毕业论文英文参考文献哪里找

Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, wharehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may both be used for interchange of passengers and cargo, and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks people, helocopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorizing impact on the environment. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl. Mode Main article: Mode of transport A mode of transport is a technological solution that used a fundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While there transport in air and on water has their own mode, land transport has several modes. Human-powered transport remains common in developing countries [edit] Human-powered Main article: Human-powered transport Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle-power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human-power. Many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions. It is considered an ideal form of sustainable transportation. Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when enforcing the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for highly encumbering environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowings and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft. [edit] Animal-powered Main article: Animal-powered transport Animal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and goods. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles. Animals are superior to people in their speed, endurance and carrying capacity; prior to the Industrial Revolution they were used for all land transport impracticable for people, and they remain an important mode of transport in less developed areas of the world. [edit] Air Main article: Aviation Scandinavian Airlines System MD-80 airliner at Kiruna Airport, SwedenA fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft. Two necessities for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift, and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance, restocking, refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo and passengers. 。

英文,参考文献,毕业论文,仓储

3.求2篇关于区域物流系统的英文文献,并有中文翻译

20世纪 80年代以来，在区域经济一体化趋势下，区域经济合作成为一种普遍的经济现象，区域问物流、商流、信息流、资金流等不断涌现，物流活动日趋频繁。

如何减少物流距离、缩短物流时问、降低物流费用，成为区域经济协调发展亟需解决的问题。在这个背景下，区域物流成为现代物流发展中的一个重要领域，受到全世界的广泛关注，各国都十分重视区域物流的研究。

进入21 世纪，我国各级政府、产业界和理论界高度重视并切实推进区域物流发展，促进商品及各种要素的高效流动和配置优化。为实现区域经济社会的可持续发展，要对区域物流进行统筹协调、合理规划、整体控制，实现区域物流各要素的系统最优目标。

区域物流涉及物资在区域内的实体流动、区域间的货物集敞过程，重点解决一个区域内的物流系统优化问题，保障整个区域的物流活动满足生产活动、消费生活的需要，提高区域经济运行质量，促进区域经济协调发展。区域物流中的“区域”是具有特定经济意义的地区范围，电可称之为经济区域。

区域物流作为区域经济活动的重要组成部分，是区域功能得以发挥的有力支柱，体现区域资源的合理配置和有效利用，满足区域经济社会可持续发展的战略需要此，区域物流的价值取向是区域经济社会的协调及可持续发展。区域物流作为区域经济社会的个子系统，涉及区域物资的运输配送、仓储保管、现代包装、装卸搬运、流通加工、信息处理等领域，其产生和发展是随着社会分工协作和地区经济专业化的发展而发展的。

第一次社会大分工后，自给自足的自然经济仍占统治地位，商品生产和交换的比重很小，地区间的联系很弱，一般只在农业部落和游牧部落之问存在零星的、分散的物资流动。第二次社会大分工后，手工业、矿业、小规模原材料工业、简单制造业等应运而生，商品生产和交换不断发展，但是受交通条件、运输条件等经济基础的制约，物资流通范围较小。

第三次社会大分工后，出现了专门从事商品交换的商人，商品交换向纵深发展，物资流通日趋频繁，一个或少数几个条件优越的地区与其他地区开始分化，产生了一个或几个区域性的、以条件优越地区为中心、周围地区为外围的二元结构。随着商品经济的发展，中心区经济迅速发展，对资源的需求大幅度扩张，与其他地区之间的物流联系不断加强；外围地区也逐渐得到开发，成为区域的次级中心，形成主中心、次中心相互衔接的多核结构区域经济。

在经济社会发展过程中，不删中心区之间的外围地区逐渐被纳入中心区的物资流通循环中，区域经济在空间上实现一体化。区域物流被融入一个统一而又相互依赖的体系之中，区域物流发展呈现网络系统化态势，深刻影响着区域工农业生产、居民生活和经济社会的正常运行。

区域经济理论强调区域经济增长需要区域内和区域之间的物流、商流、信息流、资金流。没有高效的物资流动，就不会有增长的极化和扩散效应，梯度推移也就不会实现；没有物资的合理流动，就不能促进区域经济社会的可持续发展。

另一方面，区域经济理论可以应用于物流产业的定位分析，指导区域物流发展。例如，将增长极理论应用到区域物流规划，可集中在以下几个方面：物流基础设施建设，应注资源增长极”、“产业增长极”和“城市增长极”有机结合，避免重复建设；物流园区的建设，应注重增长极的诱发效应、极化效应、渗透效应和扩散效应；重点物流园区的建设，应注重“增长极核效应”。

Since the 1980s, the trend of regional economic integration, regional economic cooperation has become a common phenomenon in the economy, asked the regional logistics, business flow, information flow, capital flow, and other emerging services, logistics activities have become more frequent. How to reduce the distance between the logistics, logistics shorten the time to reduce logistics costs, as a regional economic coordinated development of the urgent need to resolve. Against this background, to become the regional logistics of modern logistics development in an important field by the world wide attention, both countries attach great importance to regional logistics. In the 21st century, our country at all levels of government, industry and the community attached great importance to theoretical and practical logistics to promote regional development and promotion of commodities and various elements of the high-performance mobile and optimize the configuration. To achieve regional sustainable economic and social development, it is necessary to carry out the logistics of the regional co-ordination, planning and reasonable, overall control, regional logistics elements of the system optimal goal. Regional logistics supplies in the region involving physical movement of goods between the regional-open process, a focus on the region's logistics optimization system to protect the region as a whole to meet the logistics activities of the production, consumption need。

4.高分跪求：有关物流的英文文献,要有参考文献的出处,有中文翻译的

Business logisticsLogistics as a business concept evolved in the 1950s due to the increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for experts called supply chain logisticians. Business logistics can be defined as "having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer", and is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logistics work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies.In business, logistics may have either internal focus (inbound logistics), or external focus (outbound logistics) covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption (see supply chain management). The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes; the other coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out some project.[edit]Production logisticsThe term production logistics is used to describe logistic processes within an industry. The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine and workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and quality at the right time. The concern is not the transportation itself, but to streamline and control the flow through value-adding processes and eliminate non–value-adding ones. Production logistics can be applied to existing as well as new plants. Manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing process. Machines are exchanged and new ones added, which gives the opportunity to improve the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and capital efficiency.Production logistics is becoming more important with decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (e.g. mobile phones), a batch size of one is the short-term aim, allowing even a single customer's demand to be fulfilled efficiently. Track and tracing, which is an essential part of production logistics—due to product safety and product reliability issues—is also gaining importance, especially in the automotive and medical industries.出处 wikipedia。

5.第三方物流有关英文文献给一份看看谢谢了

第三方物流，Third Party Logistics，简称：3PL1. 3rd Party Logistics Study 2012 [2012第三方物流市场报告]petitive advantages），通过这些竞争优势获取供应商/制造商们的服务合约（service contract），获取报酬和利润（profit）。对3PL来说，服务顾客，追求顾客的满意度（customer satisfaction）是宗旨（ultimate objective）。

提供增值（value add）服务是客户的需求，也是3PL获利的基础（basis）。人脉（network）和信息系统（information network）是3PL最宝贵的资产。

和客户（供应商/生产商们）建立长久的合作关系（coopration;partnership）是3PL的目标，也是持续发展（sustainable growth）和盈利的基础。合作（collaboration），互信（trust），信息共享（information sharing），战略化的统一[标准和观念]（strategic allignment in standards and principles）是实现长期合作的途径和方法。

要成为成功的3PL必须知道自己的SWOT (strengthes：内部优势，weaknesses：内部弱点，opportunies：市场机遇，threats：外部威胁)，然后找到适合自身的市场定位（market niche）和相应的竞争发展战略（competition strategy）才行。=====================================希望以上这些词汇对你有帮助。

6.仓库管理系统计算机毕业论文英文摘要应该怎么写

ABSTRACT

This thesis is founded on the development of army material management system. The author takes charge of the designing and implement of planar bar code using in storehouse management.

This thesis particularly expounds the society background and technique background of the planar bar code application module and the necessity of this system's development. This thesis expounds the system research, system analysis and the foundation of new system logical model in the development of system. In addition, this thesis expounds the detailed designing of system. In the end, this thesis expounds all kinds of idiographic technology problems and corresponding resolvents.

KEYWORDS: Planar bar code, Storehouse management, Bar code scanning, management system更多的可以参考一下5173论文网，那边资料很多！~

7.第三方物流中英文参考文献,尤其是英文参考文献

MartinChristoPher.[M].Beijing: 董蕊.供应链管理与第三方物流策划【M』.北京：中国经济出版社，2003 楼前飞，严伟.浅析我国第三方物流的发展现状及对策[J].物流技术，2005(11) Donald J.Bowersox,David J.Closs,(1998). Outi Manunen . (2000)An Activity-Based Costing Model for Logistics Operations of Manufacturers and Wholesalers . vol.3,no.1 Wendy W.Qu ,James H. Boodbinder, Paul Iyogun. (1999)An integrated inventory-transportation system with modified periodic policy for mulitiple products .. 骆温平著，（2001）《第三方物流：理论、操作与案例》，上海社会科学院出版社记得采纳啊。

8.高分&追分

Management problemsIntegrated project team planningManaged communications across many peopleA formal decision-making processAn integrated test plan and managed test processApplying lessons learned from earlier implementations to later implementationsUser problemsTechnical problemsERPComplexity造成的问题二Management problemsUser problemsPeople obstacles, 62%Business process issues, 16%Information technology (technical issues), 12%Technical problemsERPComplexity造成的问题三Management problemsUser problemsTechnical problemsNonrobust and incomplete ERP packagesComplex and undefined ERP-to-legacy-system interfacesMiddleware technology bugsPoor custom codePoor system performanceERP Intractable的原因[3]ReliabilityBig-bang seductionOvereager customizationCultural hurdleERP 的Hidden Costs [3] scheduleSparing the bestDelayed ROI (Return on Investment)Model-Based Architecting and Software Engineering[3]Success modelTechnological vs. comprehensiveProduct modelMonolithic vs. UnitizedProcess modelBig-bang vs. incrementalModel of Risk Factors[2]External Business ContextOrganization ContextIS ContextEnterprise System ProjectModel of Risk Factors in ES Implementation [2]FoxMeyer vs. Dow Corning之一[2]FoxMeyer vs. Dow Corning之二[2]FoxMeyer vs. Dow Corning差异[2]Organizational cultureDow Corning has an open culture- less open - forced by a contract with UHC in 90 daysUse of ConsultantsFoxMeyer-AndersenDow Corning - no consultant, but ask for SAP's helpProject leadershipFoxMeyer- no steering committee nor strong PMDow Corning- VP + planning committeeModel-based analysisFoxMeyer's reaction to Environment ChangeDown Corning's ability to withstand environmental changeProject Resolution by Type [4]Type I Successful 16.2%Completed on time and within budgetAll required functions and features initially specifiedType 2 Challenged 52.7%Completed and operationalSuffered budget overruns and/or program slipsOffered fewer functions and features than originally specifiedType 3 Impaired 31.1%Cancelled or abandoned at some point of the life cycleIS Failure by Lyytinen and Hirschheim [4]Correspondence FailureBudget and time scheduleInteraction FailureUser usage, attitudes and FailureMeet the stakeholders' requirements, expectations or values.其它高失败率的IS导入资料仓储系统（Wixom and Watson, 2002）1/2到2/3 是失败的客户关系管理系统（Payton and Zahay, 2003）50%-70%是失败的供应链管理系统（Elmuti, 2002）仅2%厂商认为自己的SCM是世界级的参考文献Krasner, H. (2000). Ensuring E-Business Success by Learning from ERP Failure, IEEE IT Pro, January/February, pp. 22-27.Scott, J. E. and Vessey, I (2002). Managing Risks in Enterprise Systems Implementations, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 74-81.Vogt, C. (2002). Intractable ERP: A Comprehensive Analysis of Failed Enterprise-Resource-Planning Projects, Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 62-68.Yeo, K. T. (2002). Critical Failure Factors in Information System Projects, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 20, pp. 241-246.参考文献-ERPKrasner, H. (2000). Ensuring E-Business Success by Learning from ERP Failure, IEEE IT Pro, January/February, pp. 22-27.Scott, J. E. and Vessey, I (2002). Managing Risks in Enterprise Systems Implementations, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 74-81.Vogt, C. (2002). Intractable ERP: A Comprehensive Analysis of Failed Enterprise-Resource-Planning Projects, Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 62-68.Yeo, K. T. (2002). Critical Failure Factors in Information System Projects, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 20, pp. 241-246.参考文献-OthersWixom, B. H. and Watson, H. J. (2001), An empirical investigation of the factors affecting data warehousing success, MIS Quarterly; 25(1), pp. 17-41.Payton, F. C. and Zahay, D. (2003), Understanding Why Marketing Does not Use the Corporate Data Warehouse for CRM Applications, Journal of Database Management; 10(4), pp. 315-326.Elmuti, D. (2002), The perceived impact of supply chain management on organizational effectiveness, Journal of Supply Chain Management; 38(3), pp. 49-57.。

仓储毕业论文英文参考文献

毕业论文英文参考文献数量(硕士论文对国外文献有数量要求吗?)

1.硕士论文对国外文献有数量要求吗?

学校规定的是外文数量不少于总文献数量的1/3，当然了只是个规定而已，也没有人去专门查查到底占到几分之几，各个学校的规定到不一样。

总之尽量多弄点英文文献吧，你懂的！参考文献可以在百度学术中找到。毕业论文参考文献规范格式一、参考文献的类型参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。

对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类[格式][序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.[举例][1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类[格式][序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.[举例][4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类[格式][序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.[举例][6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集[格式][序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.[举例][8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文[格式][序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.[举例][11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983:1-7.6.研究报告[格式][序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.[举例][12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院， 1997:9-10.7.条例[格式][序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期[举例][15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著[格式][序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码. 三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。

注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。

标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

为满意回答。

硕士毕业论文英文参考文献数量,毕业论文英文参考文献用什么字体,毕业论文英文参考文献哪里找

2.论文参考文献要多少个?

本科毕业论文一般要求参考文献近5年15到20篇，其中要有不少于7篇的外文文献。

一篇论文引用多少参考文献还是要根据所在单位或者目标刊物的具体要求。硕士学位论文的参考文献一般应不少于40篇，其中外文文献一般不少于20篇。

博士学位论文的参考文献数一般应不少于100篇，其中外文文献一般不少于总数的1/2；参考文献中近五年的文献数一般应不少于总数的1/3，并应有近两年的参考文献。参考文献不是越多越好，而是要根据自己的文章实际情况去标注参考文献，如果标注的过多过少都会对自己的文章有影响，所以根据自己的需求量去标注是最好的。

不要去引用那些来源不明、不知出处的参考文献。虽然一篇文章并不是以参考文献的数量来确定它的实用价值，但是如果参考文献越多，特别是参考那些很有价值的文献，越能够更好的体现文章所用的功夫及厚积薄发的功底。

毕业论文英文参考文献数量

毕业论文英文参考文献作者名(参考文献中英文文献的作者姓名怎么写)

1.参考文献中英文文献的作者姓名怎么写

英文引用及参考文献格式要求如下：参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。

文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》，适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献，而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。扩展资料：参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。

一种文献被反复引用者，在正文中用同一序号标示。引用一次的文献的页码（或页码范围）在文后参考文献中列出。

格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年，卷（期）”等+“：页码（或页码范围）”。多次引用的文献，每处的页码或页码范围（有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码）分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处，置于方括号后（仅列数字，不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符；页码范围中间的连线为半字线）并作上标。

作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的，该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号，做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。

另外，参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

毕业论文英文参考文献用什么字体,毕业论文英文参考文献哪里找,毕业论文一定要有英文参考文献吗

2.英文论文参考文献是什么

留学生在参考文献的列举，或者可以说是陈列方面有比较多的标注方法，常见的有五种：Harvard referencing system哈佛文献标记系统；CMS:Chicago Manual of Style(CMS)芝加哥写作和文献标注系统；APA Style:American Psychological Association美国心理学会写作和文献标记办法；AMA:American Medical Association美国医学会文献标注系统；MLA：现代语言学会写作和文献标注系统。但是最常用的就是前两种，今天来说一下哈佛文献的注释格式吧！

哈佛文献注释体系起源于美国，经过几十年的发展已经成为一种国际性的学术规范，具备了灵活、简洁、清楚的特点，对作者和读者来说都较为方便。它也叫做作者-日期法，每一个引文，无论是直接还是间接都应该分别在两处注明——在文中引用处注明，在全书或是全文最后的参考书目处注明。

1、在文中引用处注释。当作者姓名在句子中自然出现，给出作者姓和出版年份，将出版年份在小括号内；当作者姓名不在句子中自然出现时，姓和出版年份都放在括号内；被引用的作者在同一年出现了两部以上著作或发表了两篇以上的炉温，用小写字母abc加以区别，放在年份后面；如果被引用著作有两位作者，要讲两位作者的姓同时给出等。

2、在全书（文）后参考书目处注释。所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列，一个作者有多本著作时，则按年份先后排列顺序，一个作者一年内有多本著作出版或论文发表，在年份后按月份先后加小写字母abc等加以区别。这样排列的好处是：只有一个按字母顺序排列的参考书目，便于读者查阅；整个文档不需要脚注；便于修改，即使是最后一刻要删去或增加某条注释，可随时增删，不需要重新排序；每个注释只在参考书目中出现一次，而无论它在文中被引用过几次。

毕业论文英文参考文献作者名

毕业论文英文参考文献全部小写(论文参考文献那些英文字母简写代表什么)

1.论文参考文献那些英文字母简写代表什么

1、M——专著。示例：[序号] 期刊作者，严复思想研究[M]。桂林：XXXX出版社，1989。

2、N——报纸文章。示例：[序号] 期刊作者.经济全球化的重要性[N]. XX日报，1998-12-27。

3、J——期刊文章。示例：[序号] 期刊作者.题名〔J〕，刊名，出版年，卷（期）：起止页码。

4、D——学位论文。示例：[序号] 学位论文作者.题名〔D〕，保存地点.保存单位。年份。

5、R——报告。示例：[序号] 报告作者，题名〔R〕，保存地点.年份。

6、S——标准。示例：[序号] 标准代号，标准名称[S]，出版地：出版者，出版年。

7、P——专利。示例：[序号] 专利所有者，专利题名[P]。专利国别：专利号，发布日期。

8、A——专著，论文集中的析出文献。

扩展资料：

参考文献的著录原则：

1、只著录最必要，最新的文献。著录的文献要精选，仅限于著录作者亲自阅读过并在论文中直接引用的文献，而且无特殊需要不必罗列众所周知的教科书或某些陈旧史料。

2、只著录公开发表的文献。公开发表是指在国内外公开发行的报刊或正式出版的图书上发表。在供内部交流的刊物上发表的文章和内部使用的资料，尤其是不宜公开的资料均不能作为参考文献引用。

3、引用论点必须准确无误，不能断章取义。

4、采用规范化的著录格式。关于文后参考文献的著录已有国际标准和国家标准，论文作者和期刊编者都应熟练掌握，严格执行。

5、参考文献的著录方法。根据GB 7714—87《文后参考文献著录规则》中规定采用顺序编码制。

参考资料来源：百度百科-参考文献

参考资料来源：百度百科-论文

2.英文文献格式

[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧，是他们的成就的表现。

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。

呵呵你看看，对你有帮助：毕业论文参考文献规范格式一、参考文献的类型参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983:1-7.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院， 1997:9-10.7.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

3.外文参考文献的标准格式

很显然如果前面那段没有符号的就是提名的话那么缺少了作者和来源

根据我的猜测咱给你分割分割

【1】HIMANISH DAS,Useful Byproducts from Cellulosic Wastes of Agriculture and Food Industry-A Critical Appraisal Critical Reviews[J] . Food Science and Nutrition Boca Raton, 2004, 44(2):77~90

以上就是格式了

算了我今天就吃亏点把咱学校论文中参考文献的格式和你说一下吧：

参考文献

A.正文中的参考文献格式：

***[3],*********[3,6],**********************************[3-6]。[5号Times New Roman，上标；[3]表示第三篇文献，[3,6]表示第三篇和第六篇文献，[3-6]表示第三，四，五，六篇连续的文献]

B. 后面参考文献的格式：

参考文献[宋体；五号；加粗；居中；段前段后各空一行]

[1] 张毅. 铸造工艺CAD及其应用[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1994: 14-15

[2] Huang S C, Huang Y M, Shieh S M. Vibration and stability of a rotating shaft containing a transerse crack [J]. J Sound and Vibration, 1993, 162(3): 387-401

[3] 陈金梅.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究[D].西安：西安建筑科学大学，2000

{五号字体，中文为楷体_GB2312，英文和数字为Times New Roman,1.3倍行距，两端对齐（不是分散对齐）。

(1)专著格式：

[序号] 编著者. 书名[M]. 版本（第1版不标注），出版地：出版社，年代：起止页码

(2)期刊论文格式：

[序号] 作者（不超过3人者全部列出，超过者只列前3名，后加“等”或“et al.

”）. 论文名称[J]. 期刊名称，年度，卷（期）：起止页码

(3)学位论文格式：

[序号] 作者. 学位论文名称[D]. 发表地：学位授予单位，年度}

__________________________________________________________________________________

最后，西瓜，好评给我要不然明天烘了你实验室。。。哈哈哈哈

4.毕业论文：英文标题单词首字母大小写如何确定

首字母应该大写。

英文文章中并没有”经济术语的每个首字母都一定要大写或第一个单词的首字母一定要大写“这样的硬性要求，通常有”专有名词“（例如：星球、国家、地区、城市、人等的名称，专业活动或奖项如世界杯、格莱美奖等）一般每个单词的首字母要大写的约定。

此外，在极端情况下，文章作者也可以在特别需要强调时，将一个单词或词组的所有字母都大写以示强调。例如“这不是我的错！”在特别需要强调“我”时，就可以写成That's not MY fault.（当然也可以说成That's not my fault at all.）

扩展资料：

培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识，培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力。培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风，严肃认真的科学态度。培养学生进行社会调查研究；文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用；提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。

毕业论文是毕业生总结性的独立作业，是学生运用在校学习的基本知识和基础理论，去分析、解决一两个实际问题的实践锻炼过程，也是学生在校学习期间学习成果的综合性总结，是整个教学活动中不可缺少的重要环节。撰写毕业论文对于培养学生初步的科学研究能力，提高其综合运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题能力有着重要意义。

毕业论文在进行编写的过程中，需要经过开题报告、论文编写、论文上交评定、论文答辩以及论文评分五个过程，其中开题报告是论文进行的最重要的一个过程，也是论文能否进行的一个重要指标。

参考资料来源：百度百科-毕业论文

5.毕业论文参考文献中的字母（本科、硕士）

去百度文库，查看完整内容>内容来自用户：hmfer参考文献中的字母表示的意思很多参考文献中后面会缀上如【M】的字样，各表示什么意思呢？专著-M；论文集-C；报刊-N；期刊文章-J；学位论文-D；报告-R；专著或论文集中析出的文献-A；标准-S；专利- P；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。

搜到个更详细的：论文参考文献，就是你所写的论文中引用的其他资料中的内容，如数据、概念及别人的研究成果等。不能随便写，是要写出准确出处的。

参考文献的编写格式要求。一、参考文献著录格式1、期刊作者.题名〔J〕.刊名，出版年，卷（期）∶起止页码2、专著作者.书名〔M〕.版本（第一版不著录）.出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码3、论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码4、学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点.保存单位.年份5、专利文献题名〔P〕.国别.专利文献种类.专利号.出版日期6、标准编号.标准名称〔S〕7、报纸作者.题名〔N〕.报纸名.出版日期（版次）8、报告作者.题名〔R〕.保存地点.年份9、电子文献作者.题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕.文献出处，日期二、文献类型及其标识1、根据GB3469规定，各类常用文献标识如下：。

毕业论文英文参考文献全部小写

地籍调查毕业论文英文参考文献(英文文献格式)

1.英文文献格式

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

2.论文标准中文、外文参考文献的格式

去百度文库，查看完整内容>内容来自用户：CrissLee2011中文、外文参考文献的格式及案例科技论文一定要有参考文献，限著者阅读过和论文中引用过且正式发表的出版物，未公开发表的资料请勿引用；按在文章引用的先后顺序编号；列出主要参考文献即可，一定要给出文献字母标识！！！[1]主要责任者.文献题目[M].出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（任选）.（专著[M]— monograph）[2]主要责任者.文献题目[C].出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（任选）.（论文集[C]—collections）[3]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者.原文献题名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年.析出文献起止页码.[4]主要责任者.文献题目[D].出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（任选）.（学位论文[D]—dissertation）[5]主要责任者.文献题目[R].出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（任选）.（报告[R]—report）[6]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码.（期刊文章[J]—journal）[7]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.（报纸文章[N]—newspaper）[8]标准编号，标准名称[S].（标准[S]—standard）[9]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献/载体类型标识].电子文献的出处或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期（任选）.（电子文献：数据库[DB]，计算机程序[CP]，电子公告[EB]；载体类型及其标识：联机网OL，磁带MT，光盘CD，磁盘DK。

Note: DB/OL—database online; DB/MT—database on magnetic tape; M/CD—monograph on CD-ROM[11][08] William B Gudykunst. Intercult。

3.求英文参考文献

题目：Analysis on the status of farmers, agriculture and countryside, and development strategies and measures in Tibet autonomous region

作者：Zhong Xianghao 1 , Li Xiangmei 1 and Peng Chuanzhong 1

期刊 Journal of Mountain Science

出版社 Science Press, co-published with Springer-Verlag GmbH

ISSN 1672-6316 (Print) 1993-0321 (Online)

期 Volume 1, Number 2 / 2004年5月

===========================

把相关内容也给你吧。

Received: 20 March 2004 Accepted: 5 May 2004

Abstract Coordinated and sustainable development of farmers, agriculture and countryside (FAC) is key to realize the national objective of comprehensively developed well-off society. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, outstanding achievements have been made in FAC work. However, compared with East and Middle China, there still exists a big gap. The farmers' net income per capita in 2001 was 1,404 yuan, 962 yuan lower than the nation's average. In late 90's the farmers' income growth slowed down. Agricultural industrialization is at low level, technologies play a small role in agricultural development, rural infrastructure is weak, the rural grass root organization is much underdeveloped, and construction of towns is behind the other regions of China. Based on the problems of FAC development there, this paper proposes FAC development strategies and measures for accelerating rural development in Tibet.

Keywords Tibet Autonomous Region - farmer - agriculture and countryside (FAC) - strategies - measures

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ps，在springer里面搜到的。

4.英文参考文献

；▲ the psychological constitute a crime Haoyielao, seeking ease and comfort to enjoy "Pirates Liangqiang a" crime of subjective reasons. Loss of the moral, cultural dross is induced by the impact of "Pirates Liangqiang a" crime of objective reasons. Haoyielao, inertia, the desire for them to enjoy the pleasure-seeking in the minds of the rapid formation of a serious distortion of the concept of money, the consumption of deformity, decadent enjoy the optimism, sense of shame, guilt decline, thus to meet the desires and a transgression Choi criminal activities. These are generally low education level, have a weak legal concept, the hot-headed, self-binding poor, the lack of a rational way, do not do things in mind the consequences. Liangqiang stolen in a robbery and snatch the difference Robbery refers to the illegal possession for the purpose of the use of violence, coercion or other means, forced Jiequ public and private property act. Snatch the crime refers to the illegal possession for the purpose of openly seize large amount of public and private property act. The main difference between the two is: 1, not an objective of the same Robbery performance of the spot for the use of violence, coercion or other coercive methods, forced Jiequ public and private property, and snatch the performance of crimes by people not prepared to openly seize large amount of property, so that others could not resist; 2, the object is not exactly the same Robbery not only violated the property rights of others, but also violated the personal rights of others, and snatch the crimes are generally only a violation of property rights; 3, the consequences of crime require different Robbery on the amount of property not required, and snatch a snatch of property crimes require larger amounts. According to judicial interpretation, snatch the public and private property value of 500 to 2,000 yuan and above, in order to "greater amount." 4, the contents of different subjective deliberately Robbery is to prepare or use of force or of a similar nature to the power to force the victims lost their property in the hope that the victims can not resist or unable to resist the case of obtaining property and snatch the crime of obtaining property by the sudden implementation of deliberately in the hope that by taking advantage of Victims do not prepare and obtaining property, rather than hope that through the use of force threatened to force the victims lost their property. How to guard against bootlegging a Liangqiang To guard against burglary and robbery cases, the public should be strengthened to prevent the following areas: First, do a good job in the neighbourhood relations between each other Reference, there are lingering near their home in strangers, must be more careful, if necessary, to ask the police or call 110. Second on-site maintenance, inspection, fees, shipping, gifts, to identify their exact identity. We must educate the children do not easily open the door to a stranger. Third, it is not kept at home a lot of cash, jewellery and other valuables, even if the family is also not entirely safe insurance. Books on the account number, password must bear in mind the other secret, not the same identity cards, accounts and other documents in this together. Fourth, do a good job in anti-theft technology. Reinforced doors and windows to prevent theft is very important, to install anti-theft door must select good quality and high safety factor, the credibility of a good product. Five key is to never are. Do not the keys to the child or not sensible allocation of others, once lost for the keys to immediately lock. 6 Institute is facing "scam or." When they go out at night the whole family a short period of time, preferably at home on a bright lamp, or open TV. Long period of time the whole family when they go out, in some clothes drying on the balcony so that the lawless elements difficult to judge whether someone in the monk and therefore dare not rashly start. 7 is to protect the scene. Found in the home were stolen, the head of the household are best not to panic and not to worry entered the house, an inventory of stolen goods, and shall protect the scene and quickly playing 110 report, when police officers arrived, the situation promptly to the police, together with police Investigation at the scene. Speed snatch, which is emerging in recent years a new type of crime, illegal criminals generally two to ride a motorcycle gang crime, in the streets against the women or the elderly, and snatch their handbags, cell phones or gold and silver jewelry, then quickly run away Away from the scene, it is very difficult to prevent. However, according to coaster snatch 。

5.英文论文参考文献是什么

6.英文参考文献

1.The global financial crisis and its impact on the hospitality industry

International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 28, Issue 3, September 2009, Page 301

Abraham Pizam

2.Global financial crisis: The challenge to accounting research

Accounting, Organizations and Society, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 29 May 2009

Patricia J. Arnold

3.Health slips as the financial crisis grips

The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9672, 18 April 2009-24 April 2009, Page 1311

The Lancet

4.The financial crisis continues to affect BASF's production

Focus on Powder Coatings, Volume 2009, Issue 3, March 2009, Page 4

5.Financial crisis and the silence of the auditors

Accounting, Organizations and Society, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 24 February 2009

Prem Sikka

6.The global financial crisis: an acute threat to health

The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9661, 31 January 2009-6 February 2009, Pages 355-356

Richard Horton

地籍调查毕业论文英文参考文献

毕业论文英文参考文献

1.英文文献格式

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

2.英文文献

如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22[29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22希望有帮助。

二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.【举例】[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.【举例】[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983:1-7.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院， 1997:9-10.7.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。

四、参考文献参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。

多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。

3.英文论文的参考文献是怎样的格式

根据学术堂的了解，参考文献是英语论文的重要组成部分，也是编辑加工和重要内容。

接下来就为大家介绍英语论文参考文献格式要求，欢迎阅读。 I.文内引用（一）直接引用 1.引用中的省略原始资料的引用：在正文中直接引用时，应给出作者、年份，并用带括号的数字标出页码。

若有任何资料省略，使用英文时，应用3个省略号在句中标出（…），中文用6个（……）；若两句间的资料省略，英文应用4个省略号标出（‥‥），中文用6个（……）。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释，应使用方括号[ ]。

若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂，应在引用后立即插入[sic]，中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例：例一：The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) 。

. In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345). 例二：Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings 。. and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275). 2.大段落引用当中文引用超过160字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式（引用起于新的一行，首行缩进4个空格，两端对齐，之后每行都缩进）。

当英文引用超过40字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式（引用起于新的一行，首行缩进5个空格，左对齐，之后每行都缩进）。 Elkind (1978) states: In general, our findings support Piaget's view that perceptions as well as intelligence are neither entirely inborn nor entirely innate but are rather progressively constructed through the gradual development of perceptual regulations. The chapter has also attempted to demonstrate the applicability of Piaget's theory to practical issues by summarizing some research growing out of an analysis of beginning reading. (p.183) （二）间接引用 1.基本格式同作者在同一段中重复被引用时，第一次必须写出日期，第二次以后则日期可省略。

a.英文文献：In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method…Walker also found…。 b.中文文献：李福印（2004）提出概念隐喻的重要性，…；李福印同时建议…。

2. 单一作者 a. 英文文献：姓氏（出版或发表年代）或（姓氏，出版或发表年代）。例如：Porter (2001)…或…（Porter, 2001）。

b. 中文文献：姓名（出版或发表年代）或（姓名，出版或发表年代）。例如：杨惠中（2011）…或…（杨惠中，2011）。

3.两个作者英文引用时，在圆括号内使用两名作者的姓氏，并使用“&”来连接，在正文中，使用“and”连接两名作者。中文引用时，在圆括号内使用两名作者的姓名，并用顿号“、”来连接，在正文中，使用 “和”、“与”、“及”等字连接两名作者。

例如：（Smith & Jones, 1994）, or Smith and Jones (1994) found。. In 1994 Smith and Jones researched。

. Always cite both names in text. 陈国华和田兵（2008）认为…或…（陈国华、田兵，2008） 4.三至五个作者英文第一次引用参考资料时，列出所有的作者的姓氏，除最后一名作者之前在正文中使用逗号加“and”、在圆括号内使用逗号加“&”连接外，之前的其他作者之间使用逗号“，”；之后引用时，英文用第一个作者的姓随之以“et al.”。中文第一次引用参考资料时，列出所有作者的姓名，除最后两名作者之间用“和”连接外，之前的其他作者之间使用顿号“、”；之后引用时，用第一名作者加“等”字。

例如： Strasburger, Jorgensen, and Randles (1996) found differences。. （第一次使用）. Strasburger et al. (1996) also created tests。

. （在段落中第二次使用）. Starsburger et al. found discrepancies。. （在同一段落中再次使用，此时省略年份）. 卫乃兴、李文中与濮建忠（2005）指出…或…（卫乃兴、李文中、濮建忠，2005）。

（第一次使用）卫乃兴等（2005）指出…或…（卫乃兴等，2005）。（第二次使用） 5.六个作者及以上使用英文时，只用第一个人的姓氏加“et al.”；使用中文时，只列出第一名作者的姓名，再加上“等”。

例如： Pouliquen et al. (2003)……或……（Pouliquen et al., 2003）王洪俊等（2007）…或…（王洪俊等，2007） 6.团体作者使用中文时，第一次用全称，比如，（首都师范大学教育科学学院[首师大教科院]，2001）；之后可以用简称，比如，首师大教科院（2001）的调查表明……。使用英文时，第一次引用时，拼出团体，比如，（National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1996）；以后用团体缩写加年份表示，比如，The NIMH (1996) examined。

.。 7.没有作者的文献当一部作品没有作者时，在文中引用参考文献目录单中的前几个字（通常是标题）和。

4.英文论文参考文献是什么

5.英语论文最后面的参考文献该怎么写啊

[ ] Chin-HuangLin, etal. The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance: Evidence from Business in Taiwan [J]. Technology in Society, 31 (2009), 56~63.[ ] Toraj Mojibi. Balance Score Card and Social Responsibility in Public Organizations [C]. Proceeding of the 2007 IEEE IEEM, 307 ~311.[ ] Jinyan Sang. An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises[C]. Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 337~341.[ ] Li Ji-wing, Wang Hao-bai. An Empirical Examination of Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Chinese Banking Industry Investigation[J]. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 3292~3295.[ ] Stephen P. Robbins, Mary Coulter. Management[M].Peking: Tsinghua University Press,2006,100.[ ] Ze-HongLi, Bin-Bin Liu, Li-Chun Wang. The Research on Consolidated Financial Evaluation about Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Fuzzy-AHP [C]. 2009 Ninth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 447~450.[ ] Ming-Chang Lee. A Method of Performance Evaluation by Using the Analytic Network Process and Balanced Score Card [C]. 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology, 235~240.[ ] Tiezhu Zhang, Le Gao. Study on the Application of Dynamic Balanced Scorecard in the Service Industry [C].2008 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 1158~1162.[ ] Li Ji-ming, Zhou Hong, Wang Hao-bai. An Empirical Study of Corporate Financial Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the Service Industry of Zhejiang Province[C]. Proceedings - International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2009, 1~4.[ ] Liu Wengang. On the Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Indicator System in Chinese Retailing Industry [J]. Journal of Beijing technology and business university, 2010(1),11~17.[ ] Zubaida Bai, Kellen McMartin. Corporate Social Responsibility: A New Perspective for Alleviating Poverty While Maximizing Profits[C].TIC-STH 2009, 827~830.[ ] Susan E.Jackson, Randall S.Schuler. Managing Human Resources,Through Strategic Partnerships[M]. Peking: Tsinghua Press,2006, 130.[ ] Shao Jianbing, Liu Ligang. Corporate Strategic Mission Statements Quality and Financial Performance: An Analysis on Chinese Firms[C]. Management and Service Science, MASS, 1~4.[ ] Liu Ying, Xue Lijun, Su Wei. Designing Supply Chain KPIs for Upper-Level Management[C]. 2009 IITA International Conference on Services Science,Management and Engineering, 19~21.[ ] Lu bainian. Comprehensive Performance Management[M]. Peking: Peking University Press. 2006, 83~84.。

6.论文的外文参考文献从哪里找呢

在中国期刊网ki.net/里找，有那种英文的文献，之后翻译过来。万方、维普都可以。或者直接到外人数据库找。

APS美国物理学会电子出版物

AIP美国物理研究所电子出版物

ASME美国机械工程师学会电子期刊

ASCE美国土木工程协会电子期刊

ACS美国化学学会数据库

IOP英国皇家物理学会期刊

RSC英国皇家化学学会期刊

AIAA美国航空航天学会

John Wiley电子期刊

Kluwer电子期刊

Springer LINK 电子期刊

EBSCO学术、商业信息数据库

Elsevier Science

IEEE/IEE Electronic Library

ACM Digital Library

但估计你们学校没有数据库。

如果找不到干脆找个中文的自己翻译过来算了。

7.英文论文的参考文献是怎样的格式

[2]A.Broader,A.M.Frieze,E.Shamir,and E.Upfal（作者姓名），Near-perfect Token Distribution（论文名称），in Random Structures & Algorithms5(1994)（论文发表在的出版物名称（期刊号）或会议名称）.又如，[8]F.E.Bustamante and Y.Qiao,Designing Less-structured P2P Systems for the Expected High Churn,in IEEE P2P,2005.。

毕业论文英文参考文献