助,某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。

L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给contract的定义:“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根据这一定义,合同就是有法律约束力的协议。 综合起来,有一个相同点,就是“Contract is an agreement”,即可将事同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者说成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”,也可以说:Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何谓“Agreement”?。

毕业论文范本商业英语

毕业论文任务书英语(跪求论文大纲任务书文献综述摘要在英语毕业论文工作安排时)

1.跪求 ” 论文大纲 任务书 文献综述 摘要“ 在英语毕业论文工作安排时

一、内容要求 毕业设计报告正文要求: (一)理、工科类专业毕业设计报告正文内容应包括:问题的提出;设计的指导思想;方案的选择和比较论证;根据任务书指出的内容和指标要求写出设计过程、课题所涉及元件结构和相关参数的设计计算,有关基本原理的说明与理论分析;给出所设计课题实际运行的数据或参数,并与理论设计参数进行比较和分析,说明产生误差的原因。

最后要对所设计课题实用价值做出评估说明;设计过程中存在的问题,改进意见或其它更好的方案设想及未能采纳的原因等。 (二)经济、管理类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、设计的指导思想;设计方案提出的依据,设计方案的选择和比较;设计过程;所运用的技术经济分析指标和方法;数学模型及其依据,数据计算方法;对设计方案的实用性和经济效益等方面做出评估;对设计实施过程中存在的问题 ( 或可能发生的问题 ) 提出合理化建议。

毕业论文的基本论点、主要论据;根据国家有关方针、政策及规定联系实际展开理论分析。 (三)文科类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、解决问题的指导思想;解决方案提出的依据,解决方案的选择和比较,结论。

二、论文印装 毕业论文用毕业设计专用纸打印。正文用宋体小四号字,行间距为24磅;版面页边距上3cm,下、左2.5cm,右2cm。

三、论文结构、装订顺序及要求 毕业论文由以下部分组成: (一)封面。论文题目不得超过20个字,要简练、准确,可分为两行。

(二)内容。 1、毕业设计(论文)任务书。

任务书由指导教师填写,经系主任、教务部审查签字后生效。 2、毕业设计(论文)开题报告; 3、毕业设计(论文)学生申请答辩表与指导教师毕业设计(论文)评审表; 4、毕业设计(论文)评阅人评审表; 5、毕业设计(论文)答辩表; 6、毕业设计(论文)成绩评定总表; 7、中英文内容摘要和关键词。

(1)摘要是论文内容的简要陈述,应尽量反映论文的主要信息,内容包括研究目的、方法、成果和结论,不含图表,不加注释,具有独立性和完整性。中文摘要一般为200-400字左右,英文摘要应与中文摘要内容完全相同。

“摘要”字样位置居中。 (2)关键词是反映毕业设计(论文)主题内容的名词,是供检索使用的。

主题词条应为通用技术词汇,不得自造关键词。关键词一般为3-5个,按词条外延层次(学科目录分类),由高至低顺序排列。

关键词排在摘要正文部分下方。 (3)中文摘要与关键词在前,英文的在后。

8、目录。 目录按三级标题编写,要求层次清晰,且要与正文标题一致。

主要包括绪论、正文主体、结论、致谢、主要参考文献及附录等。 9、正文。

论文正文部分包括:绪论(或前言、序言)、论文主体及结论。 (1)绪论。

综合评述前人工作,说明论文工作的选题目的和意义,国内外文献综述,以及论文所要研究的内容。 (2)论文主体。

论文的主要组成部分,主要包括选题背景、方案论证、过程论述、结果分析、结论或总结等内容。要求层次清楚,文字简练、通顺,重点突出,毕业设计(论文)文字数,一般应不少于8000字(或20个页码)。

外文翻译不少于3000字符,外文参考资料阅读量不少于3万字符。 中文论文撰写通行的题序层次采用以下格式: 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 格式是保证文章结构清晰、纲目分明的编辑手段,毕业论文所采用的格式必须符合上表规定,并前后统一,不得混杂使用。

格式除题序层次外,还应包括分段、行距、字体和字号等。 第一层次(章)题序和标题居中放置,其余各层次(节、条、款)题序和标题一律沿版面左侧边线顶格安排。

第一层次(章)题序和标题距下文双倍行距。段落开始后缩两个字。

行与行之间,段落和层次标题以及各段落之间均为24磅行间距。 第一层次(章)题序和标题用小二号黑体字。

题序和标题之间空两个字,不加标点,下同。 第二层次(节)题序和标题用小三号黑体字。

第三层次(条)题序和标题用四号黑体字。 第四层次及以下各层次题序及标题一律用小四号黑体字。

(3)结论(或结束语)。作为单独一章排列,但标题前不加“第XXX章”字样。

结论是整个论文的总结,应以简练的文字说明论文所做的工作,一般不超过两页。 10、致谢。

对导师和给予指导或协助完成毕业设计(论文)工作的组织和个人表示感谢。文字要简洁、实事求是,切忌浮夸和庸俗之词。

11、参考文献及引用资料目录(规范格式见附文)。 12、附录。

13、实验数据表、有关图纸(大于3#图幅时单独装订)。 (三)封底。

附:规范的参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识:M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。

2.英语毕业论文的范文和格式

Generally speaking, a speech may have the following stylistic characteristics: To begin with, it must be very persuasive. Thus the sentence patterns are very well-organized, with repetitions, parallelism and contrasts frequently used. Secondly, it should be emotional so as to be convincing, because the speaker should face the audience directly and his words should not only be orderly and informative but also be expressive and inspiring. Therefore, the stylistic devices such as similes and metaphors are often involved. Finally, in many cases, written-conversational style is usually used with not very formal diction and not very complicated sentence structure. Bibliography: [1]. Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, August 28, 1963 [2]. Wang Shouyuan, Essentials of English Stylistics, Shandong University Press, July, 2000 [3]. Pan Shaozhang, English Rhetoric and Writing, Shanghai Transportation University Press, December, 1998 [4]. Widdowson, H. G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1975 [5]. Leech, G. N. “ 'This bread I break' Language and interpretation”. In D.C. Freeman. (ed.). Linguistics and Literature Style. New York:Holt, Rinhart & Winston. Acknowledgements: It was really a laborious task to accomplish a B.A thesis. Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I'd like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, vice professor Mr. Liu Fagong, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I'd like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English College, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future. A Brief Introduction to the Author: Su Zhanghai, a student in Class One 1988 Grade, majoring in English Education, and a well-to-be teacher in Shandong Agricultural University, who whole-heartedly gives his best wishes to all the teachers in Qufu Normal University.Article resource :。

3.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

呵呵 (因字数有限制,我可发给你) 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先,本文对小说的背景做了介绍。

然后,对文本进行简要评论。再次,本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论:(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。

最后,揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词:悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运。

4.英语毕业论文范文“how to improve the ability of english reading ”

Some people think that reading is a verysimple matter. You move your eyes along the line, and the author's message appears somehow in your mind. When a person is highly skilled as a reader, it does seem that something like that takes place. However, the actual reading process is quite complicated. Try to think back when you were first learning to read, or observe a young child learning to read. It is a very difficult, complex, sometimes, painful process. Reduced to its simplest elements, we might say that comprehension is a part of the communication process of getting the thoughts that were in the author's mind into the reader's, but how does one reader can get the idea clearly? It depends on the reading ability of the reader's. How can the readers make improvements in reading? There are many skills to improve one's ability of reading comprehension. One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .The number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. If you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. Obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. The more words you memorize, the faster you read the article. So, it is necessary to memorize words as much as you can. By the way, it should be realized that approximately half of all written English material is composed of the 300 commonest words. Certain words then have a very high occurrence and are used over and over again. Since the English vocabulary is so vast, you cannot hope to master vocabulary only by learning your lessons in the classroom. Reading of course involves much more than simply knowing the dictionary meaning of individual words. When coping with unknown vocabulary. You have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. One of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. Guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. While reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. You can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. To be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. In order to improve reading ability. It's essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. Sentences are the basic building blocks for writing something that will be read. A sentence, as a larger unit of meaning, is always about something--its subject--and always has a statement about the subject. The form of a sentence may be vary, but the subject and the statement about it are always there. The idea conveyed by a sentence will always come to you as a whole. So being familiar with various sentence patterns and being able to have a good sense of what is conveyed by a sentence, even a very long one with some clauses inside, will be helpful for a more mature and efficient reading. So do the paragraph and passage. But the paragraph and passage are more complex than the sentence. A paragraph has sentences that are connected with each other in some logical ways and a passage is the connection of the paragraphs.。

5.毕业论文任务书怎么写

原料

毕业论文,办公软件,电脑

方法/步骤

1

1、毕业论文任务书的下达人:论文导师;

毕业论文任务书的接收人人:学生;

2

2、选择任务书类型:

毕业论文作为正式提交导师的文件,必须选择word格式,任务书同样也是word文档,方便查阅。

3

3、任务书格式:

毕业论文任务书以表格的形式呈现,分别列出毕业论文各个模块的概要。

4

4、字体:

任务书标题字体使用黑体三号,居中,1.5倍行距;正文表格内容使用小四号宋体,1.5倍行距。

5

5、任务书包括以下内容:

(1)任务书题目名称:论文选题名称;

(2)学生相关信息;

(3)题目来源;

(4)选题背景及目的;

(5)任务及要求;

(6)时间安排;

(7)导师学生签字。

6

6、导师根据学生选题的具体情况,合理安排进度要求,以求在最短时间内达到最高效率,按时按量完成。

7

7、落款各方签字必须手写。

图中画圈部分必须手写。

注意事项

任务书的合理下达,是带好一组学生的关键。

6.全英语论文3000字

Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "。

my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really 。

7.外语专业毕业论文怎么写

英语专业毕业论文应采用英语撰写,一般由以下部分组成,依次为:(1)封面,(2)任务书,(3)开题报告, (4) 英文摘要及关键词(Abstract,Keywords),(5)目录(Outline),(6)正文,(7)注释(Notes),(8)参考文献(Bibliography), (9) 致谢(Acknowledgement)。

Outline中要有Thesis Statement, 采用四号加粗,目录的各章节应简明扼要,其中每章(Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ.)题目采用小三号,每节(A.B.C.)题目采用四号。目录部分采用单倍行距。

毕业论文任务书英语

英语文学毕业论文任务书(你好,求一篇英语文学类论文的提纲,谢谢)

1.你好,求一篇英语文学类论文的提纲,谢谢

The Inevitability of Tess's tragedy

Contents

Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………ⅱ

Abstract……………………………………………………………………ⅲ

Introduction…………………………………………………………………1

1.General commentary and summary of Tess of the d'Urbervilles………1

2. The inevitability of Tess's tragedy produced by outside causes………2

2.1Tess's nature contradicted with hypocritical era and religion……2

2.2The inevitability of tragedy caused by Tess's unique personality

which different from her parents……………………………………2

2.3The inevitability of Tess's tragedy caused by Alec and Angel………3

3. The inevitability of Tess's tragedy produced by internal causes………4

3.1 The inevitability of Tess's tragedy produced by the contradiction

between her submission and her pride independence…………4

3.2The inevitability of Tess's tragedy produced by indistinct

equal thoughts…………………………………………………………5

4. Last thorough commentary to the inevitability of Tess's tragedy…………6

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………7

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………8

摘 要

《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的艺术高峰。《苔丝》向我们讲述了苔丝,一个纯洁、善良和可爱的女人成为那个社会专制和暴力牺牲品的悲剧. 那么,苔丝悲剧发生的原因是什么?她的悲剧是可以避免的吗?或是必然的呢?本文将从时代背景、家庭因素和苔丝自身因素来给出一些影响苔丝悲剧发生的原因。以此说明悲剧的必然性。

关键词:必然性 苔丝 悲剧

Abstract

Tess of the D'urbervilles is the height of Hardy's achievement. In this novel, we are introduced to Tess, a pure, kind and lovely women who suffered great misfortune and sentenced to death at last. What are Tess's tragedy causes? Can it be avoidable? Or can it be unavoidable? This essay will list some reasons of influencing Tess's tragic features from the background of that era, family causes, internal causes of Tess. Therefore the form of her tragic features is unavoidable.

Key words: Inevitability Tess Tragedy

2.毕业论文任务书怎么写

论文任务书怎么写 1、课题的内容和要求——课题内容:主要写作课题目的意义,用简洁、概括性的语言来表达课题的内容;课题要求:主要用什么方法完成论文、达到什么目的。

2、设计的技术要求与数据(或论文主要内容):论文主要内容应写明具体做哪些方面可分几点来写,注意不要将实验方案写在此处。 3、研究方案与研究目标:论文要求立论有据、观点鲜明,文章结构完整、语言顺畅、层次分明;研究内容与提出的观点要求以实际情况为基础,并对我国经济发展以及本学科领域有一定的理论意义和现实意义。

在文章的撰写过程中对所研究的课题提出自己的观点和看法;文章应尽量避免错别字和错误标点符号的出现,文章格式参考学校学位论文格式统一要求样本。 4、进度计划与应完成的工作——分3-4或4-6个阶段写,将每个阶段应完成的工作写上。

例如:进度计划的开始时间2017年3月,结束时间为2017年5月如:2017年3月至5月:查阅资料、试验准备工作;2017年5月到7月:进行试验。 5、主要参考文献、资料:列出参考文献、资料10篇以上其中外文2篇,近2年参考文献、资料2-3篇。

此处参考文献、资料最好与后面开题报告中参考文献、资料一致,但数量不能大于开题报告中参考文献、资料数量。 拓展资料: 学年论文一译“课程论文”。

指高等学校人文科学、自然科学、社会科学及师范类专业本科学生在教学计划规定的某一学期内,在教师指导下就给定的课题独立进行研究所写出的小论文。其撰写旨在培养学生综合运用已学课程的理论和知识解决实际与理论问题的能力,使学生接受查阅、评述文献,制定研究方案及计算、论证、撰写论文等科学研究的初步训练。

论文题目由教师下达,因人而异,应是学生在掌握已学课程内容的基础上可以解决的小型综合性实际问题或理论问题。撰写期间,教师须及时检查、了解学生的工作情况,并给予必要的启发和指导。

3.求英语文学方向论文开题报告范文

本科毕业论文开题报告 论文题目the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights 一、选题的意义和研究现状 1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。

关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。 本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。

对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。

当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。 二、研究方案 1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲) 研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

预期的结果(大纲): 1.A Survey of Gothic 1.1 Definition of Gothic 1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels 1.2.1 Historical Reasons 1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality 1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance 1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity 1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself 1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism 1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful 2. Emily's Gothic Heritage 2.1 Theme 2.1.1 Good and Evil 2.1.2 Revenge 2.2 Characters Description 2.2.1 Villain-hero 2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl 2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot 2.3.1 Terror 2.3.2 Mystery 2.3.3 Supernatural 3.Emily's Gothic Innovation 3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism 3.1.1 Change of the Background 3.1.2 Use of Symbolism 3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness 3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness 3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2.拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题 研究所需条件:纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料; 可能存在的问题:(1)文献不足; (2) 由于个人的观点和能力,使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。 三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1.研究进度安排 (1)论文指导第一周(学期第八周):学生完成初稿。

(2)论文指导第二周(学期第九周):指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。 (3)论文指导第三周(学期第十周):学生交论文第二稿。

(4)论文指导第四周(学期第十一周):指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。 (5)论文指导第五周(学期第十二周):定稿 (6)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。

(7)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):本周星期五至论文指导第七周(学期第周)星期五,指导教师和评阅教师写评语,学生做好答辩准备。 (8)论文指导第七周(学期第十四周):星期三至论文指导第八周(学期第十五周)开展答辩工作。

2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献(不少于8条) [1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte's preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20. [2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press. [3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83. [4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 。

4.跪求 ” 论文大纲 任务书 文献综述 摘要“ 在英语毕业论文工作安排时

一、内容要求 毕业设计报告正文要求: (一)理、工科类专业毕业设计报告正文内容应包括:问题的提出;设计的指导思想;方案的选择和比较论证;根据任务书指出的内容和指标要求写出设计过程、课题所涉及元件结构和相关参数的设计计算,有关基本原理的说明与理论分析;给出所设计课题实际运行的数据或参数,并与理论设计参数进行比较和分析,说明产生误差的原因。

最后要对所设计课题实用价值做出评估说明;设计过程中存在的问题,改进意见或其它更好的方案设想及未能采纳的原因等。 (二)经济、管理类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、设计的指导思想;设计方案提出的依据,设计方案的选择和比较;设计过程;所运用的技术经济分析指标和方法;数学模型及其依据,数据计算方法;对设计方案的实用性和经济效益等方面做出评估;对设计实施过程中存在的问题 ( 或可能发生的问题 ) 提出合理化建议。

毕业论文的基本论点、主要论据;根据国家有关方针、政策及规定联系实际展开理论分析。 (三)文科类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、解决问题的指导思想;解决方案提出的依据,解决方案的选择和比较,结论。

二、论文印装 毕业论文用毕业设计专用纸打印。正文用宋体小四号字,行间距为24磅;版面页边距上3cm,下、左2.5cm,右2cm。

三、论文结构、装订顺序及要求 毕业论文由以下部分组成: (一)封面。论文题目不得超过20个字,要简练、准确,可分为两行。

(二)内容。 1、毕业设计(论文)任务书。

任务书由指导教师填写,经系主任、教务部审查签字后生效。 2、毕业设计(论文)开题报告; 3、毕业设计(论文)学生申请答辩表与指导教师毕业设计(论文)评审表; 4、毕业设计(论文)评阅人评审表; 5、毕业设计(论文)答辩表; 6、毕业设计(论文)成绩评定总表; 7、中英文内容摘要和关键词。

(1)摘要是论文内容的简要陈述,应尽量反映论文的主要信息,内容包括研究目的、方法、成果和结论,不含图表,不加注释,具有独立性和完整性。中文摘要一般为200-400字左右,英文摘要应与中文摘要内容完全相同。

“摘要”字样位置居中。 (2)关键词是反映毕业设计(论文)主题内容的名词,是供检索使用的。

主题词条应为通用技术词汇,不得自造关键词。关键词一般为3-5个,按词条外延层次(学科目录分类),由高至低顺序排列。

关键词排在摘要正文部分下方。 (3)中文摘要与关键词在前,英文的在后。

8、目录。 目录按三级标题编写,要求层次清晰,且要与正文标题一致。

主要包括绪论、正文主体、结论、致谢、主要参考文献及附录等。 9、正文。

论文正文部分包括:绪论(或前言、序言)、论文主体及结论。 (1)绪论。

综合评述前人工作,说明论文工作的选题目的和意义,国内外文献综述,以及论文所要研究的内容。 (2)论文主体。

论文的主要组成部分,主要包括选题背景、方案论证、过程论述、结果分析、结论或总结等内容。要求层次清楚,文字简练、通顺,重点突出,毕业设计(论文)文字数,一般应不少于8000字(或20个页码)。

外文翻译不少于3000字符,外文参考资料阅读量不少于3万字符。 中文论文撰写通行的题序层次采用以下格式: 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 格式是保证文章结构清晰、纲目分明的编辑手段,毕业论文所采用的格式必须符合上表规定,并前后统一,不得混杂使用。

格式除题序层次外,还应包括分段、行距、字体和字号等。 第一层次(章)题序和标题居中放置,其余各层次(节、条、款)题序和标题一律沿版面左侧边线顶格安排。

第一层次(章)题序和标题距下文双倍行距。段落开始后缩两个字。

行与行之间,段落和层次标题以及各段落之间均为24磅行间距。 第一层次(章)题序和标题用小二号黑体字。

题序和标题之间空两个字,不加标点,下同。 第二层次(节)题序和标题用小三号黑体字。

第三层次(条)题序和标题用四号黑体字。 第四层次及以下各层次题序及标题一律用小四号黑体字。

(3)结论(或结束语)。作为单独一章排列,但标题前不加“第XXX章”字样。

结论是整个论文的总结,应以简练的文字说明论文所做的工作,一般不超过两页。 10、致谢。

对导师和给予指导或协助完成毕业设计(论文)工作的组织和个人表示感谢。文字要简洁、实事求是,切忌浮夸和庸俗之词。

11、参考文献及引用资料目录(规范格式见附文)。 12、附录。

13、实验数据表、有关图纸(大于3#图幅时单独装订)。 (三)封底。

附:规范的参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识:M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。

5.毕业论文任务书怎么写

原料

毕业论文,办公软件,电脑

方法/步骤

1

1、毕业论文任务书的下达人:论文导师;

毕业论文任务书的接收人人:学生;

2

2、选择任务书类型:

毕业论文作为正式提交导师的文件,必须选择word格式,任务书同样也是word文档,方便查阅。

3

3、任务书格式:

毕业论文任务书以表格的形式呈现,分别列出毕业论文各个模块的概要。

4

4、字体:

任务书标题字体使用黑体三号,居中,1.5倍行距;正文表格内容使用小四号宋体,1.5倍行距。

5

5、任务书包括以下内容:

(1)任务书题目名称:论文选题名称;

(2)学生相关信息;

(3)题目来源;

(4)选题背景及目的;

(5)任务及要求;

(6)时间安排;

(7)导师学生签字。

6

6、导师根据学生选题的具体情况,合理安排进度要求,以求在最短时间内达到最高效率,按时按量完成。

7

7、落款各方签字必须手写。

图中画圈部分必须手写。

注意事项

任务书的合理下达,是带好一组学生的关键。

6.跪求英语专业文学方向的毕业论文或者论文提纲,万分感谢

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文:

(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:

a.提出-论点;

b.分析问题-论据和论证;

c.解决问题-论证与步骤;

d.结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。

中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息

所列参考文献的要求是:

(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。

(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

7.求英语文学方向论文开题报告范文

本科毕业论文开题报告 论文题目the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights 一、选题的意义和研究现状 1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。

关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。 本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。

对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。

当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。 二、研究方案 1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲) 研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

预期的结果(大纲): 1.A Survey of Gothic 1.1 Definition of Gothic 1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels 1.2.1 Historical Reasons 1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality 1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance 1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity 1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself 1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism 1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful 2. Emily's Gothic Heritage 2.1 Theme 2.1.1 Good and Evil 2.1.2 Revenge 2.2 Characters Description 2.2.1 Villain-hero 2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl 2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot 2.3.1 Terror 2.3.2 Mystery 2.3.3 Supernatural 3.Emily's Gothic Innovation 3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism 3.1.1 Change of the Background 3.1.2 Use of Symbolism 3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness 3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness 3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2.拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题 研究所需条件:纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料; 可能存在的问题:(1)文献不足; (2) 由于个人的观点和能力,使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。 三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1.研究进度安排 (1)论文指导第一周(学期第八周):学生完成初稿。

(2)论文指导第二周(学期第九周):指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。 (3)论文指导第三周(学期第十周):学生交论文第二稿。

(4)论文指导第四周(学期第十一周):指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。 (5)论文指导第五周(学期第十二周):定稿 (6)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。

(7)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):本周星期五至论文指导第七周(学期第周)星期五,指导教师和评阅教师写评语,学生做好答辩准备。 (8)论文指导第七周(学期第十四周):星期三至论文指导第八周(学期第十五周)开展答辩工作。

2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献(不少于8条) [1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte's preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20. [2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press. [3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83. [4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longm。

8.毕业论文的任务书怎么写

面举个详细的例子给你吧! 真看不懂的话

XXXXXXXXXX学院

20XX届本科生毕业设计(论文)任务书 (此两行黑体一号字 居中)

题 目: 中小学学生排课管理子系统

专业学院: 计算机科学技术学院

专 业: 计算机应用技术

学生姓名: XXX

指导教师: XXX

一、主要研究内容:

排课系统正是为了减轻教务人员的工作量,实现教务工作自动化,解决排课这一老大难问题的教务办公软件。对掌握基础最为之重要的中小学学生排课一直都没有很好的解决方法,但是此问题又是每个学校在每个学期都会碰到的必要行政作业。本文在相关理论的指导下,在分析以往一些排课软件的基础上,提出一个简单,实用的中小学排课系统的设计方法,并对一些具体的问题给出相应解决方案。

二、主要任务及目标:

以为中小学学生服务为基础,为解决老师繁杂的排课任务为目的,最大限度地免去工作人员繁忙而枯燥的手工排课过程。我的任务是做出一个适用于中小学学生的排课系统.

指导教师签字: 年 月 日

工作小组组长签字: 年 月 日

英语文学毕业论文任务书

英语本科毕业论文范本(英语本科毕业论文范文)

1.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

呵呵 (因字数有限制,我可发给你) 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先,本文对小说的背景做了介绍。

然后,对文本进行简要评论。再次,本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论:(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。

最后,揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词:悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运。

2.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

呵呵 (因字数有限制,我可发给你) 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先,本文对小说的背景做了介绍。

然后,对文本进行简要评论。再次,本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论:(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。

最后,揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词:悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运。

3.1500字英语论文范文

How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third Edition To be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard either. Before you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation". To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right track. After mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, etc。

. and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, etc。

. It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school. *************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. ******************* Speaking: In China, you won't have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and grammar. Listening: Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words accumulations. Writing: It is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (e.g. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences). Reading: It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even better. Putting four elements together: I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and speaking. The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad): In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak English. On Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you significantly. You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English. My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed. Summing up the activities: I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc。

. Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring. 文章由 /yylw/ 提供。

4.英语专业毕业论文格式是怎样的

英语专业论文格式规范 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)

【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don't know。

我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。

(正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…;小节的编号为:1.1.1, 1.1.2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) 英语(English)是印欧语系-日耳曼语族下的语言,由26个字母组合而成,英文字母渊源于拉丁字母,拉丁字母渊源于希腊字母,而希腊字母则是由腓尼基字母演变而来的。

英语是国际指定的官方语言(作为母语),也是世界上最广泛的第一语言,英语包含约49万词,外加技术名词约30万个,是词汇最多的语言,也是欧盟以及许多国际组织以及英联邦国家的官方语言,拥有世界第三位的母语使用者人数,仅次于汉语和西班牙语母语使用者人数。英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊以及朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来,并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。

由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触,它的词汇从一元变为多元,语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”,语音也发生了规律性的变化。在19至20世纪,英国以及美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学在世界上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言。

如今,许多国际场合都使用英语做为沟通媒介。英语也是与电脑联系最密切的语言,大多数编程语言都与英语有联系,而且随着网络的使用,英文的使用更普及。

英语是联合国的工作语言之一。 苏格兰语、低地撒克逊语、丹麦语、德语、荷兰语、南非荷兰语和英语也很接近。

拥有法国血统的诺曼人于11世纪征服英格兰王国,带来数万法语词汇和拉丁语词汇,很大程度地丰富了英语词汇外,相对也驱使不少原生的语汇作废。

5.英语毕业论文范文“how to improve the ability of english reading ”

Some people think that reading is a verysimple matter. You move your eyes along the line, and the author's message appears somehow in your mind. When a person is highly skilled as a reader, it does seem that something like that takes place. However, the actual reading process is quite complicated. Try to think back when you were first learning to read, or observe a young child learning to read. It is a very difficult, complex, sometimes, painful process. Reduced to its simplest elements, we might say that comprehension is a part of the communication process of getting the thoughts that were in the author's mind into the reader's, but how does one reader can get the idea clearly? It depends on the reading ability of the reader's. How can the readers make improvements in reading? There are many skills to improve one's ability of reading comprehension. One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .The number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. If you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. Obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. The more words you memorize, the faster you read the article. So, it is necessary to memorize words as much as you can. By the way, it should be realized that approximately half of all written English material is composed of the 300 commonest words. Certain words then have a very high occurrence and are used over and over again. Since the English vocabulary is so vast, you cannot hope to master vocabulary only by learning your lessons in the classroom. Reading of course involves much more than simply knowing the dictionary meaning of individual words. When coping with unknown vocabulary. You have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. One of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. Guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. While reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. You can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. To be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. In order to improve reading ability. It's essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. Sentences are the basic building blocks for writing something that will be read. A sentence, as a larger unit of meaning, is always about something--its subject--and always has a statement about the subject. The form of a sentence may be vary, but the subject and the statement about it are always there. The idea conveyed by a sentence will always come to you as a whole. So being familiar with various sentence patterns and being able to have a good sense of what is conveyed by a sentence, even a very long one with some clauses inside, will be helpful for a more mature and efficient reading. So do the paragraph and passage. But the paragraph and passage are more complex than the sentence. A paragraph has sentences that are connected with each other in some logical ways and a passage is the connection of the paragraphs.。

6.急求一篇英语专业毕业论文

跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 Intercultural Communication and Chinese-Western Cultural Conflict 【摘要】近年来,在全球化背景下,中西方文化发生交织碰撞。

随着中西跨文化交际活动的日益频繁,由于各国的价值观念、伦理道德观念、民族习惯等差异,发生文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜,并且时常会闹出很多笑话,出现很多让人难堪的尴尬境地。这严重影响了双方交往的顺利进行和国家与国家之间的友谊。

因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因,并采取一定措施来培养跨文化交际的能力,避免文化冲突,让国与国之间的交际交流变得轻松自如,成为一种人人渴望的享受而不再是怯场或恐惧。 【关键词】跨文化交际、中西,文化差异、文化冲突 Abstract:In recent years,at the background of globalization,Chinese and Western cultural occurred interweaves the collision.As the frequency between the Chinese and Western intercultural activity day by day,cases of the cultural conflict had been happened repeatedly because of differences on concept of value,ethics morality and national customs among various countries.And it often make many jokes,appears circumstances which made people embarrassed.This seriously affected both two sides to associate succeed and the friendship between nations.Therefore,we are necessary to discover its deep-level reason and take some certain measures to develop the intercultural communication ability.Avoids the cultural conflict,let the social communication becoming more free and relaxed between nation and nation,and then ,becoming an enjoyment everyone wants instead of frighteen or fear. Key Words:Intercultural Communication,Chinese-Western,Cultural Defference,Cultural Conflict. 随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入,西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野。

在这种情况下,跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增,这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会,这对于加深我们对西方社会的理解是一件好事。因为社会逐渐趋于一体化,国与国之间的交往也应越来越密切,这样才符合时代赋予我们与时俱进的要求和使命。

但这并不是一件简单的事情,因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家,思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人,在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。 其实,要想解决掉由于文化差异而引起的文化冲突问题,我们必须对这个问题出现的根源进行深刻的认识和剖析,这样才能清醒的认识到在跨文化交际中该做的和不该做的,能说的和不能说的,让每一次的交流都变得轻松惬意,成为一次难忘的经历和美好回忆。

1.中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突 在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种,在这里我们只列出比较常见的几种。 1.1隐私方面的冲突 中国人的隐私观念一向比较薄弱,认为个人要归属于集体,在一起讲究团结友爱,互相关心,故而往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣,对方也愿意坦诚相告。

并且只有这样才能显示出有多么在意对方,把对方真正的当朋友来看待。西方人则相反,他们非常注重个人隐私,讲究个人空间,个人意识相当强烈,不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情,更不愿意让别人干预。

即使是再亲密无间的朋友,他们在交谈时也会适可而止。因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突,例如:中国人第一次见面往往会询问对方的年龄,婚姻状况,儿女,职业,甚至收入,在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌,但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私。

1.2时间观方面的冲突 西方人的时间观也是很强的,他们非常珍惜时间,在生活中往往对时间都提前就做了精心的安排和计划,并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方,要拜访某人,必须事先通知或约定,并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点,经商定后方可进行。

而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家,在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性,一般不会像西方人那样严格的按照计划进行,有时跟别人约见甚至有可能只是临时决定或者提前半个小时而已,在赴约的准时程度上也没那么严谨,迟到几分钟是很常见的情况。而且理由借口也是相当的俱全,什么堵车啊,家里临时发生什么事脱不了身啊等等。

这方面跟西方人差别很大,因此西方人对此往往感到很不适应,也很难接受。但中国人却认为理所当然,不会觉得有任何不妥之处。

1.3客套语方面的冲突 中国一直是个各方面都比较传统的国家。中国人也向来注重谦虚,在与人交际时,讲求“卑己尊人”,把这看作一种美德,这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象。

在别人赞扬我们时,我们往往会自贬一番,以表谦虚有礼。这一点在称呼方面尤其突出,例如在向别人介绍自己的夫人时会介绍:“这是贱内!”儿子会以“犬子”代称,称自己为“鄙人”等等。

但在称呼别人时却又是大放词语异彩:对方的父母是令尊令堂,对方的儿子是令公子等等。他们把这当成一种客套,一种礼节,自己永远在别人之下。

特别是在受到夸奖或表扬时,中国人总喜欢把这句话挂。

7.求篇字数1000左右的英语论文

Computer Science Computer science (or computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems. It is frequently described as the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information. According to Peter J. Denning, the fundamental question underlying computer science is, "What can be (efficiently) automated?" Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results, while others, such as computational complexity theory, study the properties of computational problems. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describing computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to people. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with vocational areas that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement software such as games and web-browsers, and using that understanding to create new programs or improve existing ones. History The early foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks, such as the abacus, have existed since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator in 1623. Charles Babbage designed a difference engine in Victorian times helped by Ada Lovelace. Around 1900, punch-card machines were introduced. However, all of these machines were constrained to perform a single task, or at best some subset of all possible tasks. During the 1940s, as newer and more powerful computing machines were developed, the term computer came to refer to the machines rather than their human predecessors. As it became clear that computers could be used for more than just mathematical calculations, the field of computer science broadened to study computation in general. Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1950s and early 1960s, with the creation of the first computer science departments and degree programs. Since practical computers became available, many applications of computing have become distinct areas of study in their own right. Although many initially believed it impossible that computers themselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties it gradually became accepted among the greater academic population. It is the now well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time. IBM (short for International Business Machines) released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widely used during the exploration period of such devices. "Still, working with the IBM [computer] was frustrating。

if you had misplaced as much as one letter in one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start the whole process over again". During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues were commonplace. Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computer science technology. Modern society has seen a significant shift from computers being used solely by experts or professionals to a more widespread user base. Major Achievements Despite its relatively short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental contributions to science and society. These include: Started the "digital revolution", which includes the current Information Age and the Internet. A formal definition of computation and computability, and proof that there are computationally unsolvable and intractable problems. The concept of a programming language, a tool for the precise expression of methodological information at various levels of abstraction. In cryptography, breaking the Enigma machine was an important factor contributing to the Allied victory in World War II. Scientific 。

8.英语毕业论文的范文和格式

Generally speaking, a speech may have the following stylistic characteristics: To begin with, it must be very persuasive. Thus the sentence patterns are very well-organized, with repetitions, parallelism and contrasts frequently used. Secondly, it should be emotional so as to be convincing, because the speaker should face the audience directly and his words should not only be orderly and informative but also be expressive and inspiring. Therefore, the stylistic devices such as similes and metaphors are often involved. Finally, in many cases, written-conversational style is usually used with not very formal diction and not very complicated sentence structure. Bibliography: [1]. Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, August 28, 1963 [2]. Wang Shouyuan, Essentials of English Stylistics, Shandong University Press, July, 2000 [3]. Pan Shaozhang, English Rhetoric and Writing, Shanghai Transportation University Press, December, 1998 [4]. Widdowson, H. G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1975 [5]. Leech, G. N. “ 'This bread I break' Language and interpretation”. In D.C. Freeman. (ed.). Linguistics and Literature Style. New York:Holt, Rinhart & Winston. Acknowledgements: It was really a laborious task to accomplish a B.A thesis. Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I'd like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, vice professor Mr. Liu Fagong, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I'd like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English College, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future. A Brief Introduction to the Author: Su Zhanghai, a student in Class One 1988 Grade, majoring in English Education, and a well-to-be teacher in Shandong Agricultural University, who whole-heartedly gives his best wishes to all the teachers in Qufu Normal University.Article resource :。

9.写一篇英语800字小论文

In modern society, we tend to become more and more aware of our living environment or physical environment, because we is not clean as before. So many people now choose their house as to its environment but not its location and expenses to afford it. As we all know, the environment pollution is more and more serious during these years, what we could do is to make great efforts in protecting environment gradually. As to government pollution, as to common people. We also try to protect it and make it remain clean. Although we have managed to protect the environment to a certain extent. It is still a very long way to go. The phoenix Mountain is a place of interest. Every day, it welcome a great many visitors. Years ago, a few people didn`t care about environment protection there. For example, waste paper, plastic bags and tins carelessly disposed could be seen everywhere. A few visitors not only killed animals, caught birds, but also picked up flowers and dug trees. What`s more, some of them set fire for cooking in the woods. People showed a real concern over the problem . And fortunately, measures have been taken to deal with the problem. As a result, the environment there has changed. For example, the visitors take away their rubbish. They do not hunt any more. Besides, people protect trees and all kinds of plants. Futhermore, all the tourists bring their food for lnch by themselves in order not to cause fire. Now ,it is more beautiful than before. We must sing high praise for the good deeds. man and environment the world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. bird flu and sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life. besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. first of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”, and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been doing. what' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. in addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.。

英语本科毕业论文范本

英语毕业论文目录范本

1.英语论文目录怎么排版

针对该问题,笔者认为:做好英语论文目录的排版,格式是前提,理清层次是基础,统一体例是保障。具体2113如下:

1. 目录格式以分层次均衡排列为佳,否则会造成比重失调,下级标题项数要么5261不均衡,要么不完整。

2. 要理清标题之间的层次关系,即遵循同级标题表达同一层次相互并列内容的原则进行排列各级标题,不然就会出现层次混乱、脉络不清等问题

需说明的是4102,为使目录简洁明了,大多数论文目录仅需二、三级标题即可。

3. 还应做到目录标题体例一致,即结构相似。否则会出现短语句子混用、结构不一等不规范现象。

值得一提的是,论文中的致谢、摘要等部分应列入目1653录中,尽管其页码标记要求各异,但一般阿拉伯数字页码标记从正文开始计数。

4. 结语目录也是论文目录不可或缺的一部分。论文撰写前,它能帮助组织论文材料;专论文撰写中,它能检查落实论文进展;论文修改中,它能审视修改论文逻辑。

综述,论文的目录排版应从目录格式、层次关系、标题体例等方面着手,着重核查论文中的各级标题是否比例均衡、层次清晰、结构得当,只有这样才能确保论文目录排版的质量和美属观。

2.英语本科毕业论文范文

不知道下面这个能否合你要求。

呵呵 (因字数有限制,我可发给你) 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先,本文对小说的背景做了介绍。

然后,对文本进行简要评论。再次,本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论:(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。

最后,揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词:悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运。

3.英语毕业论文的范文和格式

Generally speaking, a speech may have the following stylistic characteristics: To begin with, it must be very persuasive. Thus the sentence patterns are very well-organized, with repetitions, parallelism and contrasts frequently used. Secondly, it should be emotional so as to be convincing, because the speaker should face the audience directly and his words should not only be orderly and informative but also be expressive and inspiring. Therefore, the stylistic devices such as similes and metaphors are often involved. Finally, in many cases, written-conversational style is usually used with not very formal diction and not very complicated sentence structure. Bibliography: [1]. Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, August 28, 1963 [2]. Wang Shouyuan, Essentials of English Stylistics, Shandong University Press, July, 2000 [3]. Pan Shaozhang, English Rhetoric and Writing, Shanghai Transportation University Press, December, 1998 [4]. Widdowson, H. G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1975 [5]. Leech, G. N. “ 'This bread I break' Language and interpretation”. In D.C. Freeman. (ed.). Linguistics and Literature Style. New York:Holt, Rinhart & Winston. Acknowledgements: It was really a laborious task to accomplish a B.A thesis. Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I'd like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, vice professor Mr. Liu Fagong, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I'd like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English College, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified teacher in the future. A Brief Introduction to the Author: Su Zhanghai, a student in Class One 1988 Grade, majoring in English Education, and a well-to-be teacher in Shandong Agricultural University, who whole-heartedly gives his best wishes to all the teachers in Qufu Normal University.Article resource :。

4.英语论文目录怎么排版

一、论文选题 考生应在指导教师的指导下自选与英语相关的论文题目,选题应尽量做到具体有意义,不宜太大太空泛;论文选题经导师确认后方可开始着手写作。自考本科毕业论文一律用汉语写作。完稿后用A4纸打印一式四份,页面四边距均设置为2.5厘米,正文统一使用宋体小四号字。全文字数不少于5000字。论文写作格式规范应严格按照《自考英语专业本科毕业论文格式范例及写作规范说明》,要特别注意参考文献、摘要及封面的各类规范和细节。 选题主要应考虑四个要素:1. 自己熟悉和感兴趣的;2. 有意义且有可操作性的;3. 能比较容易找到十本以上相关研究成果或参考文献的;4. 选题越小越具体越好,而且要有一些自己的idea。写论文前要明确你想研究什么?别人对此已经做了哪些研究,主要有什么观点,你有什么特别的观点?千万不要想把一篇论文写得象十本专著的量,什么都想说,什么都只是蜻蜓点水。也不要把论文写得象教材。如果想参考在核心期刊上已经发表的论文选题,可以浏览参考外国语学院网站上的期刊论文目录. 在论文写作中还有几点需要注意:1)摘要是将论文中最精华的部分言简意赅地表述出来的地方,不是写引言或定义的地方。2)不要有多余空行。缩进、排版和参考文献的标注要符合自考毕业论文格式规范。3)参考文献数量至少要有十项,而且每篇均须标注出处页码,并与文中序号一一对应。4)不要混用中英文标点,中文标点要用全角,英文标点要用半角。5)不要为了强调而盲目使用太绝对又没有充分理据的表述。6)论文中不能出现口语化表述,写好后要多读几遍,反复推敲修订。7)切不可抄袭,凡是别人的都要注明出处。

英语论文目录怎么排版?

5.英语专业毕业论文格式

英语专业论文格式规范 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)

【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don't know。

我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。

(正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…;小节的编号为:1.1.1, 1.1.2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) …. In conclusion, …. 3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. 3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms … (i) …. …. (ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion …. Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981. 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。

接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲。

6.英文论文的详细格式

英文论文的详细格式:一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。

各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。

如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。

(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。

段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。

美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。

美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。

在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料:发表论文作用:论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。

不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的。

7.英文文献格式

[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧,是他们的成就的表现。

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。

呵呵 你看看,对你有帮助:毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.6.研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.7.条例 【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期 【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著 【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者,译.出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。

英语毕业论文目录范本

英语毕业论文任务书

1.毕业论文的任务书怎么写

面举个详细的例子给你吧! 真看不懂的话

XXXXXXXXXX学院

20XX届本科生毕业设计(论文)任务书 (此两行黑体一号字 居中)

题 目: 中小学学生排课管理子系统

专业学院: 计算机科学技术学院

专 业: 计算机应用技术

学生姓名: XXX

指导教师: XXX

一、主要研究内容:

排课系统正是为了减轻教务人员的工作量,实现教务工作自动化,解决排课这一老大难问题的教务办公软件。对掌握基础最为之重要的中小学学生排课一直都没有很好的解决方法,但是此问题又是每个学校在每个学期都会碰到的必要行政作业。本文在相关理论的指导下,在分析以往一些排课软件的基础上,提出一个简单,实用的中小学排课系统的设计方法,并对一些具体的问题给出相应解决方案。

二、主要任务及目标:

以为中小学学生服务为基础,为解决老师繁杂的排课任务为目的,最大限度地免去工作人员繁忙而枯燥的手工排课过程。我的任务是做出一个适用于中小学学生的排课系统.

指导教师签字: 年 月 日

工作小组组长签字: 年 月 日

2.毕业论文任务书怎么写

你好

毕业论文任务书怎么写

对大学毕业生来说,论文的写作相当重要,写好论文会给大学生活一个完美的句号。映辉论文网为您收集整理了关于论文的写作指导,希望对您有所帮助!

毕业论文任务书范例 一、主要任务与目标:

本文的主要任务与目标是根据沃尔玛的经验,旨在研究如何解决我国的连锁零售业目前存在的供应商与零售企业不良冲突,建立和谐的长期的合作关系,进而实现我国连锁零售业能够有所突破,使其发展壮大,做大做强,走向世界。

希望通过本次毕业论文,能综合运用所学知识,根据论文写作方向,能独立查找、分析和翻译外文资料;根据国内外的研究和应用现状,能独立地提出问题、分析问题和解决问题。

二、主要内容与基本要求:

本文研究的是供应链管理在我国连锁零售业企业中的运用探析,先介绍供应链的基本理论,本文侧重于研究供应商关系管理,并结合沃尔玛在中国零售市场中的供应链实践活动。本文基本要求贴近实际生活,最后所提出的建议也具有一定的可取性。

论文写作中的基本要求:

1、根据论文研究方向,独立进行文献查找和分析文献资料;

2、能够独立查找、翻译和分析外文资料;

3、参考国内外研究现状和成果,独立分析、写作、完成完整的毕业论文。

三、计划进度:

12.9确定论文题目、收集资料、准备开题报告 1.5完成开题报告

1.6准备文献综述、英文翻译 1.21完成英文翻译

1.22整理资料,准备文献综述及正文 3.20完成文献综述及正文 4.20提交论文初

满意请采纳

3.求毕业论文任务书标准模版

原发布者:q897456801论文

毕业论文任务书怎么写毕业论文任务书范例 一、主要任务与目标: 本文的主要任务与目标是根据沃尔玛的经验,旨在研究如何解决我国的连锁零售业目前存在的供应商与零售企业不良冲突,建立和谐的长期的合作关系,进而实现我国连锁零售业能够有所突破,使其发展壮大,做大做强,走向世界。 希望通过本次毕业论文,能综合运用所学知识,根据论文写作方向,能独立查找、分析和翻译外文资料;根据国内外的研究和应用现状,能独立地提出问题、分析问题和解决问题。 二、主要内容与基本要求: 本文研究的是供应链管理在我国连锁零售业企业中的运用探析,先介绍供应链的基本理论,本文侧重于研究供应商关系管理,并结合沃尔玛在中国零售市场中的供应链实践活动。本文基本要求贴近实际生活,最后所提出的建议也具有一定的可取性。 点击文档链接,可查看更多信息论文写作中的基本要求: 1、根据论文研究方向,独立进行文献查找和分析文献资料; 2、能够独立查找、翻译和分析外文资料; 3、参考国内外研究现状和成果,独立分析、写作、完成完整的毕业论文。 三、计划进度: 12.9确定论文题目、收集资料、准备开题报告 1.5完成开题报告 1.6准备文献综述、英文翻译 1.21完成英文翻译 1.22整理资料,准备文献综述及正文 3.20完成文献综述及正文 4.20提交论文初稿 5.15提交论文修改稿 5.28完成论文全文 四、主要参考文献: [1]马士华,林勇.供应链管理.[M].[北京].[高等教育出版社].[2003].

4.跪求 ” 论文大纲 任务书 文献综述 摘要“ 在英语毕业论文工作安排时

一、内容要求 毕业设计报告正文要求: (一)理、工科类专业毕业设计报告正文内容应包括:问题的提出;设计的指导思想;方案的选择和比较论证;根据任务书指出的内容和指标要求写出设计过程、课题所涉及元件结构和相关参数的设计计算,有关基本原理的说明与理论分析;给出所设计课题实际运行的数据或参数,并与理论设计参数进行比较和分析,说明产生误差的原因。

最后要对所设计课题实用价值做出评估说明;设计过程中存在的问题,改进意见或其它更好的方案设想及未能采纳的原因等。 (二)经济、管理类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、设计的指导思想;设计方案提出的依据,设计方案的选择和比较;设计过程;所运用的技术经济分析指标和方法;数学模型及其依据,数据计算方法;对设计方案的实用性和经济效益等方面做出评估;对设计实施过程中存在的问题 ( 或可能发生的问题 ) 提出合理化建议。

毕业论文的基本论点、主要论据;根据国家有关方针、政策及规定联系实际展开理论分析。 (三)文科类专业毕业设计报告或论文正文应包括:问题的提出、解决问题的指导思想;解决方案提出的依据,解决方案的选择和比较,结论。

二、论文印装 毕业论文用毕业设计专用纸打印。正文用宋体小四号字,行间距为24磅;版面页边距上3cm,下、左2.5cm,右2cm。

三、论文结构、装订顺序及要求 毕业论文由以下部分组成: (一)封面。论文题目不得超过20个字,要简练、准确,可分为两行。

(二)内容。 1、毕业设计(论文)任务书。

任务书由指导教师填写,经系主任、教务部审查签字后生效。 2、毕业设计(论文)开题报告; 3、毕业设计(论文)学生申请答辩表与指导教师毕业设计(论文)评审表; 4、毕业设计(论文)评阅人评审表; 5、毕业设计(论文)答辩表; 6、毕业设计(论文)成绩评定总表; 7、中英文内容摘要和关键词。

(1)摘要是论文内容的简要陈述,应尽量反映论文的主要信息,内容包括研究目的、方法、成果和结论,不含图表,不加注释,具有独立性和完整性。中文摘要一般为200-400字左右,英文摘要应与中文摘要内容完全相同。

“摘要”字样位置居中。 (2)关键词是反映毕业设计(论文)主题内容的名词,是供检索使用的。

主题词条应为通用技术词汇,不得自造关键词。关键词一般为3-5个,按词条外延层次(学科目录分类),由高至低顺序排列。

关键词排在摘要正文部分下方。 (3)中文摘要与关键词在前,英文的在后。

8、目录。 目录按三级标题编写,要求层次清晰,且要与正文标题一致。

主要包括绪论、正文主体、结论、致谢、主要参考文献及附录等。 9、正文。

论文正文部分包括:绪论(或前言、序言)、论文主体及结论。 (1)绪论。

综合评述前人工作,说明论文工作的选题目的和意义,国内外文献综述,以及论文所要研究的内容。 (2)论文主体。

论文的主要组成部分,主要包括选题背景、方案论证、过程论述、结果分析、结论或总结等内容。要求层次清楚,文字简练、通顺,重点突出,毕业设计(论文)文字数,一般应不少于8000字(或20个页码)。

外文翻译不少于3000字符,外文参考资料阅读量不少于3万字符。 中文论文撰写通行的题序层次采用以下格式: 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 格式是保证文章结构清晰、纲目分明的编辑手段,毕业论文所采用的格式必须符合上表规定,并前后统一,不得混杂使用。

格式除题序层次外,还应包括分段、行距、字体和字号等。 第一层次(章)题序和标题居中放置,其余各层次(节、条、款)题序和标题一律沿版面左侧边线顶格安排。

第一层次(章)题序和标题距下文双倍行距。段落开始后缩两个字。

行与行之间,段落和层次标题以及各段落之间均为24磅行间距。 第一层次(章)题序和标题用小二号黑体字。

题序和标题之间空两个字,不加标点,下同。 第二层次(节)题序和标题用小三号黑体字。

第三层次(条)题序和标题用四号黑体字。 第四层次及以下各层次题序及标题一律用小四号黑体字。

(3)结论(或结束语)。作为单独一章排列,但标题前不加“第XXX章”字样。

结论是整个论文的总结,应以简练的文字说明论文所做的工作,一般不超过两页。 10、致谢。

对导师和给予指导或协助完成毕业设计(论文)工作的组织和个人表示感谢。文字要简洁、实事求是,切忌浮夸和庸俗之词。

11、参考文献及引用资料目录(规范格式见附文)。 12、附录。

13、实验数据表、有关图纸(大于3#图幅时单独装订)。 (三)封底。

附:规范的参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识:M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。

5.求英语专业毕业论文提纲

我有一个是英语文学方面的.不知道是不是你想要的.这可是我的得意之作.我就是靠这个论文拿了优秀毕业论文的.如果你满意,一定要把我选为最佳哦,谢谢!

题目是:The analysis of Symbolic Images in Tony Morrison's Beloved

Thesis statement: The paper intends to analyze the symbolic images in Tony Morrison's Beloved.

I. Introduction

A.The introduction of the author

a.A brief review of symbolid

b.The appraisal

B.The brief of the paper

II.The Origin of Tony Morrison's Symbolic Images

A.The production of the work

B.Comparing with other works in symbolic images

III.Five Categories of Symbolic Images in Beloved

A.symbolic figures

B.Setting

C. Body marks

D. Linguistic application

E.Event

IV.Theme Interpreation with Reference to Symbolic Images

A. Memory of the past

B.Seeking self-recognition

C.Recuperating Afro-American traditional culture

D. Maternal love

V.Conclusion

A.The contribution to Afro-American literature.

B.Social influence produced by Symbolic Images and its profound meaning.

英语毕业论文任务书

转载请注明出处众文网 » 英语毕业论文任务书范本

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